鏡

See also: 镜

鏡	U+93E1, 鏡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-93E1

← 鏠
[U+93E0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鏢 →
[U+93E2]

Translingual

Han character

鏡 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 金卜廿山 (CYTU), four-corner 8011₆, composition ⿰釒竟)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1320, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40812
Dae Jaweon: page 1820, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4250, character 10
Unihan data for U+93E1

Chinese

trad.		鏡
simp.		镜
2nd round simp.		𰽟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鏡
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (竟) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
滰	*ɡaŋʔ
境	*kraŋʔ
竟	*kraŋs
鏡	*kraŋs
獍	*kraŋs
樈	*ɡraŋ
璄	*qraŋʔ
摬	*qraŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kraŋs): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 竟 (OC *kraŋs).

Etymology

Probably cognate with 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “bright”), 影 (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Gong (2019) identifies the unknown preinitial *C in the reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart (2014) with *s based on evidence from Old Vietnamese, and further posits that it is an instrumental noun derived by prefixation of *s- to the verb 映 (OC *qraŋs, “to reflect”), which is itself a denominal derived from 影 (OC *qraŋʔ, “shadow; image”).

Alternatively, it may be derived from 亮 (OC *raŋs, “to shine”) with the nominalising *k- prefix (Schuessler, 2007; apud Baxter, p.c.).

STEDT compares 鏡, 景 and 亮, among others, to Proto-Kuki-Chin *klaaŋ-I, *klaan-II (“to shine; light; bright”).

This word is relatively late and is perhaps re-etymologized from the nearly identical earlier word 監 (OC *kraːms), 鑑 (OC *kraːms, “mirror”) (Schuessler, 2007), which Wang (1982) treats as cognate. Gong (2019) considers 鏡 to be an unrelated neologism replacing 鑑.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin⁴

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jīng

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җин (žin, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): geng³

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): goeng³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): giang¹ / giang^1*
Gan (Wiktionary): jiang⁴ / jin⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kiang

(Hailu, HRS): giang^ˇ

(Meixian, Guangdong): giang⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): jing³
Northern Min (KCR): gia̿ng
Eastern Min (BUC): giáng / géng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gia⁴ / giaⁿ⁴ / ging⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiàⁿ / kèng / kǐn

(Teochew, Peng'im): gian³

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): gia³
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gang³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵cin
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
  - Wade–Giles: ching⁴
  - Yale: jìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
  - Palladius: цзин (czin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jin⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹³/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: jīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җин (žin, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: geng³
  - Yale: geng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: geng³
  - Guangdong Romanization: géng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛːŋ³³/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: goeng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /køŋ³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: giang¹ / giang^1*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiaŋ³³/, /kiaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/

Note: giang1* - standalone noun or head of a compound.

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: jiang⁴ / jin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiaŋ³⁵/, /t͡ɕin³⁵/

Note:

jiang4 - vernacular;
jin4 - literary.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiang
  - Hakka Romanization System: giang
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giang⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯aŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: giang^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /kiaŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: giang⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kiaŋ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jing³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gia̿ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiaŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: giáng / géng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiɑŋ²¹³/, /kɛiŋ²¹³/

Note:

giáng - vernacular;
géng - literary.

Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gia⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kia⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: giaⁿ⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kĩã⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ging⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ⁴²/

Note:

gia4/giaⁿ4 - vernacular;
ging4 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kiànn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kviax
  - IPA (Nan'an): /kiã³¹/
  - IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei): /kiã¹¹/
  - IPA (Longyan): /kiã²¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Kaohsiung): /kiã²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kiã⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
  - Tâi-lô: kìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /kɛŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Hui'an): /keŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǐn
  - Tâi-lô: kǐn
  - IPA (Longyan): /kin⁵³/

Note:

kiàⁿ - vernacular;
kèng/kǐn - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gian³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiàⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kĩã²¹³/
(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: gia³
- Sinological IPA: /kia²¹/

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: gang³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kəŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵cin
  - MiniDict: cin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: jin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: kjaengH

Rime
Character	鏡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居慶切
Baxter	kjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qraŋʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鏡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjæng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qraŋʔ-s/
English	mirror
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鏡
Reading #	1/1
No.	6870
Phonetic component	竟
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	敬
Old Chinese	/*kraŋs/

Definitions

鏡

(now in compounds or dialectal) mirror; reflecting glass (Classifier: 塊／块 c)
鏡子／镜子 ― jìngzi ― mirror

銅鏡／铜镜 ― tóngjìng ― bronze mirror

穿衣鏡／穿衣镜 ― chuānyījìng ― dressing mirror
(physics, in compounds) lens; -scope
稜鏡／棱镜 ― léngjìng ― prism

凸透鏡／凸透镜 ― tūtòujìng ― convex lens
(in compounds) spectacles; glasses
太陽鏡／太阳镜 ― tàiyángjìng ― sunglasses

護目鏡／护目镜 ― hùmùjìng ― goggles
(Cantonese) Short for 鏡頭／镜头 (jìngtóu, “camera lens”). (Classifier: 支 c)
^† to mirror; to reflect
^† to perceive; to observe clearly
^† to use for reference; to draw lessons from
^† clear
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 鏡子 (“mirror”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		鏡, 鑒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		鏡子
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	鏡子
	Taiwan	鏡子
	Harbin	鏡子
	Malaysia	鏡子
	Singapore	鏡子
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	鏡子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	鏡子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	鏡子
	Wanrong	鏡子
	Xi'an	鏡兒
	Xining	鏡兒
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	鏡子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	鏡子
	Lanzhou	鏡子
	Ürümqi	鏡子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	鏡子
	Wuhan	鏡子
	Guiyang	鏡子
	Lancang	鏡子
	Guilin	鏡子
	Pingle	鏡子
	Liuzhou	鏡子
	Luzhai	鏡子
	Nanning (Wuming)	鏡子
	Binyang (Nanjie)	鏡子, 紅毛鏡
	Hechi (Yizhou)	鏡子, 穿衣鏡
	Luocheng (Dongmen)	鏡子
	Tianlin (Langping)	鏡子
	Dagudi (Maliba)	鏡蓋
	Reshuitang (Longling)	鏡蓋, 鏡子
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	鏡子
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	鏡子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	鏡子
	Yangzhou	鏡子
	Hefei	鏡子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	鏡
	Hong Kong	鏡
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	鏡
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	鏡
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	鏡
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	鏡
	Macau	鏡
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	鏡
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	鏡
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	鏡
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	鏡
	Foshan	鏡
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	鏡
	Foshan (Shunde)	鏡
	Foshan (Sanshui)	鏡
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	鏡
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	鏡
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	鏡
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	鏡
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	鏡
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	鏡
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	鏡
	Taishan	鏡
	Kaiping (Chikan)	鏡
	Enping (Niujiang)	鏡
	Heshan (Yayao)	鏡
	Dongguan	鏡
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	鏡
	Yangjiang	鏡
	Wuzhou	鏡
	Rongxian	鏡
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	鏡
	Hepu (Shatian)	鏡
	Beiliu	鏡
	Baise	鏡
	Bobai	鏡
	Qinzhou	鏡
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	鏡
	Beihai	鏡
	Beihai (Nankang)	鏡
	Beihai (Yingpan)	鏡兒
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	鏡
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	鏡
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	鏡
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	鏡
	Singapore (Guangfu)	鏡
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	鏡
	Móng Cái	鏡
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	鏡
	Betong (Rongxian)	鏡
Gan	Nanchang	鏡子
	Lichuan	鏡
	Pingxiang	鏡子
Hakka	Meixian	鏡仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	鏡
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	鏡仔
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	鏡仔
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	鏡
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	鏡
	Jiexi	鏡
	Yudu	鏡子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	鏡仔
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	鏡仔
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	鏡仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	鏡仔
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	鏡仔
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	鏡仔
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	鏡仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	鏡仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	鏡
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	鏡仔
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	鏡
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	鏡
	Hong Kong	鏡
	Senai (Huiyang)	鏡
	Kuching (Hepo)	鏡
	Bangkok (Meixian)	鏡仔
Huizhou	Jixi	鏡
Jin	Taiyuan	鏡兒, 鏡子
Jin	Xinzhou	鏡兒
Northern Min	Jian'ou	鏡
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	鏡
Eastern Min	Matsu	鏡
Southern Min	Xiamen	鏡
	Quanzhou	鏡
	Zhangzhou	鏡
	Kaohsiung	鏡
	Penang (Hokkien)	鏡
	Singapore (Hokkien)	鏡
	Manila (Hokkien)	鏡
	Medan (Hokkien)	鏡
	Chaozhou	鏡
	Shantou	鏡
	Jieyang	鏡
	Bangkok (Teochew)	鏡, กระจก
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	鏡
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	鏡, กระจก
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	鏡
	Singapore (Teochew)	鏡
	Pontianak (Teochew)	鏡
	Leizhou	鏡
	Haikou	鏡
Puxian Min	Putian	鏡
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	鏡
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	鏡
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	鏡
	Xianyou	鏡
	Xianyou (Fengting)	鏡
	Xianyou (Youyang)	鏡
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	鏡
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	鏡
Wu	Shanghai	鏡子
	Shanghai (Chongming)	鏡子
	Suzhou	鏡子
	Danyang	鏡子
	Hangzhou	鏡子
	Ningbo	鏡子
	Wenzhou	鏡, 玻璃鏡
	Jinhua	鏡
Xiang	Changsha	鏡子
	Xiangxiang	鏡子
	Loudi	鏡子
	Shuangfeng	鏡子

Dialectal synonyms of 眼鏡 (“eyeglasses”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		靉靆, 眼鏡
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		眼鏡
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子
	Taiwan	眼鏡
	Chengde	眼鏡兒
	Chifeng	眼鏡兒, 鏡子
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	眼鏡
	Heihe	眼鏡兒
	Qiqihar	眼鏡, 鏡子
	Harbin	眼鏡兒, 鏡子
	Jiamusi	眼鏡兒, 鏡子
	Baicheng	眼鏡兒
	Changchun	眼鏡兒
	Tonghua	眼鏡兒
	Shenyang	眼鏡兒, 鏡子
	Jinzhou	眼鏡兒, 鏡子
	Malaysia	眼鏡
	Singapore	眼鏡
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	眼鏡兒
	Tangshan	眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子
	Cangzhou	眼鏡兒
	Baoding	眼鏡兒
	Shijiazhuang	眼鏡兒
	Lijin	眼鏡, 鏡子
	Jinan	眼鏡子, 鏡子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	眼鏡兒
	Dandong	眼鏡兒
	Yantai	眼鏡
	Yantai (Muping)	眼鏡
	Qingdao	眼鏡
	Zhucheng	眼鏡
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	眼鏡兒, 二餅兒 derogatory
	Lingbao	眼鏡
	Jining	眼鏡
	Wanrong	眼鏡, 鏡子 dated, 二柄子 derogatory
	Linfen	眼鏡兒
	Shangqiu	眼鏡兒
	Yuanyang	眼鏡
	Zhengzhou	眼鏡
	Xinyang	眼鏡兒
	Baihe	眼鏡, 眼鏡子
	Xi'an	眼鏡, 眼鏡兒
	Baoji	眼鏡
	Tianshui	眼鏡
	Xining	眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子, 眼鏡兒子
	Xuzhou	眼鏡, 二餅 humorous
	Fuyang	眼鏡, 鏡子
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	眼鏡子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	眼鏡, 眼鏡兒
	Lanzhou	眼鏡兒, 眼鏡子, 鏡子, 二軲轆 humorous
	Dunhuang	眼鏡子
	Hami	眼鏡
	Ürümqi	眼鏡子, 鏡子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	眼鏡兒, 眼鏡
	Nanchong	眼鏡兒
	Dazhou	眼鏡兒, 鏡子
	Hanyuan	眼鏡, 眼鏡子
	Xichang	眼鏡
	Zigong	眼鏡兒
	Chongqing	眼鏡兒
	Wuhan	眼鏡, 鏡子 dated, 玻璃 humorous
	Yichang	眼鏡
	Xiangyang	眼鏡, 鏡子
	Tianmen	眼鏡
	Guiyang	眼鏡
	Zunyi	眼鏡
	Bijie	眼鏡
	Liping	眼鏡
	Zhaotong	眼鏡
	Dali	眼鏡
	Kunming	眼鏡
	Mengzi	眼鏡
	Guilin	眼鏡
	Liuzhou	眼鏡
	Jishou	眼鏡
	Changde	眼鏡
	Hanzhong	眼鏡子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	眼鏡, 二餅 humorous
	Yangzhou	眼鏡子
	Lianyungang	眼鏡
	Lianshui	眼鏡子
	Nantong	眼鏡
	Anqing	眼鏡, 眼睛罩 dated
	Wuhu	眼鏡子
	Hefei	眼鏡子
	Huanggang	眼鏡兒
	Hong'an	眼鏡, 鏡子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	眼鏡, 眼枷
	Hong Kong	眼鏡
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	眼鏡
	Macau	眼鏡
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	眼鏡
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	眼鏡
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	眼鏡
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	眼鏡
	Foshan	眼鏡
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	眼鏡
	Foshan (Shunde)	眼鏡
	Foshan (Sanshui)	眼鏡
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	眼鏡
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	眼鏡
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	眼鏡
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	眼鏡
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	眼鏡
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	眼鏡
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	眼鏡
	Taishan	眼鏡
	Kaiping (Chikan)	眼鏡
	Enping (Niujiang)	眼鏡
	Heshan (Yayao)	眼鏡
	Dongguan	眼鏡, 二文錢 dated
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	眼鏡
	Qingyuan	眼鏡
	Fogang	眼鏡
	Yingde (Hanguang)	眼鏡
	Yangshan	眼鏡
	Lianshan (Butian)	眼鏡
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	眼鏡
	Shaoguan	眼鏡
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	眼鏡
	Renhua	眼鏡
	Lechang	眼鏡
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	眼鏡
	Sihui	眼鏡
	Guangning	眼鏡
	Deqing	眼鏡
	Huaiji	眼鏡
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	眼鏡
	Yunfu	眼鏡
	Xinxing	眼鏡
	Luoding	眼鏡
	Yunan (Pingtai)	眼鏡
	Xinyi	眼鏡
	Lianjiang	眼鏡
	Nanning	眼鏡
	Wuzhou	眼鏡
	Yulin	眼鏡
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	眼鏡
	Qinzhou (Xiniujiao)	眼鏡
	Singapore (Guangfu)	眼鏡
Gan	Nanchang	眼鏡子
	Lichuan	眼鏡
	Pingxiang	眼鏡
Hakka	Meixian	目鏡, 眼鏡
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	眼鏡
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	眼鏡
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	眼鏡
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	眼鏡
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	眼鏡
	Wuhua (Changbu)	眼鏡
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	眼鏡
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	眼鏡
	Jiexi	目鏡
	Luhe	目鏡
	Changting	眼鏡
	Longyan (Yongding)	眼鏡
	Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding)	目鏡, 眼鏡
	Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding)	眼鏡
	Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding)	目鏡
	Wuping (Zhongshan)	目鏡
	Liancheng (Peitian)	眼鏡
	Liancheng (Zhongbao)	眼鏡
	Liancheng (Laiyuan)	目鏡
	Yudu	眼鏡
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	目鏡
	Miaoli (Zaoqiao; N. Sixian)	目鏡
	Miaoli (Touwu; N. Sixian)	目鏡
	Miaoli (Nanzhuang; N. Sixian)	目鏡
	Miaoli (Shitan; N. Sixian)	目鏡
	Miaoli (Sanwan; N. Sixian)	目鏡
	Miaoli (Toufen; N. Sixian)	目鏡
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	目鏡
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	目鏡
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	眼鏡
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	目鏡
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	眼枷仔
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	眼枷仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	目鏡
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	目鏡
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	目鏡
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	目鏡
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	目鏡
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	眼鏡
	Sabah (Longchuan)	眼鏡
	Kuching (Hepo)	目鏡
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	目鏡
	Singkawang	目鏡
	Bangkok (Meixian)	眼鏡
	Bangkok (Fengshun)	目鏡
Huizhou	Jixi	眼鏡
Huizhou	Shexian	眼鏡
Jin	Taiyuan	眼鏡
	Yangyuan	眼鏡兒, 鏡子
	Datong	眼鏡兒
	Xinzhou	眼鏡, 二餅子 derogatory
	Lüliang (Lishi)	眼鏡兒
	Changzhi	眼鏡兒
	Linhe	眼鏡
	Jining	眼鏡兒
	Hohhot	眼鏡
	Erenhot	眼鏡兒
	Pingshan	眼鏡子, 鏡子
	Zhangjiakou	眼鏡兒, 鏡子
	Handan	眼鏡
	Linzhou	眼鏡
	Suide	眼鏡
Northern Min	Jian'ou	眼鏡
	Songxi	眼鏡
	Jianyang	眼鏡
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	眼鏡
	Fuqing	眼鏡
	Gutian	眼鏡
	Ningde	眼鏡
	Zhouning	眼鏡
	Fuding	眼鏡
	Youxi	眼鏡
	Matsu	眼鏡
Southern Min	Xiamen	目鏡
	Quanzhou	目鏡
	Jinjiang	目鏡
	Yongchun	目鏡
	Zhangzhou	目鏡
	Zhao'an	目鏡
	Taipei	目鏡
	Taipei (Wanhua)	目鏡
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	目鏡
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	目鏡
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	目鏡
	Kaohsiung	目鏡
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	目鏡
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	目鏡
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	目鏡
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	目鏡
	Yilan	目鏡
	Yilan (Luodong)	目鏡
	Yilan (Toucheng)	目鏡
	Changhua (Lukang)	目鏡
	Taichung	目鏡
	Taichung (Wuqi)	目鏡
	Tainan	目鏡
	Tainan (Anping)	目鏡
	Taitung	目鏡
	Hsinchu	目鏡
	Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng)	目鏡
	Penghu (Magong)	目鏡
	Penghu (Xiyu)	目鏡
	Penang (Hokkien)	目鏡
	Singapore (Hokkien)	目鏡
	Manila (Hokkien)	目鏡
	Longyan	目鏡
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	目鏡
	Datian	眼鏡
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	眼鏡
	Chaozhou	目鏡
	Shantou	目鏡
	Shantou (Chenghai)	目鏡
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	目鏡
	Jieyang	目鏡
	Haifeng	目鏡
	Phnom Penh (Teochew)	目鏡
	Singapore (Teochew)	目鏡
	Leizhou	目鏡
	Wenchang	目鏡
	Haikou	目鏡
Puxian Min	Putian	目鏡
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	目鏡
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	目鏡
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	目鏡
	Xianyou	目鏡
	Xianyou (Fengting)	目鏡
	Xianyou (Youyang)	目鏡
Central Min	Yong'an	眼鏡, 目鏡
Central Min	Sanming (Shaxian)	目鏡
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	眼鏡
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	眼鏡
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	目鏡
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	眼鏡, 眼枷
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	眼鏡子
Waxiang	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	眼鏡
Wu	Shanghai	眼鏡, 托力克
	Shanghai (Chongming)	眼鏡
	Suzhou	眼鏡
	Danyang	眼鏡子
	Hangzhou	眼鏡兒
	Ningbo	蔡眼
	Wenzhou	眼鏡, 眼視鏡
	Jinhua	眼鏡
Xiang	Changsha	眼鏡
	Loudi	眼鏡
	Quanzhou	眼鏡
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	眼鏡

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鏡):

→ Japanese: 鏡(きょう) (kyō)
→ Korean: 경(鏡) (gyeong)
→ Vietnamese: kính (鏡)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: gương
→ Zhuang: gingq

References

“鏡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	鏡
Kyūjitai ^[1]^[2]	鏡󠄂 鏡+`󠄂`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

鏡

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
Kan-on: けい (kei)
Kun: かがみ (kagami, 鏡, Jōyō)、かんがみる (kangamiru, 鏡みる)
Nanori: あき (aki)、あきら (akira)、かがみ (kagami)、かね (kane)、とし (toshi)、み (mi)

Compounds

鏡(きょう)映(えい) (kyōei, “mirror image, mirrored projection”)
鏡(きょう)架(か) (kyōka, “mirror stand”)
鏡(きょう)花(か) (kyōka, “flower in a mirror”, metaphor for something that can be seen but not touched)
- 鏡(きょう)花(か)水(すい)月(げつ) (kyōka suigetsu)
鏡(きょう)台(だい) (kyōdai)
眼(がん)鏡(きょう) (gankyō)
神(しん)鏡(けい) (shinkei)
水(すい)鏡(きょう) (suikyō)
明(めい)鏡(けい) (meikei)
眼鏡(めがね) (megane)
鸞鏡(らんけい) (rankei)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
鏡
かがみ Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

Originally a compound of 影 (kaga, ancient combining form of 影 (kage), “shadow; outline; figure; image”) +‎ 見 (mi, “seeing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 見る (miru), “to see, to look at”).^[3]^[4]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かがみ [kàgámíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[4]
IPA^(key): [ka̠ɡa̠mʲi]
Audio: (file)

Noun

鏡(かがみ) • (kagami)

a mirror (smooth reflecting surface)
- 1999 March 6, “ミラージュ [Mirage]”, in Starter Box(スターターボックス), Konami:
  
  手(て)にする鏡(かがみ)から仲(なか)間(ま)を呼(よ)び出(だ)すことのできる鳥(とり)のけもの。
  Te ni suru kagami kara nakama o yobidasu koto no dekiru tori no kemono.
  An avian beast that can call upon its companions from inside the mirror in its hands.
- 1999 July 22, “アブソリューター [Absolutor]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
  
  相(あい)手(て)を鏡(かがみ)の中(なか)の世(せ)界(かい)に吸(す)い込(こ)むことができる。
  Aite o kagami no naka no sekai ni suikomu koto ga dekiru.
  It can suck opponents into the world inside the mirror.
Short for 鏡餅 (kagami mochi): a set of mochi rice cakes used in New Year celebrations
Short for 鏡物 (kagamimono, “a history book with 鏡 (kagami) in the title”).
(theater) Short for 鏡板 (kagami ita): the panel at the back of a noh stage that is painted with an image of an old pine tree
the barrelhead or lid of a sake barrel
昨日(きのう)、鏡(かがみ)を抜(ぬ)いた。
Kinō, kagami o nuita.
They removed the barrelhead yesterday. → They opened the saké barrel yesterday.
This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms

鑑(かがみ) (kagami, “pattern, example”)
鏡(かがみ)いご (kagami igo, type of gelatin made from cooked-down seaweed used as a side dish during Obon in certain regions)
鏡(か)ヶ池(みヶいけ) (Kagamigaike)
鏡草(カガミグサ) (kagamigusa)
鏡(かがみ)鞍(ぐら) (kagamigura, a type of saddle)
鏡(かがみ)台(だい) (kagamidai)
鏡(かがみ)立(た)て (kagamitate)
鏡(かがみ)の家(いえ) (kagami no ie, “box or case for a mirror”)
鏡(かがみ)の奩(す) (kagami no su, “box or case for a mirror”)
鏡(かがみ)の間(ま) (kagami no ma): in noh, a room or alcove behind the curtain and affixed with a mirror for players to check their appearance; a similar space in other theaters; a room with mirrors on all four walls, such as at Versailles
鏡(かがみ)板(いた) (kagami ita): panel that forms the back wall of a noh stage and is traditionally painted with a picture of an old pine tree
鏡(かがみ)の松(まつ) (kagami no matsu): a painting of an old pine tree on the kagami ita that forms the back wall of a noh stage
鏡(かがみ)の御(み)影(えい) (kagami no miei): a depiction of a round window through which can be seen gods, spirits, or Buddhas
鏡(かがみ)開(びら)き (kagami-biraki)
鏡(かがみ)餅(もち) (kagami mochi)
鏡(かがみ)物(もの) (kagamimono)
合(あ)わせ鏡(かがみ) (awase kagami)
今(いま)鏡(かがみ) (Imakagami)
岩(イワ)鏡(カガミ) (iwakagami)
自(うぬ)惚(ぼ)れ鏡(かがみ) (unubore kagami)
衣紋(えもん)鏡(かがみ) (emon kagami)
お鏡(かがみ), 御(お)鏡(かがみ) (o-kagami)
大(おお)鏡(かがみ) (Ōkagami)
懐中(かいちゅう)鏡(かがみ) (kaichū kagami)
銀鏡(ギンカガミ) (ginkagami)
浄玻璃(じょうはり)の鏡(かがみ) (jōhari no kagami)
空(そら)の鏡(かがみ) (sora no kagami)
知恵(ちえ)の鏡(かがみ) (chie no kagami)
手(て)鏡(かがみ) (tekagami)
共(とも)鏡(かがみ), 友(とも)鏡(かがみ) (tomokagami)
野(の)守(もり)の鏡(かがみ) (nomori no kagami)
初(はつ)鏡(かがみ) (hatsukagami)
鬢(びん)鏡(かがみ) (binkagami)
ビードロ鏡(かがみ) (bīdoro kagami)
懐(ふところ)鏡(かがみ) (futokoro kagami)
増(ます)鏡(かがみ) (Masukagami)
真(ま)澄(すみ)の鏡(かがみ) (ma-sumi no kagami, “clear mirror”)
- ます鏡(かがみ) (masukagami)
- まそ鏡(かがみ) (masokagami)
丸(まる)鏡(かがみ), 円(まる)鏡(かがみ) (marukagami)
水(みず)鏡(かがみ) (mizukagami)
餠(もちい)鏡(かがみ) (mochii kagami)
八咫(やた)の鏡(かがみ) (Yata no Kagami)

Idioms

鏡(かがみ)は女(おんな)の魂(たましい) (kagami wa onna no tamashii, “a mirror is a woman's soul”)
鏡(か)が曇(みがくも)ると魂(たましい)が曇(くも)る (kagami ga kumoru to tamashii ga kumoru, “if the looking glass is cloudy, so too is one's soul → (particularly regarding women) one's appearance is a reflection of one's psyche, and a disordered appearance indicates a disordered mind”)
鏡(かがみ)は重(じゅう)磨(ま)によって輝(かがや)く (kagami wa jūma ni yotte kagayaku): "a mirror shines from heavy polishing" → practice makes perfect
鏡(かがみ)は容貌(かたち)を見(み)せ酒(、さけ)は心(こころ)を現(あらわ)す (kagami wa katachi o mise, sake wa kokoro o arawasu, “a mirror shows one's appearance; alcohol brings out one's true thoughts → a metaphor for how drinking can lead to freer expression of what one really thinks”)
鏡(かがみ)に掛(か)く (kagami ni kaku, “show in a mirror → extremely clear, extremely certain: as clear as day”)
鏡(かがみ)を掛(か)く (kagami o kaku, “hang a mirror → to know something in detail as if looking at it in a mirror: to know something like the back of one's hand, to know something inside and out”)
月(つき)の鏡(かがみ) (tsuki no kagami)

Proper noun

鏡(かがみ) • (Kagami)

a placename
a surname
a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
鏡
きょう Grade: 4
goon

/kjau/ → /kjɔː/ → /kjoː/

From Middle Chinese 鏡 (MC kjaengH).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ː]

Affix

鏡(きょう) • (kyō) ^{←きやう (kyau)^?}

Derived terms

Proper noun

鏡(きょう) • (Kyō) ^{←きやう (Kyau)^?}

a female given name
a surname

References

^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2198 (paper), page 1151 (digital)
^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1274 (paper), page 650 (digital)
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

鏡 (eumhun 거울 경 (geoul gyeong))

hanja form^? of 경 (“mirror, lens”)
hanja form^? of 경 (“glass, glasses”)

Okinawan

Kanji

鏡

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

On (unclassified): ちょー (chō)
Kun: かがん (kagan)

Compounds

眼(がん)鏡(ちょー) (ganchō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
鏡
かがん Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Cognate with mainland Japanese 鏡 (kagami) and Kagoshima dialect 鏡 (kagan).

Pronunciation

(Shuri-Naha) かがん [kàgán] (Heiban - [0])
IPA^(key): [kaɡaɴ]

Noun

鏡(かがん) (kagan)

a mirror

Derived terms

Okinoerabu

Kanji

鏡

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 鏡 (kagami, “mirror”).

Noun

鏡(はがみ) (hagami)

a mirror

Old Japanese

Etymology

Originally a compound of 影 (kaga, combining form of 影 (kage₂), “shadow; outline; figure; image”) +‎ 見 (mi₁, “seeing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 見る (mi₁ru), “to see, to look at”).^[1]^[2]

Noun

鏡 (kagami₁) (kana かがみ)

a mirror
- 711–712, Kojiki, poem 90; also Man'yōshū, book 13, poem 3263:
  ...伊久比爾波加賀美袁加氣麻久比爾波麻多麻袁加氣...
  ...ikupi₁ ni pa kagami₁ wo kake₂ ma-kupi₁ ni pa ma-tama wo kake₂...
  On the sacred stake a mirror is suspended; on the splendid stake splendid jewels are suspended.^[3]
- c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3468:
  ,^[4] text here
  夜麻杼里乃乎呂能波都乎爾可賀美可家刀奈布倍美許曾奈爾与曾利鷄米
  yamado₂ri no₂ woro₂ no₂ patuwo ni kagami₁ kake₁ to₁nau be₂mi₁ ko₂so₂ na ni yo₂serike₁me₂
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

鑑 (kagami₁, “pattern, example”)
鏡なす (kagami₁ nasu, pillow word)
大鏡 (opokagami₁)
眞澄の鏡 (ma-sumi₁ no₂ kagami₁)
- まそ鏡 (maso₁kagami₁)
眞經津の鏡 (Ma-putu no₂ Kagami₁)
八咫の鏡 (Yata no₂ Kagami₁)

Descendants

Japanese: 鏡 (kagami)

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Helen Craig McCullough (1985) Brocade by Night: Kokin Wakashū and the Court Style in Japanese Classical Poetry, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 80
^ Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2002, →ISBN.

Vietnamese

Han character

鏡: Hán Nôm readings: kính, kẻng, gương, kiếng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni

Kanji

鏡

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 鏡 (kagami, “mirror”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kaŋaŋ̍/

Noun

鏡(かか゚ん) (ka'ngan)

a mirror

[1] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2198 (paper), page 1151 (digital)

[2] Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1274 (paper), page 650 (digital)

[KDJ-3] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[5] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[6] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[7] Helen Craig McCullough (1985) Brocade by Night: Kokin Wakashū and the Court Style in Japanese Classical Poetry, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 80

[8] Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2002, →ISBN.

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