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見る

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *miru. Cognate with (me, eye).

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「見る
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
見る [míꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 見ろ [míꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 見られる られ [mìráréꜜrù]
Causative 見させる させ [mìsáséꜜrù]
Potential 見られる られ [mìráréꜜrù]
Volitional 見よう [mìyóꜜò]
Negative 見ない ない [míꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 見なかった なかった [míꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 見ます [mìmáꜜsù]
Perfective 見た [míꜜtà]
Conjunctive 見て [míꜜtè]
Hypothetical conditional 見れば れば [míꜜrèbà]

Verb

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() (mirutransitive ichidan (stem () (mi), past () (mita))

Japanese verb pair
causative ()せる
active ()
mediopassive ()える
  1. to see, to watch, to observe, to look at something
  2. to look over, to examine, to judge
  3. to take care of, to look after, to keep an eye on somebody
  4. to view something, like paintings, flowers or a movie
    (えい)()()()
    eiga o mi ni iku
    to go see a movie
    あの(かん)(とく)(えい)()()ことありません
    Ano kantoku no eiga o mita koto wa arimasen.
    I haven't seen any of that director's movies before.
  5. みる: (after the te form of a verb) to try to do (literally, “[do the preceding verb and] see”)
    納豆(なっとう)()べてみません
    Nattō o tabete mimasen ka.
    Why not try [to eat] natto?
    ()まで(きみ)()きてみたい
    shinu made kimi to ikite mitai yo
    Until death I want to try to live with you
    (あや)しい(とびら)()けてみたくない
    ayashī tobira o akete mitakunai yo
    I don't want to try to open the weird door!

Usage notes

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  • This auxiliary usage implies that the action has never been attempted by the subject.

Conjugation

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Extended conjugation of miru "見る" (Class: kami ichidan "upper monograde")
(See Appendix:Japanese verbs and Japanese conjugation)
Ren’yōkei ("continuative form") [mi]
Rentaikei ("attributive form") 見る [miru]
Positive Negative
Conjunctive (te-form) 見て [mite] ない [minai de]
なくて [minakute]
Non-past / Imperfective
Positive Negative
Plain 見る [miru] 見ない [minai]
Polite 見ます [mimasu] 見ません [mimasen]
Past / Perfective
Positive Negative
Plain 見た [mita] なかった [minakatta]
Polite ました [mimashita] ませんでした [mimasen deshita]
Passive
Verb stem られ [mirare]
Positive Negative
Plain 見られる [mirareru] 見られない [mirarenai]
Polite 見られます [miraremasu] 見られません [miraremasen]
Past 見られ [mirareta] 見られなかった [mirarenakatta]
Polite past 見られました [miraremashita] 見られませんでした [miraremasen deshita]
Causative
Verb stem させ [misase]
Positive Negative
Plain 見させる [misaseru]
short form: 見さす [misasu]
見させない [misasenai]
Polite 見させます [misasemasu] 見させません [misasemasen]
Past 見させ [misaseta] 見させなかった [misasenakatta]
Polite past 見させました [misasemashita] 見させませんでした [misasemasen deshita]
Potential
Verb stem られ [mirare]
Positive Negative
Plain 見られる [mirareru] 見られない [mirarenai]
Polite 見られます [miraremasu] 見られません [miraremasen]
Past 見られ [mirareta] 見られなかった [mirarenakatta]
Polite past 見られました [miraremashita] 見られませんでした [miraremasen deshita]
Potential with ra-nuki
Verb stem [mire]
Positive Negative
Plain 見れる [mireru] 見れない [mirenai]
Polite 見れます [miremasu] 見れません [miremasen]
Past 見れ [mireta] 見れなかった [mirenakatta]
Polite past 見れました [miremashita] 見れませんでした [miremasen deshita]
Imperative
Positive Negative
Meireikei / Firm instruction written: 見よ [miyo],
spoken: 見ろ [miro]
prohibitive: 見る [miru na]
Polite 見てください [mite kudasai] ないください [minai de kudasai]
-nasai form なさい [minasai]
Volitional / Presumptive
Positive Negative
Plain 見よう [miyō]
Polite ましょう [mimashō]
Conditional
Positive Negative
Hypothetical / Provisional 見れば [mireba] なければ [minakereba]
colloquial: なきゃ [minakya]
-tara form たら [mitara] なかったら [minakattara]
Causative passive
Verb stem させられ [misaserare]
Positive Negative
Plain させられる [misaserareru] 見させられない [misaserarenai]
Polite 見させられます [misaseraremasu] 見させられません [misaseraremasen]
Past 見させられ [misaserareta] 見させられなかった [misaserarenakatta]
Polite past 見させられました [misaseraremashita] 見させられませんでした [misaseraremasen deshita]
Desiderative (-tai form)
Positive Negative
Plain たい [mitai] たくない [mitaku nai]
For other desiderative forms, see たい#Inflection.
Progressive action and current state (-te iru form)
Positive Negative
Plain 見ている [mite iru]
contraction: てる [miteru]
見ていない [mite inai]
contraction: ない [mitenai]
Polite 見ています [mite imasu] 見ていません [mite imasen]
Past 見ていた [mite ita] 見ていなかった [mite inakatta]
Polite past 見ていました [mite imashita] 見ていませんでした [mite imasen deshita]
Other forms and suffixes
Archaic or classical negative [minu] ¹
Archaic attributive negative
-ぬ contraction (colloquial or dialectal negative) [min]
Negative continuative [mizu] ¹
(〜): without 〜ing
Representative / Listing examples たり [mitari]
¹ Archaic form, now mostly used in set phrases, written language and formal speech.


Synonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ 見・看・視・観・覧”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Uwano, Zendo (2002 October 31) “見島方言の用言のアクセント調査報告 [A Report on the Accentual Surveys of Verbs and Adjectives in the Mishima Dialect]”, in 環太平洋の「消滅に瀕した言語」にかんする緊急調査研究 [Endangered languages of the Pacific Rim]‎[2], →ISSN, archived from the original on 25 September 2022
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN