見る
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
見 |
み Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *miru. Cognate with 目 (me, “eye”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「見る」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
見る | みる | [míꜜrù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 見ろ | みろ | [míꜜrò] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 見られる | みられる | [mìráréꜜrù] |
Causative | 見させる | みさせる | [mìsáséꜜrù] |
Potential | 見られる | みられる | [mìráréꜜrù] |
Volitional | 見よう | みよー | [mìyóꜜò] |
Negative | 見ない | みない | [míꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 見なかった | みなかった | [míꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 見ます | みます | [mìmáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 見た | みた | [míꜜtà] |
Conjunctive | 見て | みて | [míꜜtè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 見れば | みれば | [míꜜrèbà] |
Verb
[edit]見る • (miru) transitive ichidan (stem 見 (mi), past 見た (mita))
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
causative | 見せる |
active | 見る |
mediopassive | 見える |
- to see, to watch, to observe, to look at something
- 2003 October 10, Quentin Tarantino, Kill Bill: Volume 1, spoken by young O-Ren Ishii (Ai Maeda), Miramax Films:
- 松本……あたしを見て……あたしの顔をよーく見て……あたしの目を見て……あたしの口を見て……見覚えないかい?……あんたが殺した誰かに……似てないかい!
- Matsumoto…… Atashi o mite…… Atashi no kao o yōku mite…… Atashi no me o mite…… Atashi no kuchi o mite…… Mioboe nai kai?…… Anta ga koroshita dare ka ni…… nite nai kai!
- Matsumoto…… Look at me…… Take a good look at my face…… My eyes…… My mouth…… Don’t I look familiar to you?…… Like someone…… you murdered⁉
- 松本……あたしを見て……あたしの顔をよーく見て……あたしの目を見て……あたしの口を見て……見覚えないかい?……あんたが殺した誰かに……似てないかい!
- to look over, to examine, to judge
- to take care of, to look after, to keep an eye on somebody
- to view something, like paintings, flowers or a movie
- みる: (after the te form of a verb) to try to do (literally, “[do the preceding verb and] see”)
Usage notes
[edit]- This auxiliary usage implies that the action has never been attempted by the subject.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "見る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 見 | み | mi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 見 | み | mi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 見る | みる | miru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 見る | みる | miru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 見れ | みれ | mire | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 見よ¹ 見ろ² |
みよ¹ みろ² |
miyo¹ miro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 見られる | みられる | mirareru | |
Causative | 見させる 見さす |
みさせる みさす |
misaseru misasu | |
Potential | 見られる 見れる³ |
みられる みれる³ |
mirareru mireru³ | |
Volitional | 見よう | みよう | miyō | |
Negative | 見ない 見ぬ 見ん |
みない みぬ みん |
minai minu min | |
Negative continuative | 見ず | みず | mizu | |
Formal | 見ます | みます | mimasu | |
Perfective | 見た | みた | mita | |
Conjunctive | 見て | みて | mite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 見れば | みれば | mireba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | 見 | み | mi |
Continuative (連用形) | 見 | み | mi |
Terminal (終止形) | 見る | みる | miru |
Attributive (連体形) | 見る | みる | miru |
Realis (已然形) | 見れ | みれ | mire |
Imperative (命令形) | 見よ | みよ | miyo |
Key constructions | |||
Negative | 見ず | みず | mizu |
Contrasting conjunction | 見れど | みれど | miredo |
Causal conjunction | 見れば | みれば | mireba |
Conditional conjunction | 見ば | みば | miba |
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 見き | みき | miki |
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 見けり | みけり | mikeri |
Perfect tense (conscious action) | 見つ | みつ | mitu |
Perfect tense (natural event) | 見ぬ | みぬ | minu |
Perfect-continuative tense | 見たり | みたり | mitari |
Volitional | 見む | みむ | mimu |
Extended conjugation of miru "見る" (Class: kami ichidan "upper monograde") | ||
---|---|---|
(See Appendix:Japanese verbs and Japanese conjugation) | ||
Ren’yōkei ("continuative form") | 見 [mi] | |
Rentaikei ("attributive form") | 見る [miru] | |
Positive | Negative | |
Conjunctive (te-form) | 見て [mite] | 見ないで [minai de] 見なくて [minakute] |
Non-past / Imperfective | ||
Positive | Negative | |
Plain | 見る [miru] | 見ない [minai] |
Polite | 見ます [mimasu] | 見ません [mimasen] |
Past / Perfective | ||
Positive | Negative | |
Plain | 見た [mita] | 見なかった [minakatta] |
Polite | 見ました [mimashita] | 見ませんでした [mimasen deshita] |
Passive | ||
Verb stem | 見られ [mirare] | |
Positive | Negative | |
Plain | 見られる [mirareru] | 見られない [mirarenai] |
Polite | 見られます [miraremasu] | 見られません [miraremasen] |
Past | 見られた [mirareta] | 見られなかった [mirarenakatta] |
Polite past | 見られました [miraremashita] | 見られませんでした [miraremasen deshita] |
Causative | ||
Verb stem | 見させ [misase] | |
Positive | Negative | |
Plain | 見させる [misaseru] short form: 見さす [misasu] |
見させない [misasenai] |
Polite | 見させます [misasemasu] | 見させません [misasemasen] |
Past | 見させた [misaseta] | 見させなかった [misasenakatta] |
Polite past | 見させました [misasemashita] | 見させませんでした [misasemasen deshita] |
Potential | ||
Verb stem | 見られ [mirare] | |
Positive | Negative | |
Plain | 見られる [mirareru] | 見られない [mirarenai] |
Polite | 見られます [miraremasu] | 見られません [miraremasen] |
Past | 見られた [mirareta] | 見られなかった [mirarenakatta] |
Polite past | 見られました [miraremashita] | 見られませんでした [miraremasen deshita] |
Potential with ra-nuki | ||
Verb stem | 見れ [mire] | |
Positive | Negative | |
Plain | 見れる [mireru] | 見れない [mirenai] |
Polite | 見れます [miremasu] | 見れません [miremasen] |
Past | 見れた [mireta] | 見れなかった [mirenakatta] |
Polite past | 見れました [miremashita] | 見れませんでした [miremasen deshita] |
Imperative | ||
Positive | Negative | |
Meireikei / Firm instruction | written: 見よ [miyo], spoken: 見ろ [miro] |
prohibitive: 見るな [miru na] |
Polite | 見てください [mite kudasai] | 見ないでください [minai de kudasai] |
-nasai form | 見なさい [minasai] | — |
Volitional / Presumptive | ||
Positive | Negative | |
Plain | 見よう [miyō] | — |
Polite | 見ましょう [mimashō] | — |
Conditional | ||
Positive | Negative | |
Hypothetical / Provisional | 見れば [mireba] | 見なければ [minakereba] colloquial: 見なきゃ [minakya] |
-tara form | 見たら [mitara] | 見なかったら [minakattara] |
Causative passive | ||
Verb stem | 見させられ [misaserare] | |
Positive | Negative | |
Plain | 見させられる [misaserareru] | 見させられない [misaserarenai] |
Polite | 見させられます [misaseraremasu] | 見させられません [misaseraremasen] |
Past | 見させられた [misaserareta] | 見させられなかった [misaserarenakatta] |
Polite past | 見させられました [misaseraremashita] | 見させられませんでした [misaseraremasen deshita] |
Desiderative (-tai form) | ||
Positive | Negative | |
Plain | 見たい [mitai] | 見たくない [mitaku nai] |
For other desiderative forms, see たい#Inflection. | ||
Progressive action and current state (-te iru form) | ||
Positive | Negative | |
Plain | 見ている [mite iru] contraction: 見てる [miteru] |
見ていない [mite inai] contraction: 見てない [mitenai] |
Polite | 見ています [mite imasu] | 見ていません [mite imasen] |
Past | 見ていた [mite ita] | 見ていなかった [mite inakatta] |
Polite past | 見ていました [mite imashita] | 見ていませんでした [mite imasen deshita] |
Synonyms
[edit]- 視聴する (shichō suru)
Derived terms
[edit]- 見せる (miseru, “to show”)
- 見る影もない (miru kage mo nai), 見る影も無い (miru kage mo nai): mere shadow of one's former self; having no trace left of something great once possessed
- 夢を見る (yume o miru, “to have a dream”)
- 試みる (kokoromiru, “to try; to taste”)
- 省みる (kaerimiru, “to look back, reconsider”)
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ “見・看・視・観・覧”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Uwano, Zendo (2002 October 31) “見島方言の用言のアクセント調査報告 [A Report on the Accentual Surveys of Verbs and Adjectives in the Mishima Dialect]”, in 環太平洋の「消滅に瀕した言語」にかんする緊急調査研究 [Endangered languages of the Pacific Rim][2], →ISSN, archived from the original on 25 September 2022
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 見 read as み
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese ichidan verbs
- Japanese kami ichidan verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples