Jump to content

地震

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Chinese

[edit]
earth; ground; field
earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); ‑ly
 
 shake; shock; sign in trigram
trad. (地震) 地 震
simp. #(地震) 地 震
Wikipedia has an article on:

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 地 震
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 脂 (15) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 徒四切 章刃切
Baxter dijH tsyinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/diɪH/ /t͡ɕiɪnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/diH/ /t͡ɕinH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/djɪH/ /t͡ɕjenH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/diH/ /cinH/
Li
Rong 		/diH/ /t͡ɕiĕnH/
Wang
Li 		/diH/ /t͡ɕĭĕnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱiH/ /t͡ɕi̯ĕnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dì zhèn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dei6 zan3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 地 震
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dì zhèn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dijH › ‹ tsyinH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[l]ˁej-s/ /*tər-s/
English earth, ground clap of thunder

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 地 震
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 14808 1367
Phonetic
component 		也 辰
Rime
group 		歌 文
Rime
subdivision 		2 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		地 震
Old
Chinese 		/*l'els/ /*tjɯn/

Noun

[edit]

地震

  1. earthquake (Classifier: 場／场 m; 次 m c)
    地震活動／地震活动  ―  dìzhèn huódòng  ―  seismic activity
    臺灣發生地震了。 [MSC, trad.]
    台湾发生地震了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Táiwān fāshēng dìzhèn le. [Pinyin]
    There was an earthquake in Taiwan.
    發生了大地震，大陸及港、澳、台三地藝人為了救災共襄盛舉，舉辦了多場演唱會。 [MSC, trad.]
    发生了大地震，大陆及港、澳、台三地艺人为了救灾共襄盛举，举办了多场演唱会。 [MSC, simp.]
    Fāshēng le dà dìzhèn, Dàlù jí Gǎng, Ào, Tái sān dì yìrén wèile jiùzāi gòngxiāngshèngjǔ, jǔbàn le duō chǎng yǎnchànghuì. [Pinyin]
    After the major earthquake, artists from the Mainland, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan all worked together to perform several concerts to collect funds for disaster relief.
  2. (figuratively, usually in politics or business) shifting or shuffling of posts
    官場大地震／官场大地震  ―  guānchǎng dàdìzhèn  ―  a major change in government officials

Synonyms

[edit]
  • (literary, or in compounds) 震 (zhèn)
Dialectal synonyms of 地震 (“(to have an) earthquake”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 地震
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 地震, 地動, 鰲魚眨眼兒, 鰲魚翻身
Taiwan 地震, 地牛翻身
Chengde 地震
Chifeng 地震, 地動
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 地震
Heihe 地震
Qiqihar 地震
Harbin 地震
Jiamusi 地震
Baicheng 地震
Changchun 地震, 地動
Tonghua 地震, 地動
Shenyang 地震, 老鱉翻身
Jinzhou 地震, 地動
Singapore 地震
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 地震
Tangshan 地震, 鰲魚翻身
Cangzhou 地震
Baoding 地震, 地動
Shijiazhuang 地震, 地動
Lijin 地震, 地動
Jinan 地震, 地動
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 地陷
Dandong 地震, 地動
Yantai 地震
Qingdao 地震
Zhucheng 地震
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 地動
Lingbao 地動
Jining 地震, 鰲魚眨眼地翻身
Wanrong 地動
Linfen 地震
Shangqiu 地震, 地動, 鰲魚翻身
Yuanyang 地震
Zhengzhou 地動
Xinyang 地動
Baihe 地震, 地動, 鰲魚翻身
Xi'an 地震, 地動
Baoji 地震, 地動
Tianshui 地動, 龍翻身哩
Xining 地震, 地牛搖頭
Xuzhou 地震, 地動
Fuyang 地震, 地動
Qimen (Anling; Junhua) 鰲魚翻身
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 地動
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 地震
Lanzhou 地震, 地動
Dunhuang 地震
Hami 地震, 蛟龍翻身
Ürümqi 地動
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 地震, 地動
Nanchong 地震, 地動
Dazhou 地動, 鰲魚眨眼兒
Hanyuan 地震, 地動
Xichang 地震, 鰲魚翻身, 地動
Zigong 地震
Chongqing 地震, 鰲魚翻身
Wuhan 地震, 鰲魚翻身
Yichang 地震, 鰲魚翻身
Xiangyang 地震, 鰲魚翻身
Tianmen 地震, 鰲魚換肩
Guiyang 地震, 地動
Zunyi 地震
Bijie 地震
Liping 地震
Zhaotong 地震, 鰲魚翻身
Dali 地震
Kunming 地震, 鱷魚翻身
Mengzi 地震
Guilin 地震
Guanyang 地震, 地動
Liuzhou 地震
Jishou 地震
Changde 鰲魚翻身
Hanzhong 地震, 地動, 鱷魚翻身
Kokang 地動, 鰲魚翻身
Mae Salong (Lancang) 地震, 地動
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 地震
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 地震, 地動, 鰲魚翻身, 鰲魚擦眼睛, 鰲魚眨眼睛
Yangzhou 地震, 鰲魚翻身
Lianyungang 地震
Lianshui 地震, 地動
Nantong 地震, 地動
Anqing 地震
Wuhu 地震, 地動
Hefei 地震
Hong'an 地震, 鰲魚翻身
Cantonese Guangzhou 地震
Hong Kong 地震
Taishan 地震, 地牛躝側
Yangjiang 地震
Qinzhou 鰲魚翻身, 鰲魚動翅
Gan Nanchang 地震
Pingxiang 地震, 孽龍轉身
Hakka Meixian 地震, 天地轉側
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 地牛轉側
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 地震
Wuhua (Huacheng) 地轉側
Wuhua (Changbu) 地震, 地轉側
Wuhua (Mianyang) 地震
Jiexi 地牛轉肩
Jiexi (Huizhai) 地牛換肩
Luhe 地牛轉肩
Changting 鰲魚翻身
Longyan (Yongding) 地轉側
Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) 地動
Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) 地震
Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) 地震
Liancheng (Peitian) 鰲魚轉側, 地震
Liancheng (Juxi) 地震
Liancheng (Zhongbao) 地震
Liancheng (Laiyuan) 地震, 地動
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 地動, 地牛翻身, 地牛轉肩
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 地動
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 地動, 地牛翻身, 地牛轉肩
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 地動
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 地動
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 地動
Nantou (Guoxing; Lufeng) 地動
Bobai (Longtan) 地震
Pontianak (Meixian) 地動
Bangkok (Meixian) 天轉側
Bangkok (Fengshun) 地牛轉肩
Huizhou Shexian 地震
Qimen (Anling; Minhua) 鰲魚翻身, 地震
Jin Taiyuan 地震, 地動
Yangyuan 地震, 地動
Datong 地震, 地動
Xinzhou 地動
Lüliang (Lishi) 地震, 地動
Changzhi 地動
Linhe 地震, 地動
Jining 地搖
Hohhot 地震, 地動
Erenhot 地震
Pingshan 地動
Zhangjiakou 地震
Handan 地震, 地動
Linzhou 地動
Suide 地震, 土牛兒翻身
Northern Min Jian'ou 地震, 地牛反肩
Eastern Min Fuzhou 地震, 地牛轉肩
Gutian 地震, 地牛車轉身 dated
Southern Min Xiamen 地動
Xiamen (Tong'an) 地動
Quanzhou 地動, 地牛翻身
Zhangzhou 地動, 地牛翻身
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 地動
Zhangpu 地動
Dongshan 地牛過肩, 地顫 rural
Taipei 地動
New Taipei (Sanxia) 地牛翻身, 地動
Kaohsiung 地動, 塗牛翻身
Yilan 地牛翻身, 地動
Changhua (Lukang) 地動
Taichung 地動, 地牛翻身
Tainan 地動, 塗牛翻身
Hsinchu 地動, 地牛翻身
Kinmen 地動, 地牛翻身
Penghu (Magong) 地動, 地牛翻身
Penang (Hokkien) 地動, 地顫
Manila (Hokkien) 地動
Chaozhou 地震
Shantou 地震
Jieyang 地牛換肩
Haifeng 地牛翻身
Puxian Min Putian 地動
Xianyou 地動
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 龍翻身, 牛搏肩
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 地震
Wu Shanghai 地震, 地動
Suzhou 地震
Wuxi 地震, 天搖地動
Wenzhou 地震, 地藏王轉肩
Xiang Changsha 地震
Shuangfeng 地震

Verb

[edit]

地震

  1. (impersonal) to have an earthquake
    臺灣地震了。／台湾地震了。  ―  Táiwān dìzhèn le.  ―  There was an earthquake in Taiwan.

Derived terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (地震):

Others:

See also

[edit]

Hachijō

[edit]
Kanji in this term
地 震
じ
Grade: 2 		しん
Grade: S
goon

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (Mitsune) IPA(key): [d͡ʑiɕiɴ]
  • (Okago, Kashitate) IPA(key): [d͡ʑiɕiɴ]
  • (Nakanogo) IPA(key): [d͡ʑiɕin]
  • (Sueyoshi) IPA(key): [ʑiɕin]

Noun

[edit]

地震(じしん) (jishin) 

  1. earthquake

Japanese

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
地 震
じ
Grade: 2 		しん
Grade: S
goon

/di t͡ɕin/ → /d͡ʑiɕiɴ/

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese compound 地震 (MC dijH tsyinH). First cited to a text from 734.[1]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

地(じ)震(しん) • (jishin) ←ぢしん (disin)?

  1. [from 734] an earthquake
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (archaic or dialect) 地震(ない) (nai), 地震(なえ) (nae)
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms
Proverbs
[edit]
[edit]
See also
[edit]
See also

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
地 震
ない
Grade: 2 Grade: S
jukujikun

/nawi/ → */nawʲi/ → /naji/ → /nai/

From Old Japanese. First cited to 720 in the Nihon Shoki.[4]

Apparently this term semantically first referred to the ground, and was used most in constructions like ないふる (naifuru, “the ground shakes”). Over time, this shifted via metonymy to refer to the shaking itself.[4]

May be a compound of 土(な) (na, “ground”, possibly an apophonic form of ni, "earth, soil") + 居(ゐ) (i, “being”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 居(ゐ)る (iru, “to be”, in a location; in modern Japanese, used of animate objects)).[4][2]

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent
※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: [4]

Noun

[edit]

地震(ない) • (nai) ←なゐ (nawi)?

  1. [720–???] (archaic, possibly obsolete or dialect) an earthquake
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 94)
      於弥能姑能耶賦能之魔柯枳始陀騰余瀰(おみのこのやふのしばかきしたとよみ)那為(なゐ)我與釐拠魔耶黎夢之魔柯枳(がよりこばやれむしばかき) [Man'yōgana]
      臣(おみ)の子(こ)の八符(やふ)の柴垣(しばかき)下動(したとよ)み地(なゐ)が震(よ)り来(こ)ば破(や)れむ柴垣(しばかき) [Modern spelling]
      omi no ko no yafu no shibakaki shita-toyomi nai ga yorikoba yaremu shibakaki
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    • 1212, Hōjōki[5]
      また、同(おな)じころかとよ、おびたゝしく大(おほ)地震(なゐ)ふること侍(さぶら)き。[...]　恐(おそ)れのなかに恐(おそ)るべかりけるは、只(ただ)地震(なゐ)なりけりとこそ覺(おぼ)え侍(じ)しか。[...]　よのつね、驚(おどろ)くほどの地震(なゐ)、二(に)三(さん)十(じふ)度(ど)ふらぬ日(ひ)はなし。
      Mata, onaji koro ka to yo, obi-tatashiku ō-nai furu koto saburaki. ...osore no naka ni osoru-bekarikeru wa, tada nai narikeri to koso oboe-ji shi ka. ...yo no tsune, odoroku-hodo no nai, ni-san-jūdo furanu hi wa nashi.
      (please add an English translation of this example)

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
地 震
なえ
Grade: 2 Grade: S
jukujikun

/nawi/ → */nawʲi/ → /naji/ → /naje/ → /nae/

Appears in the Nippo Jisho.

Shift from nai, historical nawi (see above).[6][2] First cited to the late 1400s.[6]

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (Gokayama (Toyama)) なえ [nàé][7]
  • (Notsu (Oita)) な​いぇ [náyè][7]
  • (Kamikoshiki) なえ [nàé][7]

Noun

[edit]

地震(なえ) • (nae) 

  1. [from late 1400s] (archaic, possibly obsolete or dialect) an earthquake
    大(お)きななえが来(く)れば、恐(おそ)ろしいよ。
    Okina nae ga kureba, osoroshii yo.
    If a big earthquake occurs, it will be terrifying.
    • 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 455:
      [8]
      Naye. ナエ(地震) 地震.Nayega yuru. (地震が揺る) 地震がする.

Etymology 4

[edit]
Kanji in this term
地 震
じ
Grade: 2 		ふるい > ぶるい
Grade: S
on'yomi kun'yomi

Compound of 地 (ji, “ground”) +‎ 震い (furui, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical Japanese verb 震ふ (furufu, “to tremble; to roar”), modern 震える (furueru)).[9] The furui changes to burui as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

地(じ)震(ぶるい) • (jiburui) ←ぢぶるひ (diburufi)?

  1. (dated, possibly obsolete) a shaking or trembling ground or earth

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “じ‐しん［ヂ‥］ 【地震】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 “ない［なゐ］ 【地震】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  5. ^ Nishio, Minoro (1212) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Hōjōki, Tsurezuregusa, Iwanami Shoten, published 1957, →ISBN
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 “なえ 【地震】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Hirayama, Teruo (平山 照男), Ōshima Ichirō (大島 一郎), Ōno Masao (大野 眞男), Kuno Makoto (久野 眞), Kuno Mariko (久野 マリ子), Sugimura Takao (杉村 孝夫) (1992-1994) 現代日本語方言大辞典 [Dictionary of Japanese Dialects], volume 3, Tokyo: Meiji Shoin (明治書院), pages 2257-2259
  8. ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 “じ‐ぶるい［ヂぶるひ］ 【地震】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[4] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

[edit]
Hanja in this term
地震

Noun

[edit]

地震 • (jijin) (hangeul 지진)

  1. hanja form? of 지진 (“earthquake”)
[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
地震

Noun

[edit]

地震

  1. chữ Hán form of địa chấn (“earthquake”).
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=地震&oldid=83084575"