噫

噫 U+566B, 噫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-566B ← 噪 [U+566A] CJK Unified Ideographs 噬 → [U+566C]

Translingual

Han character

噫 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 口卜廿心 (RYTP), four-corner 6003₆, composition ⿰口意)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 210, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4381
• Dae Jaweon: page 432, character 31
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 694, character 1
• Unihan data for U+566B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		噫
alternative forms		譩／𰶊 䪰 𧮒 𢤏 ancient

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (意) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
噫	*qrɯːɡs, *qɯ
譩	*qɯ, *qɯʔ, *qɯl
醷	*qɯʔ, *qɯɡ
意	*qɯɡs
鷾	*qɯɡs
憶	*qɯɡ
億	*qɯɡ
臆	*qɯɡ
繶	*qɯɡ
澺	*qɯɡ
薏	*qɯɡ
檍	*qɯɡ
癔	*qɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yī, yì (yi¹, yi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧ, ㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yī
    • Zhuyin: ㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yi
    • Wade–Giles: i¹
    • Yale: yī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: i
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yì
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yì
    • Wade–Giles: i⁴
    • Yale: yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ji¹
    • Yale: yī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'i

Rime
Character	噫
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於其切
Baxter	'i
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɨ/
Li Rong	/ʔiə/
Wang Li	/ĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qɯ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	噫
Reading #	2/2
No.	15149
Phonetic component	意
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	醫
Old Chinese	/*qɯ/

Definitions

噫

1. (Classical) alas; sigh (expressing regret or grief)

   • 顏淵死。子曰：「噫！天喪予！天喪予！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     颜渊死。子曰：「噫！天丧予！天丧予！」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yán Yuān sǐ. Zǐ yuē: “Yī! Tiān sàng yú! Tiān sàng yú!” [Pinyin]

     When Yan Yuan died, the Master said, "Alas! Heaven is destroying me! Heaven is destroying me!"

2. huh; wow; eh (expressing surprise or wonder)

Compounds

• 噫吁戲
• 噫嗚／噫呜
• 噫嘻
• 噫歆
• 憑噫／凭噫
• 抑噫
• 梁鴻五噫

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): ài, yì (ai⁴, yi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄞˋ, ㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): aai³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ài
    • Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ài
    • Wade–Giles: ai⁴
    • Yale: ài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
    • Palladius: ай (aj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yì
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yì
    • Wade–Giles: i⁴
    • Yale: yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: aai³
    • Yale: aai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: aai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ai³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aːi̯³³/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

---

• Middle Chinese: 'eajH

Rime
Character	噫
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	烏界切
Baxter	'eajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠɛiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚæiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɐiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəɨjH/
Li Rong	/ʔɛiH/
Wang Li	/ɐiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔăiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	aai3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qrɯːɡs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	噫
Reading #	1/2
No.	15148
Phonetic component	意
Rime group	代
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	噫
Old Chinese	/*qrɯːɡs/

Definitions

噫

1. to belch; to burp
2. (obsolete) to exhale; to blow

Compounds

• 噫氣／噫气

 

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yì
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yì
    • Wade–Giles: i⁴
    • Yale: yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/

Definitions

噫

1. Alternative form of 抑 (yì, “but; however”)

References

• “噫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

噫

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. exclamation
2. burp, belch

Readings

• Go-on: い (i)、え (e)
• Kan-on: あい (ai)、い (i)
• Kun: ああ (ā, 噫)、おくび (okubi, 噫)

Compounds

• 五(ご)噫(い) (goi)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
噫
ああ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 噫 – see the following entry.

【ああ】 [interjection] oh!, ah! [interjection] expresses surprise [interjection] expresses affirmation [interjection] used to call attention [interjection] expresses a grunt or pain [interjection] (colloquial) expresses a calm positive response: yeah Alternative spelling 嗚呼

(This term, 噫, is an alternative spelling (literary) of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 噫 (MC 'i).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅴᆼ (Yale: quy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Early Modern Korean 희^韻 (Yale: huy) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [çi]
• Phonetic hangul: [히]

Hanja

Wikisource

噫 (eumhun 한숨 쉴 희 (hansum swil hui))

1. hanja form^? of 희 (“to sigh; to groan”)
2. (literary) hanja form^? of 희 (“alas (expressing regret or surprise)”)
   • 1919, 기미 독립 선언서(己未獨立宣言書) (gimi dongnip seoneonseo) [Proclamation of Korean Independence]:

     噫(희)라 舊來(구래)의 抑鬱(억울)을 宣暢(선창)하려 하면 […]

     huira gurae-ui eogureul seonchangharyeo hamyeon […]

     Alas! If we are to eradicate our longstanding sense of injustice […]

   • 1919, 한용운 [Han: 韓龍雲, Han Yong-un], 조선 독립의 서 [Joseon dongnibui seo, Han: 朝鮮 獨立의 書, A letter for Korean independence]:

     噫(희)라, (一)億萬(일억만) 人民(인민)의 上(상)에 君臨(군림)하고 […]

     huira ireongman inminui sang-e gullimhago […]

     Alas, [determined] to rule over countless numbers of people […]

   • 1919, 한용운 [Han: 韓龍雲, Han Yong-un], 조선 독립의 서 [Joseon dongnibui seo, Han: 朝鮮 獨立의 書, A letter for Korean independence]:

     噫(희)라 曠古(광고) 未曾有(미증유)의 歐洲(구주)의 大戰爭(대전쟁)과 奇怪(기괴) 不思議(불사의)의 獨逸(독일)의 革命(혁명)은 […]

     huira gwanggo mijeung-yuui gujuui daejeonjaenggwa gigoe bulsauiui dogirui hyeongmyeong-eun […]

     Alas! the unprecedented European war and the inscrutable German Revolution [was] […]

   • 1929, 신채호 [Han: 申采浩, Sin Chaeho], 조선사 연구 초 [Joseonsayeon-gucho, Han: 朝鮮史硏究草, Exploratory Studies in Korean History]:

     噫(희)라, 李勣(이적)과 蘇定方(소정방)이 麗(여)·濟(제)의 文獻(문헌)을 掃蕩(소탕)하였다 하지만

     huira, Ijeokgwa Sojeongbang-i Yeo·Je-ui munheoneul sotanghayeotda hajiman

     Alas, although it is said that Li Ji and Su Dingfang wiped out the literature of Goguryeo and Baekje

Compounds

Compounds

• 희라 (噫라, huira, “alas”)
• 희오 (噫嗚, huio, “sorrowing”)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 噫 (MC 'eajH).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅢᆼ〮 (Yale: qáy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 애〯 (ǎy)^訓 (Yale: ǎy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɛ] ~ [e̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [애/에]

Hanja

噫 (eumhun 트림할 애 (teurimhal ae))

1. hanja form^? of 애 (“to belch; to burp”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 애기 (噫氣, aegi, “burp”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

噫: Hán Nôm readings: y

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation