七

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See also: 𠤎, and 匕

七 U+4E03, 七
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E03
← 丂
[U+4E02] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丄 →
[U+4E04]
㈦ U+3226, ㈦
PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SEVEN
← ㈥
[U+3225] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈧ →
[U+3227]
㊆ U+3286, ㊆
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SEVEN
← ㊅
[U+3285] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊇ →
[U+3287]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
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Translingual

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Stroke order
2 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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七 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+1, 2 strokes, cangjie input 十山 (JU), four-corner 40710, composition ⿻㇀乚(GHJKV) or ⿻㇀㇄(T))

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 75, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 3, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E03

Chinese

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trad. 七
simp. # 七
alternative forms 柒 financial
𠀁 ancient
桼 financial; ancient

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 七
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing) Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script Ming typeface
j29812
j29813
j29814
j29815
j29816
j29817
j29818
j29819
j29820
j29821
b19909
b19910
b19911
b19912
b19913
b19914
b19915
b19916
b19917
b19918
b19919
b19920
b19921
b19922
s10922
Transcribed ancient scripts
L25769
L25770
L25771
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (七) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
切 *sn̥ʰiːds, *sn̥ʰiːd
砌 *sʰiːds
沏 *sʰiːd
七 *sn̥ʰid
柒 *sn̥ʰid
叱 *n̥ʰjid

Pictogram (象形) – a vertical stroke and a horizontal stroke bisecting each other – original character of 切 (OC *sn̥ʰiːds, *sn̥ʰiːd, “to cut”).

The top-most horizontal stroke is done from left to right. The vertical stroke and bottom-most horizontal stroke are done as one stroke, from top-left to bottom-right.

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ni-s (“seven”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note: qí - a variant (and regional) sandhi tone when it occurs before fourth-tone syllables.
Note:
  • chhit - literary;
  • chhiak - vernacular.
Note: cêg4 - Jieyang.
Note: 1chiau (Chongming), 1tshia (Songjiang, Chuansha) - as in 七八個／个.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 七
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰi²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕʰji⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰi³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡sʰiʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sʰiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰiʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡sʰi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰi²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰit̚¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /t͡sʰɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰit̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰi²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰik̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sit̚⁵/
Rime
Character 七
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 質 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 親吉切
Baxter tshit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰit̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰit̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰiĕt̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cat1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 七
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[tsʰ]i[t]/
English seven

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 七
Reading # 1/1
No. 9910
Phonetic
component 		七
Rime
group 		質
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		七
Old
Chinese 		/*sn̥ʰid/

Definitions

[edit]

七

  1. seven
  2. (printing) agate: The size of type between 小六 (xiǎoliù, “little 6”) and 八 (bā, “8”), standardized as 5½ point.

See also

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  • 拐 (guǎi) (in radio communications)
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写) 		〇, 零, 空 一, 蜀 二, 兩／两 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万,
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) 		百萬／百万,
桶(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines) 		億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写) 		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (七):
  • → Japanese: 七(しち) (shichi); 七(しつ) (shitsu)
  • → Korean: 칠(七) (chil)
  • → Vietnamese: thất (七)

Others:

References

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 七 – see 𨳍 (“penis; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 𨳍).

Japanese

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Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  6 7 8  > 
    Cardinal : 七

Kanji

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七

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. seven
  2. seventh
  3. seven times

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
七
なな
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese 七 (nana), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *nana.

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) なな [náꜜnà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA(key): [na̠na̠]
  • Audio:(file)

Usage notes

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  • In modern Japanese, Japonic なな (nana) is more common than Sinitic しち (shichi) (see Etymology 2) outside fixed compounds, which is similar to 四 (yo) but different from other numerals. The reason may be a superstitious connection to 死 (shi, “death”), or simply avoiding confusion with the similar sounding 一 (ichi) and 四 (shi).

Numeral

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七(なな) • (nana) 

  1. seven, 7
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Noun

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七(なな) • (nana) 

  1. a seven
  2. a gambler
Derived terms
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Proper noun

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七(なな) • (Nana) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
七
しち
Grade: 1
goon

From Middle Chinese 七 (MC tshit).

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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七(しち) • (shichi) 

  1. seven, 7
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
七
な
Grade: 1
irregular

Shortening from nana above.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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七(な) • (na) 

  1. (colloquial) seven, 7

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
七
ちー
Grade: 1
irregular

Borrowed from Mandarin 七 (qī).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Numeral

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七(チー) • (chī) 

  1. seven, 7
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Coordinate terms

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Japanese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Regular 零(れい) (rei)
零(ゼロ) (zero) 		一(いち) (ichi) 二(に) (ni) 三(さん) (san) 四(よん) (yon)
四(し) (shi) 		五(ご) (go) 六(ろく) (roku) 七(なな) (nana)
七(しち) (shichi) 		八(はち) (hachi) 九(きゅう) (kyū)
九(く) (ku) 		十(じゅう) (jū)
Formal 壱(いち) (ichi) 弐(に) (ni) 参(さん) (san) 拾(じゅう) (jū)
90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
Regular 九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū) 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku) 		三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千(せん) (sen)
一(いっ)千(せん) (issen) 		三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen) 八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen) 一(いち)万(まん) (ichiman) 一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
Formal 一(いち)萬(まん) (ichiman)
1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō) 八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō) 十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō) 一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei) 六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei) 八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei) 十(じゅっ)京(けい) (jukkei) 百(ひゃっ)京(けい) (hyakkei)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 七 (MC tshit).

Historical readings


Korean numbers (edit)
70
 ←  6 7 8  → 
    Native isol.: 일곱 (ilgop)
    Native attr.: 일곱 (ilgop)
    Sino-Korean: 칠 (chil)
    Hanja: 七
    Ordinal: 일곱째 (ilgopjjae)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

七 (eumhun 일곱 칠 (ilgop chil))

  1. hanja form? of 칠 (“seven”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Old Japanese

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Old Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  6 7 8  > 
    Cardinal : 七
    Ordinal : 七つ

Etymology

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From Proto-Japonic *nana.

Numeral

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七 (nana) (kana なな)

  1. seven, 7
    • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 15:
      夜麻登能(やまとの)多加佐士怒袁(たかさじのを)那那(なな)由久(ゆく)袁登賣杼母(をとめども)多禮袁志摩加牟(たれをしまかむ) [Man'yōgana]
      大和(やまと)の高(たか)佐士野(さじの)をなな行(ゆ)くをとめども誰(たれ)をし枕(ま)かむ [Modern spelling]
      Yamato no Takasajino o nana yuku otome-domo tare o shi makamu
      (please add an English translation of this example)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Japanese: 七 (nana)

References

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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七: Hán Việt readings: thất (戚(thích)悉(tất)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
七: Nôm readings: thất[2], sất[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of thất (“(only in compounds) seven”).

Derived terms

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Compounds

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ^ Trần (2004).
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