일곱

Jeju

**Jeju numbers ^(edit)**
	70^{[a], [b], [c], [d]}
^{[a], [b]} ← 6	7	8 → ^{[a], [b], [c]}
Native isol.: 일곱 (ilgop) Native attr.: 일곱 (ilgop) Sino: 칠 (chil) Ordinal: 일곱체 (ilgopche) Number of days: 일뤠 (illwe)

Etymology

Likely from Middle Korean 닐굽〮 (nìlkwúp) and cognate with Korean 일곱 (ilgop).

Pronunciation

(Morphophonemic) IPA^(key): ⫽ilkop⫽
(Jeju City) IPA^(key): [iɭɡop̚]
Phonetic hangul: [일곱]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	ilgop
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	ilgob
Yale Romanization^?	ilkwop

Numeral

일곱 (ilgop)

(native numeral) seven
Synonym: (Sino-Korean) 칠 (chil)

Derived terms

일고ᄋᆢᄃᆞᆸ (ilgoyawdawp, “about seven or eight”)
일곱 각 (ilgop gak)
일곱ᄃᆞᆯ둥이 (ilgopdawldung'i, “premature baby born at 7 months”)
일곱물 (ilgommul)
일곱부사리 (ilgopbusari)

Related terms

예슬곱 (yeseulgop, “about six or seven”)
예슬웨 (yeseurwe, “about six or seven days”)

Noun

일곱 (ilgop)

seven years of age (for cows)
Near-synonym: (for horses) 칠수 (chilsu)

References

송상조 [songsangjo] (2023) “일곱”, in 20세기 제주말 큰사전 [20segi jejumal keunsajeon], 한국문화사 [han'gungmunhwasa], →ISBN, page 648

제주문화예술재단 [jejumunhwayesuljaedan] (2009) “일곱”, in 개정증보 제주어사전 [gaejeongjeungbo jejueosajeon]‎^[1], 제주특별자치도 [jejuteukbyeoljachido], →ISBN, page 720

Korean

**Korean numbers ^(edit)**
	70
← 6	7	8 →
Native isol.: 일곱 (ilgop) Native attr.: 일곱 (ilgop) Sino-Korean: 칠 (chil) Hanja: 七 Ordinal: 일곱째 (ilgopjjae)

Etymology

First attested in the Jīlín lèishì (鷄林類事 / 계림유사), 1103, as Late Old Korean 一急 */ʔiɪt̚ kiɪp̚/. In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 닐굽〮 (Yale: nìlkwúp).

Beyond this, the reconstruction of the ancestral Koreanic root for "seven" is difficult. See a list of relevant attestations and forms in Appendix:Historical Koreanic numerals#Seven.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [iɭɡo̞p̚]
Phonetic hangul: [일곱]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization^?	ilgop
Revised Romanization (translit.)^?	ilgob
McCune–Reischauer^?	ilgop
Yale Romanization^?	il.kop

Number

일곱 • (ilgop)

(native numeral) seven
Synonym: 칠(七) (“seven”, Sino-Korean numeral)

Usage notes

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.

The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.

Native classifiers take native numerals.

개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)

Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.

종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)

Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.

일 킬로미터 (il killomiteo, “one kilometer”, Sino-Korean numeral)

For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.

세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)

When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.

하나만 더 주세 요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)

While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

Derived terms

일고여덟 (ilgoyeodeol, “about seven or eight”)
일곱 끝소리 되기 (ilgop kkeutsori doegi)
일곱가락 (ilgopgarak)
일곱모 (ilgommo, “heptagon”)
일곱무날 (ilgommunal)
일곱물 (ilgommul)
일곱이레 (ilgobire)
(North Korea) 일곱점무당벌레 (ilgopjeommudangbeolle, “seven-spotted ladybug”)

Related terms

예니레 (yenire, “about six or seven days”)
예닐고 (yenilgo, “about six or seven”)
이레 (ire, “seven days”)
일여드레 (iryeodeure, “about seven or eight days”)