pa

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "pa"
Languages (70)
Translingual • English
Afrikaans • Albanian • Anuta • Aragonese • Arritinngithigh • Asturian • Basque • Big Nambas • Breton • Catalan • Cebuano • Chut • Classical Nahuatl • Dakota • Dutch • Esperanto • Fala • Galician • Garo • Guaraní • Gun • Haitian Creole • Hiw • Hokkien • Japanese • Kabuverdianu • K'iche' • Koro (India) • Latvian • Liangmai Naga • Louisiana Creole • Luba-Kasai • Macanese • Mandarin • Middle English • Mokilese • Mono (California) • Muong • Nguôn • Occitan • Old Prussian • Old Tupi • Palu'e • Papiamentu • Polish • Ponosakan • Portuguese • Romanian • Sassarese • Serbo-Croatian • Shona • Skou • Slavomolisano • Slovene • Spanish • Sumerian • Swahili • Tagalog • Tho • Tshobdun • Walloon • Welsh • West Makian • Wutunhua • Yola • Yoruba • Zazaki • Zou
Page categories

Translingual

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Symbol

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pa

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Punjabi.

English

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Etymology 1

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Clipping of papa.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pa (plural pas)

  1. (colloquial) Father, papa.
    Synonyms: da (Irish), dad, daddy, papa, pater, pappy, pop, poppy
    Coordinate term: ma
  2. (colloquial) Grandpa, grandfather.
    Synonyms: grandpapa, grandpappy, grandpop, grandpoppy, pappy, pop, poppy; big daddy (dialectal)
Usage notes
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  • Often capitalized when used to refer to a specific person; see Pa.
Hey, Pa, I'd like you to meet my friend Jamie.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Maori pā.

Noun

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pa (plural pas)

  1. (New Zealand, now historical) A fortified Maori settlement, especially of pre-European times. [from 19th c.]
    • 2020, Sujit Sivasundaram, Waves Across the South, William Collins, published 2021, page 68:
      A pa or Māori defence fortification appears at a height on the hill above the bay.
  2. (New Zealand) Any Maori village or settlement; a kainga. [from 19th c.]
Alternative forms
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Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Etymology

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From Dutch.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pa (plural pa's)

  1. dad, father

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Albanian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Albanian *apa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”). Cognate to Messapic [script needed] (apa, “from, out of, by”),[1] Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, “away, off”), Sanskrit अप (apá).

Preposition

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pa (+ accusative)

  1. without, minus
  2. not counting, even without counting

[2]

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Particle

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pa

  1. (before imperatives) attenuates a command or suggestion
    Pa më thuaj ― Tell me

References

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  1. ^ W. B. Lockwood, A Panorama of Indo-European languages, Hutchinson, 1972, p. 185
  2. ^ Leonard Newmark's Online Albanian Dictionary

Anuta

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Etymology

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From Proto-Polynesian *fa, from Proto-Oceanic *pat, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

Numeral

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pa

  1. four

Aragonese

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Alternative forms

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  • ta (chistavín, benasqués)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈpa/
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: pa

Preposition

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pa

  1. for, to (expressing a recipient)
    La zagala va crompar un regalo de nadal ta yo.
    The girl bought a Christmas gift for me.
    M'aganaría de fer un truco de machia pa vusaltros.
    I'd like to perform a magic trick for you all.
  2. to, in order to, so, for (expressing the intended purpose of an action)
    Estudio cada nueit sin descansar pa conseguir un treballo decent.
    I study every night tirelessly so that I get a decent job.
    Saldré luego pa evitar el trafico.
    I am going to leave early to avoid traffic.
  3. by, due, due on, due by (expressing a deadline)
    Necesito la tuya decisión pa esta semana.
    I need your decision by this week.
    Es vuestros treballos grupals son ta'l viernes.
    Your group projects are due on Friday.
  4. for (expressing contrast from what is expected)
    Pa estar un turista estadounidense, él ye prou respetuoso.
    For an American tourist, he is pretty respectful.
  5. for, to, in one's opinion, as far as one is concerned (expressing an opinion, perception or perspective)
    Pa yo, las rosas bllancas son més bonicas que las royas.
    For me, the white roses are more beautiful than the red ones.
    Pa'l mio germano, la suya muller tien tota la razón.
    As far as my brother is concerned, his wife is totally in the right.
    Vam treballar pa la mesma empresa encara que no al mesmo tiempo.
    We worked for the same company but not at the same time.
    Ella treballó pa Microsoft muitos anyos, pero agora treballa pa Apple.
    She worked for Microsoft for many years, but now she works for Apple.

Arritinngithigh

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Noun

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pa

  1. liver

References

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  • Claire Bowern, Harold James Koch, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method (2004), page 411

Asturian

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Etymology

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Compare Spanish pa, a contracted form of para.

Preposition

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pa

  1. for

Usage notes

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  • The preposition pa contracts to p' before a word beginning with a- or ha-: p'Asturies (for Asturias), p'haber (for to have)

Derived terms

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Basque

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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pa inan

  1. kiss

Big Nambas

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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pa

  1. small

References

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Breton

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Conjunction

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pa

  1. when, if

Catalan

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Catalan pa (attested at least once as pan), from Latin pānis, possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to graze, feed”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pa m (plural pans)

  1. bread

Derived terms

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References

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Cebuano

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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pa (Badlit spelling ᜉ)

  1. (after an adjective) marks that something is/was still the case when eventually it wouldn't be so; is still
    Antonym: na
    katong puti pa ang balay
    when the house was still colored white
    bag-o pa ni nga teknolohiya
    this technology is still brand new
  2. (after verb in the inchoative[1] aspect) indicates that the action is still ongoing; still (imperfect aspect)
    Synonym: gihapon
    niadto pa siya ― he is still (in the process of) going
    1. (+ negator "wala") indicates that an action has not yet happened; yet
      wala pa siya nikaon ― he has not yet eaten
  3. (after verb in the prospective aspect) indicates obligation or requirement to do the action; still have to
    moadto pa siya ― he still has to go
    1. (+ negator "dili") indicates that an an action will not be performed soon, but much later; will not ... for now
      dili pa siya moinom ― he wouldn't drink (alcohol) for now
  4. (after an adjective, usually with mas) used in expressing the comparative degree of adjectives; more, -er
    Murag (mas) taas pa ang punuan sa balay. ― The tree looks taller than the house.
    Mas gikapoy pa ka nako. ― You are more tired than me.

Adjective

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pa (Badlit spelling ᜉ)

  1. (after pronouns or names) indicates continuation in the performance of a task by the person as mentioned
    Antonym: na
    ikaw pa ― it's still your turn
    si Tonyo pa ― it's still Tonyo's turn

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ encompasses the complete and progressive aspects: the mi-, nag-, gi- form


Chut

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Etymology

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From Proto-Vietic *paː; cognate with Vietnamese ba.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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pa

  1. three

Classical Nahuatl

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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pā

  1. (transitive) To dye

References

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  • Andrews, J. Richard (2003) Workbook for Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, revised edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, page 244
  • Karttunen, Frances (1983) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 182

Dakota

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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pa

  1. head

References

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Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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pa m (plural pa's, diminutive paatje n)

  1. pa, dad

Descendants

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  • → Papiamentu: pachi (from the diminutive)

Esperanto

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Interjection

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pa

  1. pah

Fala

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Etymology

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From Old Galician-Portuguese pera.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /pa/
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: pa

Preposition

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pa

  1. to (indicates application of an adjective)
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 3: Radós:
      A radón mais grandi pa defendela é que é nossa LENGUA MATERNA, a “primeira lengua que un indivíduu aprendi de maneira ínnconscienti duranti a sua infancia” i en ela han aprindiu a idel as primeiras palabras […]
      The greatest reason to defend it is that it is our NATIVE LANGUAGE, the “first language that an individual learns in an unconscious manner during his infancy” and in it learned how to say his first words […]
  2. for (directed at, intended to belong to or to be appropriate for)
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 4: ¿Guerras, moas?:
      Encontramus opiniós pa tos os gustus.
      We found opinions for every taste.
  3. to, towards (indicates destination)
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme IX, Chapter 4: ¿Fala transerrana?:
      I nos, inda hoxii, con autonomía i tó siguimus idendu: “Vo pa Castilla”, […]
      And to this day we, with autonomy and everything, keep on saying: “I’ll go to Castille”, […]

References

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  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Galician

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Galician-Portuguese paa, from Latin pāla (“shovel, spade”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pa f (plural pas)

  1. shovel; spade (tool for digging and moving material)
  2. windmill blade
  3. the end of a paddle or oar with the blade
  4. (anatomy, zootomy) incisor

References

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Garo

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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pa

  1. father

Guaraní

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Adjective

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pa

  1. (cardinal number) ten

Derived terms

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Gun

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Etymology 1

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Preposition

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pá (Nigeria)

  1. towards

Etymology 2

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Cognates include Saxwe Gbe kpà, Adja kpa, Fon kpà

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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pà (Nigeria)

  1. to cut, specifically hair
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Cognates include Saxwe Gbe kpà, Adja kpa, Fon kpà

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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pà (Nigeria)

  1. to praise

Haitian Creole

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Etymology

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From French pas.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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pa

  1. not

Usage notes

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  • Double negatives (e.g. pa ... janm or pa ... anyen) are grammatically correct in Haitian Creole.

Hiw

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Verb

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pa

  1. to finish, (be brought to an) end

Further reading

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  • Alexandre François, Pragmatic demotion and clause dependency: On two atypical subordinating strategies in the Lo-Toga and Hiw (Torres, Vanuatu) (2010), in Clause Linking and Clause Hierarchy (edited by Isabelle Bril)

Hokkien

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For pronunciation and definitions of pa – see 吧.
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 吧).

Japanese

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Romanization

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pa

  1. The hiragana syllable ぱ (pa) or the katakana syllable パ (pa) in Hepburn romanization.

Kabuverdianu

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Etymology

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From Portuguese para.

Preposition

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pa

  1. for
  2. to

K'iche'

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Preposition

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pa

  1. in
  2. at
  3. on
  4. to
  5. into
  6. toward
  7. from
  8. during

References

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Koro (India)

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Noun

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pa

  1. arrow

Latvian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó. Balto-Slavic cognates include Lithuanian pa-, Old Prussian pa-, po-, Proto-Slavic *po.

Preposition

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pa (with accusative or dative)

  1. on
  2. along
    iet pa ceļu ― to walk along the road
  3. to
  4. in
  5. through
  6. during
    pa naktīm ― during night
  7. by
    pa pastu ― by post
  8. over
    pa radio ― over the radio

Liangmai Naga

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Pronoun

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pa (dual panai, plural paliu)

  1. he, she

Louisiana Creole

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from French pas (“step, pace, footstep”).

Noun

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pa

  1. (a) step, (a) pace, (a) footstep

Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Probably inherited from French "papa" or similar.”) Compare Louisiana Creole Pa (“Brer”).

Noun

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pa

  1. (a) father, (a) dad
    Synonyms: pær, pap, papa, papi, pè, pèr, popa

Etymology 3

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Inherited from French pas (“not”).

Adverb

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pa

  1. Most common adverb of negation in Louisiana Creole, typically translating into English as not, don't, doesn't, etc.
    Çé pa jist. ― It's not fair.
    To pa ka trouvé mô shyin? ― You can't find my dog?
Derived terms
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Luba-Kasai

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Verb

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pa

  1. to give

Macanese

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Portuguese para and pra. Compare Kabuverdianu, Papiamentu pa.

Preposition

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pa

  1. to
    Iou muto querê pa vôs ― I love you very much (literally, “I very much love to you”)
    metê limam pa tirâ amiz ― add lemon to remove the unpleasant flavour
  2. for
    águ pa banhâ ― bathwater (literally, “water for bathing”)
    sô pa iou ― only for me
    passâ iou pa mentiroso ― to take me for a liar
  3. towards, into
    dâ ung'a tricada pa águ ― to jump into the water

References

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Mandarin

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Romanization

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pa

  1. Nonstandard spelling of pā.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of pá.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of pà.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English

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Noun

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pa

  1. Alternative form of po

Mokilese

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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pa

  1. to weave

Mono (California)

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Etymology

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From Proto-Numic *pa from Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa.

Noun

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pa

  1. water

Muong

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Muong cardinal numbers
 <  2 3 4  > 
    Cardinal : pa

Etymology

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From Proto-Vietic *paː; cognate with Vietnamese ba.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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pa

  1. three

Nguôn

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Etymology

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From Proto-Vietic *paː; cognate with Vietnamese ba.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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pa

  1. three

Occitan

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Adverb

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pa

  1. not (indicates negation)

Old Prussian

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Etymology

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From the Proto-Indo-European root *upo- (“under, up”).

Preposition

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pa

  1. under

Adverb

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pa

  1. under

Old Tupi

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Adverb

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pa

  1. Lamy spelling of pá

Palu'e

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Etymology

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From Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əpat, from Proto-Austronesian *Səpat.

Numeral

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pa

  1. four

Papiamentu

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Etymology

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From Portuguese para and Spanish para and Kabuverdianu pa.

Preposition

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pa

  1. to
  2. for
  3. by

Polish

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Etymology

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Onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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pa

  1. (familiar) bye

Derived terms

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interjection

Further reading

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  • pa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • pa in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Ponosakan

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *pa (“still, yet, til now, first (before doing something else)”). Cognate with Tagalog pa (“yet”), Mongondow -pa (“still”).

Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /pa/

Adverb

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pa

  1. still;
    Notiyuh pa siya. ― He's still sleeping.
  2. more
  3. yet (with a negative)
  4. first

Further reading

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  • J. W. Lobel (2015 December) “Ponosakan: A Dying Language of Northeastern Sulawesi”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 54, number 2, University of Hawai'i Press, pages 396–435

Portuguese

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Etymology

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Syncopic form of para.

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: pa

Preposition

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pa

  1. (colloquial) Syncopic form of para

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Hungarian pá.

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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pa

  1. bye
    Synonym: la revedere

Sassarese

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Preposition

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pa

  1. Alternative spelling of pa'

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Common South Slavic; compare Slovene pa, Bulgarian па (pa). See also pa-.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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pa (Cyrillic spelling па)

  1. (and) then
    Synonym: ȍndā
    prvo ću skočiti ja, pa ti ― I'll jump first, (and) then you
    učenje pa odmor pa zabava ― learning, then rest, then fun
  2. (and) so, therefore
    Synonym: stȍgā
    Potrošio sam sav novac, pa sam se morao vratiti kući. ― I've spent all of my money, so I had to go back home.
  3. (with da or màkar) even if, even though, although
  4. (with ȉpāk) (and, but) yet, still
    bogat je, pa ipak usamljen ― he's rich, but still lonely
  5. (with da + i) even if

Particle

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pa (Cyrillic spelling па)

  1. so, so what
    Pa? ― So what?
  2. (for emphasis) well, so
    Pa dobro! ― All right, then!
    Pa što je s tobom? ― What's with you?
    Pa i ne baš ― Well, not exactly
    Pa što onda? ― So what?
  3. (regional, for emphasis) even
    Pa i moja baba već zna da to nije istina! ― Even my grandma knows that that is not true!

Shona

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Etymology

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From Proto-Bantu *-páa.

Verb

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-pá (infinitive kupá)

  1. to give

Skou

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Noun

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pa

  1. water
    Móenòeng pe tue e tue pa.
    There are crocodiles in the water.

References

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  • Donohue, Mark. Rópu we te máwo pílang te: Skou dictionary draft. s.l. 80pp. (2002).

Slavomolisano

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Etymology

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From Serbo-Croatian pa.

Pronunciation

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Particle

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pa

  1. well, so
    • 2010, Luigi Peca, La guerre à Acquaviva:
      Alora pa, ka biša gvera, ka pa je rivala kurta nasa ova gvera, mi, tuna žene aš ljuda, te ljuda veča… ka bihu veča zdrave – nò? mahu sa po hranit.
      Well then, during the war, when this war came close to us, we, all the women and men, the men (who were) more… who were healthier – you know? had to hide themselves.

References

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  • Breu, W., Mader Skender, M. B. & Piccoli, G. 2013. Oral texts in Molise Slavic (Italy): Acquaviva Collecroce. In Adamou, E., Breu, W., Drettas, G. & Scholze, L. (eds.). 2013. EuroSlav2010: Elektronische Datenbank bedrohter slavischer Varietäten in nichtslavophonen Ländern Europas – Base de données électronique de variétés slaves menacées dans des pays européens non slavophones. Konstanz: Universität / Paris: Lacito (Internet Publication).

Slovene

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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pa

  1. and
    Jaz pa ti. ― Me and you.
  2. but
    Je dober, ne pa najbolši. ― He is good but not the best.
  3. so
    Zaspal je, pa je zamudil šolo. ― He overslept, so he was late for school.

Spanish

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Noun

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pa m (plural pas)

  1. (Latin America) Clipping of papá: dad; pop; papa

Preposition

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pa

  1. Alternative form of pa'

See also

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References

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  • Among the places this form is used is southern Arizona, per Anita Calneh Post, Southern Arizona Spanish phonology (1934), page 36: "The commonest loss of intervocalic r in southern Arizona is in para, which is always pa ..."

Further reading

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Sumerian

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Romanization

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pa

  1. Romanization of 𒉺 (pa)

Swahili

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Bantu *-páa.

Verb

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-pa (no plain infinitive)

  1. to give to (someone)
    Nimewapa kitabu. ― I have given them a book.
    Nijawapa kitabu. ― I have not yet given them a book.
Conjugation
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Conjugation of -pa (obligatory object concord)
Subjunctive -pe
Negative -pi
Object concord
Indicative positive
Singular Plural
1st person -nipa -tupa
2nd person -kupa -wapa/-kupeni/-wapeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpa -wapa
other classes —
Reflexive -jipa
Subjunctive
Singular Plural
1st person -nipe -tupe
2nd person -kupe -wape
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpe -wape
other classes —
Reflexive -jipe
Indicative negative
Singular Plural
1st person -nipi -tupi
2nd person -kupi -wapi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpi -wapi
other classes —
Reflexive -jipi
Relative forms general positive (positive subject concord + object concord + -pa- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -paye -pao
m-mi(III/IV) -pao -payo
ji-ma(V/VI) -palo -payo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -pacho -pavyo
n(IX/X) -payo -pazo
u(XI) -pao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -pako
pa(XVI) -papo
mu(XVIII) -pamo
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Particle

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pa

  1. Pa class inflected form of -a.

Tagalog

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *pa (“still, yet, til now, first (before doing something else)”). Cognate with Cebuano pa (“id”), Malagasy fa (“for, but, therefore, because, that”).

Adverb

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pa (Baybayin spelling ᜉ)

  1. yet
    Hindi pa niya binuhay ang sinaing.
    He hasn't turned the rice cooker on yet.
  2. still; eventually; in the future
    Buhay pa ang bintilador; bakit hindi mo 'to pinatay?
    The fan is still on; why didn't you turn it off?
  3. in addition, too
  4. in the past
  5. even
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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See also
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Etymology 2

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Influenced by Baybayin character ᜉ (pa).

Noun

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pa (Baybayin spelling ᜉ)

  1. the name of the Latin-script letter P/p, in the Abakada alphabet
    Synonyms: (in the Filipino alphabet) pi, (in the Abecedario) pe
See also
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Etymology 3

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Noun

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pa (Baybayin spelling ᜉ)

  1. (informal, familiar, childish) Clipping of papa.
    Synonyms: papa, ama, tatay, itay, tay, tatang
    Coordinate term: ma

Further reading

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  • “pa”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Anagrams

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Tho

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Tho cardinal numbers
 <  2 3 4  > 
    Cardinal : pa

Etymology

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From Proto-Vietic *paː; cognate with Vietnamese ba, Muong pa.

Pronunciation

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Numeral

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pa

  1. three

Tshobdun

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Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷak.

Noun

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pa

  1. pig

Further reading

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  • Jackson T. S. Sun, Typology of Generic-Person Making in Tshobdun Rgyalrong (2014)

Walloon

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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pa m (plural pas)

  1. father

Coordinate terms

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Welsh

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Celtic *kʷid, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷid (compare *kʷis); compare Latin quid, Old Irish cid, Modern Irish cad, Cornish py, pe.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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pa

  1. (interrogative, archaic) what

Determiner

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pa

  1. which
    Synonym: pwy

Derived terms

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Usage notes

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  • The usage of pa as an interrogative has been rendered obsolete by the modern word beth, which derives from the phrase pa beth, meaning literally ‘what thing’.
  • pa as a determiner tends to be replaced by pwy in Southern Welsh.

West Makian

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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pa

  1. (transitive, with ta-) to request, ask for
    tapa ampong te ni ― I ask you for forgiveness
Conjugation
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Conjugation of pa (action verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person tapa mapa apa
2nd person napa fapa
3rd person inanimate ipa dapa
animate
imperative napa, pa fapa, pa

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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pa

  1. Alternative form of papa (“female”)

References

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  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎[2], Pacific linguistics
  • James Collins (1982) Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎[3], Pacific linguistics

Wutunhua

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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pa

  1. friend

References

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  • Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎[4], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN

Yola

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Preposition

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pa

.===Pronunciation===

  • /pa/
  1. Aphetic form of apaa
    • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 60:
      Pa ooree; Pa cawl.
      Upon each other; Upon the horse.
    • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 69:
      Pa sthit.
      Upon the filly.
    • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 78:
      A wuf is pa varreen.
      The gad is on the headland.

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 60

Yoruba

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Etymology 1

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Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *kpa, possibly a Doublet of kú

Pronunciation

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Verb

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pa

  1. (transitive) to kill
    Ẹ fẹ́ pa mí ni!?
    You want to kill me!?
    1. (transitive) to murder
      Ó pa ìyàwó ẹ̀.
      He murdered his wife.
    2. (transitive) to execute
    3. (transitive) to switch off, to turn off
      Má gbàgbé láti máa pa tẹlifíṣọ̀n.
      Don't forget to turn off the television.
    4. (transitive) to extinguish
      A dúpẹ́ pé wọ́n pa iná kó tó jó odindi ilé tán pátá.
      Thankfully the fire was extinguished before it burnt the whole house down.
    5. (transitive) to stop, to terminate
      Wọ́n pa ìlù.
      They stopped the drumming.
  2. (transitive) to pain, to kill
    Yéè! Ẹsẹ̀ yìí fẹ́ pa mí o!
    Ouch! My feet are killing me!
    1. (transitive) to disturb
      Ebi ń pa mí.
      Hunger is disturbing me.
      (I am hungry)
    2. (transitive) to intoxicate
      Ọtí ń pa wọ́n.
      Alchohol is intoxicating them.
      (They are drunk)
  3. (transitive) to open, to smash open, to thresh
    Ẹ bá mi pa obì yìí.
    Help me open this kola nut.
    Ó pa ọkà.
    He threshed the corn.
  4. (transitive) to hatch
    Adìyẹ mi ti pa ọmọ
    My hen's hatched chicks
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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pa

  1. (transitive) to tell, to convey
    Irọ́ l'o ń pa o! ― You're telling a lie!
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Compare with Igbo kpa

Pronunciation

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Verb

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pa

  1. (transitive) to rub
    Mo máa ń fi òrí pa ọwọ́ mi ― I use shea butter to moisturize my hands
  2. (transitive) to scorch, to drench, to beat usually in relation to weather
    Òjò ń pa mí. ― Rain is drenching me.
    Òjò ń pa òrùlé. ― The rain is beating the roof.
    Oòrùn ń pa mí. ― The sun is beating me.

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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pa

  1. to gain, to make
    1. to earn (money)
      Wọn kì í pa owó látinú iṣẹ́ yìí. ― They don't make money from doing such work.
      Ọbẹ̀ tó dùn, owó ló pa á ― A delicious stew; money is what earnt it

Etymology 5

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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pa

  1. to be in a state, defined by a following adverb
    Òkun pa rọ́rọ́. ― The sea is calm.
Derived terms
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Etymology 6

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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pa

  1. to be tight
    Mo dè é pa ― I screwed it tight
Derived terms
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Etymology 7

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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pá

  1. to be bald
    Ó pá lórí. ― He's bald on the head.
    (He is bald)
Derived terms
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Zazaki

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (“foot”), cognates include Sanskrit पद् (pád), Latin pes (French pied), German Fuß, English foot.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pa

  1. (anatomy) leg, foot

Zou

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Kuki-Chin *paa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pa. Cognates include Chinese 爸 (bà) and Tibetan པ་ཕ (pa pha).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pá

  1. father
  2. grandfather

Etymology 2

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Perhaps related to Etymology 1.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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pa

  1. cousin

References

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  • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 60
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