From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
This is a Swadesh list of words in Senhaja De Srair English .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
No.
English
Senhaja De Srair
1
I
nek(k) , nekki
2
you (singular)
ḵeǧ (m ḵem(m) ,kemmi(n) (f
3
he , she , it
netta (m nțțaṯa (f
4
we
nekni , nukni
5
you (plural)
ḵunni , ḵenniw(i) (m ḵennamṯi (f
6
they
nehnim , neṯnin , ntami , ntamṯi (f
7
this
waḏ , -ad , -yya
8
that
aḏin , -yyen
9
here
ḏi
10
there
ḏin
11
who
škun , emmen (interrogative)
12
what
škun (interrogative)
13
where
ani ,gani (interrogative)
14
when
fuqaš , faywaḫ , melmi (interrogative)
15
how
ḵa (interrogative)
16
not
ur
17
all
kulši
18
many
cella , bezzaf
19
some
?
20
few
?
21
other
wayeḏ̣ , yaḏ̣en (m ṯayeḏ̣ (f
22
one
yiwen , yan , waḥeḏ
23
two
žuž
24
three
tlaṯa
25
four
ṛebɛa
26
five
xemsa
27
big
meqquṛ
28
long
ṭwil
29
wide
wasɛ
30
thick
ɣliḏ̣
31
heavy
ṭqil
32
small
meččiḵ , imeẓẓiyen
33
short
qṣir
34
narrow
?
35
thin
rqiq
36
woman
ṯemɣarṯ
37
man (adult male)
argaz , aryaz
38
man (human being)
bnadm
39
child
arba
40
wife
ṯemɣarṯ
41
husband
argaz , aryaz
42
mother
yemma
43
father
baba
44
animal
elhaiša
45
fish
aslem
46
bird
afrux
47
dog
aherḏan , aqezzun
48
louse
irket
49
snake
ifiɣer
50
worm
tiwekkit , takeča
51
tree
ṯasaft , taseklut , taskyut
52
forest
amayu
53
stick
ṯahraw(ḵ)ṯ
54
fruit
ddisir
55
seed
ẓẓriɛa
56
leaf
afer , afriw
57
root
aẓar
58
bark (of a tree)
?
59
flower
?
60
grass
ṛṛbiɛ
61
rope
aṣɣun
62
skin
žželd
63
meat
llḥem , aksum
64
blood
ddem
65
bone
iɣeṣ
66
fat (noun)
?
67
egg
tagfilṯ , ṯifilṯ
68
horn
askaw
69
tail
ažeṛṛin
70
feather
?
71
hair
ššaɛṛ
72
head
azellif
73
ear
amezzug , ṯimzgeț
74
eye
walln (pl)
75
nose
ṯinzarṯ , anzar
76
mouth
imi
77
tooth
aferrum
78
tongue (organ)
ils , iyyes
79
fingernail
iḵmez
80
foot
aḏ̣ar
81
leg
aḏ̣ar
82
knee
afuḏ
83
hand
afus
84
wing
afar
85
belly
ṯaḥebbuṭ
86
guts
?
87
neck
ṯamggarṯ , lɛunq
88
back
?
89
breast
?
90
heart
uy(yi) , ul , lqelb
91
liver
ṯasa
92
to drink
su
93
to eat
šš
94
to bite
[[]]
95
to suck
ssum , llaɣ , lḥes
96
to spit
dfel
97
to vomit
[[]]
98
to blow
suḍ , suff
99
to breathe
[[]]
100
to laugh
ḍes
101
to see
ẓeṛ
102
to hear
sell
103
to know
ssen
104
to think
ḍḍen
105
to smell
[[]]
106
to fear
ḵṣud
107
to sleep
ṭṭeṣ
108
to live
ɛic
109
to die
mmet
110
to kill
naɣ
111
to fight
qatel , iẓi
112
to hunt
?
113
to hit
wwet
114
to cut
ɣreṣ , qeṭṭaɛ ,gzem
115
to split
ršaq
116
to stab
117
to scratch
kmez
118
to dig
ɣez
119
to swim
ɛum
120
to fly
ferfer
121
to walk
ddu
122
to come
as , arwaḥ
123
to lie (as in a bed)
?
124
to sit
qqim , skurem
125
to stand
bedd
126
to turn (intransitive)
[[]]
127
to fall
ḏer , bḏu , wḏu
128
to give
ekk
129
to hold
?
130
to squeeze
?
131
to rub
ḵmez
132
to wash
?
133
to wipe
?
134
to pull
?
135
to push
ngi
136
to throw
?
137
to tie
šedd
138
to sew
xiyyeḏ̣
139
to count
ḥseb
140
to say
ini , qqaṛ
141
to sing
ɣenni
142
to play
ɛyaṛ
143
to float
?
144
to flow
?
145
to freeze
glaṣi
146
to swell
uff
147
sun
tafukt
148
moon
?
149
star
iṯri
150
water
aman
151
rain
anẓar , ṯimeqqiṯ
152
river
asif
153
lake
?
154
sea
lbḥer
155
salt
lmelḥ
156
stone
aẓru
157
sand
ṛṛmel
158
dust
lɣebṛa
159
earth
aḵal , aḵay , aḵaž
160
cloud
?
161
fog
ṯaggʷuṯ , ṯawweṯ
162
sky
genna , ssema
163
wind
leɛwan
164
snow
aḏfi
165
ice
agris
166
smoke
duxxan
167
fire
ṯimssi , lɛafya
168
ash
?
169
to burn
ḥraq
170
road
izerf
171
mountain
aḏrar
172
red
azeggʷaɣ , ḥmeṛ
173
green
azegzaw , xdeṛ
174
yellow
ṣfeṛ
175
white
melluy
176
black
aberḵan , kḥḥel
177
night
llil
178
day
nhar
179
year
ɛam
180
warm
sxun
181
cold
iṣmeṭ , aṣemmiḏ̣ (noun)
182
full
ɛamṛ
183
new
žḏiḏ
184
old
qdim
185
good
mzyan
186
bad
?
187
rotten
?
188
dirty
?
189
straight
?
190
round
?
191
sharp (as a knife)
?
192
dull (as a knife)
?
193
smooth
?
194
wet
?
195
dry
gabes ,yabes
196
correct
?
197
near
qrib
198
far
bɛid
199
right
?
200
left
?
201
at
ɣur , gu(ḏ)
202
in
g
203
with
iḏ , kiḏ (comitative), s (instrument)
204
and
iḏ
205
if
uka , luka , ka
206
because
ḥit
207
name
ism
