luka

See also: Luka, luką, lúka, Lūka, Lūkā, and lụka

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lǫka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈluka]

Noun

luka n pl

1. Alternative form of louka (“meadow”)

Declension

Declension of luka (pl-only hard neuter (declined as feminine) irreg-stem)

	plural
nominative	luka
genitive	luk
dative	lukám
accusative	luka
vocative	luka
locative	lukách
instrumental	lukami

Further reading

• “luka”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “luka”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “luka”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Hungarian

Etymology

luk (“hole”) +‎ -a (possessive suffix)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈlukɒ]
• Hyphenation: lu‧ka

Noun

luka

1. Alternative form of lyuka, third-person singular single-possession possessive of luk

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	luka	—
accusative	lukát	—
dative	lukának	—
instrumental	lukával	—
causal-final	lukáért	—
translative	lukává	—
terminative	lukáig	—
essive-formal	lukaként	—
essive-modal	lukául	—
inessive	lukában	—
superessive	lukán	—
adessive	lukánál	—
illative	lukába	—
sublative	lukára	—
allative	lukához	—
elative	lukából	—
delative	lukáról	—
ablative	lukától	—
non-attributive possessive - singular	lukáé	—
non-attributive possessive - plural	lukáéi	—

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay luka, from Proto-Malayic *luka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luka, Proto-Austronesian *Nuka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlu.ka/
• Rhymes: -uka
• Hyphenation: lu‧ka

Noun

luka

1. wound:
   1. An injury, such as a cut, stab, or tear, to a (usually external) part of the body.
   2. (figurative) A hurt to a person's feelings, reputation, prospects, etc.

Adjective

luka

1. wounded:
   1. Suffering from a wound, especially one acquired in battle from a weapon, such as a gun or a knife.
   2. (figurative) Suffering from an emotional injury.

Hyponyms

• luka bakar
• luka bakar minor
• luka baring
• luka berat
• luka hati
• luka memar
• luka parah
• luka ringan
• luka serius

 

Derived terms

• berluka
• lukai
• pelukaan
• perlukaan
• terluka
• terlukai

 

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*Nuka”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Luba-Kasai

Verb

luka

1. to weave

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• luken

Noun

luka m or f

1. definite feminine singular of luke

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

luka f

1. definite singular of luke

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *lūkaną.

Verb

lūka

1. to close, shut

Inflection

Conjugation of lūka (strong class 2)

infinitive	lūka
indicative	present	past
1st person singular	lūke	lāk
2nd person singular	lūkest, lūkst	lākest, lākst
3rd person singular	lūketh, lūkth	lāk
plural	lūkath	leken
subjunctive	present	past
singular	lūke	leke
plural	lūke, lūken	leke, leken
imperative	present
singular	lūk
plural	lūketh
participle	present	past
	lūkande	eleken, leken

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse lúka, from Proto-Germanic *lūkaną.

Verb

lūka

1. to close, shut

Conjugation

Conjugation of lūka (strong)

	present			past
infinitive	lūka			—
participle	lūkandi, lūkande			lukin
active voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
iæk	lūker	lūki, lūke	—	lø̄k	luki, luke
þū	lūker	lūki, lūke	lūk	lø̄kt	luki, luke
han	lūker	lūki, lūke	—	lø̄k	luki, luke
vīr	lūkum, lūkom	lūkum, lūkom	lūkum, lūkom	lukum, lukom	lukum, lukom
īr	lūkin	lūkin	lūkin	lukin	lukin
þēr	lūka	lūkin	—	luku, luko	lukin
mediopassive voice	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
iæk	lūks	lūkis, lūkes	—	lø̄ks	lukis, lukes
þū	lūks	lūkis, lūkes	—	lø̄kts	lukis, lukes
han	lūks	lūkis, lūkes	—	lø̄ks	lukis, lukes
vīr	lūkums, -oms	lūkums, lūkoms	—	lukums, lukoms	lukums, lukoms
īr	lūkins	lūkins	—	lukins	lukins
þēr	lūkas	lūkins	—	lukus, lukos	lukins

Oromo

Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic. Cognates include Burji lukka, Hadiyya lokko and Sidamo lekka.

Noun

luka

1. leg

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from German Lücke. Aleksander Brückner believed that the term had come from Luke (“hatch”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈlu.ka/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uka
• Syllabification: lu‧ka

Noun

luka f

1. gap, blank

   wypełniać lukę ― to fill in the blank

2. hatch

   Synonyms: luk m, właz m

3. loophole, an exploitable "hole" in a system

Declension

Declension of luka

	singular	plural
nominative	luka	luki
genitive	luki	luk
dative	luce	lukom
accusative	lukę	luki
instrumental	luką	lukami
locative	luce	lukach
vocative	luko	luki

Related terms

nouns

• loch
• luk

 

Further reading

• luka in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• luka in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Anagrams

• kula

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lǫka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lǔːka/
• Hyphenation: lu‧ka

Noun

lúka f (Cyrillic spelling лу́ка)

1. harbor; harbour
2. seaport
3. port

Declension

Declension of luka

	singular	plural
nominative	lúka	luke
genitive	luke	luka
dative	lúci	lukama
accusative	luku	luke
vocative	luko	luke
locative	lúci	lukama
instrumental	lukom	lukama

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

luka (Cyrillic spelling лука)

1. genitive singular of luk

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lùːka/

Noun

lúka f

1. harbor; harbour
2. seaport
3. port

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, a-stem
nom. sing.	lúka
gen. sing.	lúke
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	lúka	lúki	lúke
genitive (rodȋlnik)	lúke	lúk	lúk
dative (dajȃlnik)	lúki	lúkama	lúkam
accusative (tožȋlnik)	lúko	lúki	lúke
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	lúki	lúkah	lúkah
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	lúko	lúkama	lúkami

Further reading

• “luka”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dʊ̀ka.

Verb

-luka

1. (transitive) to plait
2. (transitive) to weave

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuluka
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuluka	ukungaluki
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	luka	-luke
Plural	lukani	-lukeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaluka, ngiluka	engilukayo, engiluka	ngiluka	angiluki	engingaluki	ngingaluki
2nd singular	uyaluka, uluka	olukayo, oluka	uluka	awuluki	ongaluki	ungaluki
1st plural	siyaluka, siluka	esilukayo, esiluka	siluka	asiluki	esingaluki	singaluki
2nd plural	niyaluka, niluka	enilukayo, eniluka	niluka	aniluki	eningaluki	ningaluki
Class 1	uyaluka, uluka	olukayo, oluka	eluka	akaluki	ongaluki	engaluki
Class 2	bayaluka, baluka	abalukayo, abaluka	beluka	abaluki	abangaluki	bengaluki
Class 3	uyaluka, uluka	olukayo, oluka	uluka	awuluki	ongaluki	ungaluki
Class 4	iyaluka, iluka	elukayo, eluka	iluka	ayiluki	engaluki	ingaluki
Class 5	liyaluka, liluka	elilukayo, eliluka	liluka	aliluki	elingaluki	lingaluki
Class 6	ayaluka, aluka	alukayo, aluka	eluka	awaluki	angaluki	engaluki
Class 7	siyaluka, siluka	esilukayo, esiluka	siluka	asiluki	esingaluki	singaluki
Class 8	ziyaluka, ziluka	ezilukayo, eziluka	ziluka	aziluki	ezingaluki	zingaluki
Class 9	iyaluka, iluka	elukayo, eluka	iluka	ayiluki	engaluki	ingaluki
Class 10	ziyaluka, ziluka	ezilukayo, eziluka	ziluka	aziluki	ezingaluki	zingaluki
Class 11	luyaluka, luluka	olulukayo, oluluka	luluka	aluluki	olungaluki	lungaluki
Class 14	buyaluka, buluka	obulukayo, obuluka	buluka	abuluki	obungaluki	bungaluki
Class 15	kuyaluka, kuluka	okulukayo, okuluka	kuluka	akuluki	okungaluki	kungaluki
Class 17	kuyaluka, kuluka	okulukayo, okuluka	kuluka	akuluki	okungaluki	kungaluki
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngilukile, ngilukē	engilukile, engilukē	ngilukile, ngilukē	angilukanga	engingalukanga	ngingalukanga
2nd singular	ulukile, ulukē	olukile, olukē	ulukile, ulukē	awulukanga	ongalukanga	ungalukanga
1st plural	silukile, silukē	esilukile, esilukē	silukile, silukē	asilukanga	esingalukanga	singalukanga
2nd plural	nilukile, nilukē	enilukile, enilukē	nilukile, nilukē	anilukanga	eningalukanga	ningalukanga
Class 1	ulukile, ulukē	olukile, olukē	elukile, elukē	akalukanga	ongalukanga	engalukanga
Class 2	balukile, balukē	abalukile, abalukē	belukile, belukē	abalukanga	abangalukanga	bengalukanga
Class 3	ulukile, ulukē	olukile, olukē	ulukile, ulukē	awulukanga	ongalukanga	ungalukanga
Class 4	ilukile, ilukē	elukile, elukē	ilukile, ilukē	ayilukanga	engalukanga	ingalukanga
Class 5	lilukile, lilukē	elilukile, elilukē	lilukile, lilukē	alilukanga	elingalukanga	lingalukanga
Class 6	alukile, alukē	alukile, alukē	elukile, elukē	awalukanga	angalukanga	engalukanga
Class 7	silukile, silukē	esilukile, esilukē	silukile, silukē	asilukanga	esingalukanga	singalukanga
Class 8	zilukile, zilukē	ezilukile, ezilukē	zilukile, zilukē	azilukanga	ezingalukanga	zingalukanga
Class 9	ilukile, ilukē	elukile, elukē	ilukile, ilukē	ayilukanga	engalukanga	ingalukanga
Class 10	zilukile, zilukē	ezilukile, ezilukē	zilukile, zilukē	azilukanga	ezingalukanga	zingalukanga
Class 11	lulukile, lulukē	olulukile, olulukē	lulukile, lulukē	alulukanga	olungalukanga	lungalukanga
Class 14	bulukile, bulukē	obulukile, obulukē	bulukile, bulukē	abulukanga	obungalukanga	bungalukanga
Class 15	kulukile, kulukē	okulukile, okulukē	kulukile, kulukē	akulukanga	okungalukanga	kungalukanga
Class 17	kulukile, kulukē	okulukile, okulukē	kulukile, kulukē	akulukanga	okungalukanga	kungalukanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāluka	engāluka	ngāluka	angilukanga	engingalukanga	ngingalukanga
2nd singular	wāluka	owāluka	wāluka	awulukanga	ongalukanga	ungalukanga
1st plural	sāluka	esāluka	sāluka	asilukanga	esingalukanga	singalukanga
2nd plural	nāluka	enāluka	nāluka	anilukanga	eningalukanga	ningalukanga
Class 1	wāluka	owāluka	āluka	akalukanga	ongalukanga	engalukanga
Class 2	bāluka	abāluka	bāluka	abalukanga	abangalukanga	bengalukanga
Class 3	wāluka	owāluka	wāluka	awulukanga	ongalukanga	ungalukanga
Class 4	yāluka	eyāluka	yāluka	ayilukanga	engalukanga	ingalukanga
Class 5	lāluka	elāluka	lāluka	alilukanga	elingalukanga	lingalukanga
Class 6	āluka	āluka	āluka	awalukanga	angalukanga	engalukanga
Class 7	sāluka	esāluka	sāluka	asilukanga	esingalukanga	singalukanga
Class 8	zāluka	ezāluka	zāluka	azilukanga	ezingalukanga	zingalukanga
Class 9	yāluka	eyāluka	yāluka	ayilukanga	engalukanga	ingalukanga
Class 10	zāluka	ezāluka	zāluka	azilukanga	ezingalukanga	zingalukanga
Class 11	lwāluka	olwāluka	lwāluka	alulukanga	olungalukanga	lungalukanga
Class 14	bāluka	obāluka	bāluka	abulukanga	obungalukanga	bungalukanga
Class 15	kwāluka	okwāluka	kwāluka	akulukanga	okungalukanga	kungalukanga
Class 17	kwāluka	okwāluka	kwāluka	akulukanga	okungalukanga	kungalukanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaluka	—	ngingaluka	ngingeluke	—	ngingeluke
2nd singular	ungaluka	—	ungaluka	ungeluke	—	ungeluke
1st plural	singaluka	—	singaluka	singeluke	—	singeluke
2nd plural	ningaluka	—	ningaluka	ningeluke	—	ningeluke
Class 1	angaluka	—	engaluka	angeluke	—	engeluke
Class 2	bangaluka	—	bengaluka	bangeluke	—	bengeluke
Class 3	ungaluka	—	ungaluka	ungeluke	—	ungeluke
Class 4	ingaluka	—	ingaluka	ingeluke	—	ingeluke
Class 5	lingaluka	—	lingaluka	lingeluke	—	lingeluke
Class 6	angaluka	—	engaluka	angeluke	—	engeluke
Class 7	singaluka	—	singaluka	singeluke	—	singeluke
Class 8	zingaluka	—	zingaluka	zingeluke	—	zingeluke
Class 9	ingaluka	—	ingaluka	ingeluke	—	ingeluke
Class 10	zingaluka	—	zingaluka	zingeluke	—	zingeluke
Class 11	lungaluka	—	lungaluka	lungeluke	—	lungeluke
Class 14	bungaluka	—	bungaluka	bungeluke	—	bungeluke
Class 15	kungaluka	—	kungaluka	kungeluke	—	kungeluke
Class 17	kungaluka	—	kungaluka	kungeluke	—	kungeluke
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoluka	engizoluka	ngizoluka	angizuluka	engingezuluka	ngingezuluka
2nd singular	uzoluka	ozoluka	uzoluka	awuzuluka	ongezuluka	ungezuluka
1st plural	sizoluka	esizoluka	sizoluka	asizuluka	esingezuluka	singezuluka
2nd plural	nizoluka	enizoluka	nizoluka	anizuluka	eningezuluka	ningezuluka
Class 1	uzoluka	ozoluka	ezoluka	akazuluka	ongezuluka	engezuluka
Class 2	bazoluka	abazoluka	bezoluka	abazuluka	abangezuluka	bengezuluka
Class 3	uzoluka	ozoluka	uzoluka	awuzuluka	ongezuluka	ungezuluka
Class 4	izoluka	ezoluka	izoluka	ayizuluka	engezuluka	ingezuluka
Class 5	lizoluka	elizoluka	lizoluka	alizuluka	elingezuluka	lingezuluka
Class 6	azoluka	azoluka	ezoluka	awazuluka	angezuluka	engezuluka
Class 7	sizoluka	esizoluka	sizoluka	asizuluka	esingezuluka	singezuluka
Class 8	zizoluka	ezizoluka	zizoluka	azizuluka	ezingezuluka	zingezuluka
Class 9	izoluka	ezoluka	izoluka	ayizuluka	engezuluka	ingezuluka
Class 10	zizoluka	ezizoluka	zizoluka	azizuluka	ezingezuluka	zingezuluka
Class 11	luzoluka	oluzoluka	luzoluka	aluzuluka	olungezuluka	lungezuluka
Class 14	buzoluka	obuzoluka	buzoluka	abuzuluka	obungezuluka	bungezuluka
Class 15	kuzoluka	okuzoluka	kuzoluka	akuzuluka	okungezuluka	kungezuluka
Class 17	kuzoluka	okuzoluka	kuzoluka	akuzuluka	okungezuluka	kungezuluka
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoluka	engiyoluka	ngiyoluka	angiyuluka	engingeyuluka	ngingeyuluka
2nd singular	uyoluka	oyoluka	uyoluka	awuyuluka	ongeyuluka	ungeyuluka
1st plural	siyoluka	esiyoluka	siyoluka	asiyuluka	esingeyuluka	singeyuluka
2nd plural	niyoluka	eniyoluka	niyoluka	aniyuluka	eningeyuluka	ningeyuluka
Class 1	uyoluka	oyoluka	eyoluka	akayuluka	ongeyuluka	engeyuluka
Class 2	bayoluka	abayoluka	beyoluka	abayuluka	abangeyuluka	bengeyuluka
Class 3	uyoluka	oyoluka	uyoluka	awuyuluka	ongeyuluka	ungeyuluka
Class 4	iyoluka	eyoluka	iyoluka	ayiyuluka	engeyuluka	ingeyuluka
Class 5	liyoluka	eliyoluka	liyoluka	aliyuluka	elingeyuluka	lingeyuluka
Class 6	ayoluka	ayoluka	eyoluka	awayuluka	angeyuluka	engeyuluka
Class 7	siyoluka	esiyoluka	siyoluka	asiyuluka	esingeyuluka	singeyuluka
Class 8	ziyoluka	eziyoluka	ziyoluka	aziyuluka	ezingeyuluka	zingeyuluka
Class 9	iyoluka	eyoluka	iyoluka	ayiyuluka	engeyuluka	ingeyuluka
Class 10	ziyoluka	eziyoluka	ziyoluka	aziyuluka	ezingeyuluka	zingeyuluka
Class 11	luyoluka	oluyoluka	luyoluka	aluyuluka	olungeyuluka	lungeyuluka
Class 14	buyoluka	obuyoluka	buyoluka	abuyuluka	obungeyuluka	bungeyuluka
Class 15	kuyoluka	okuyoluka	kuyoluka	akuyuluka	okungeyuluka	kungeyuluka
Class 17	kuyoluka	okuyoluka	kuyoluka	akuyuluka	okungeyuluka	kungeyuluka
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiluke	ngingaluki
2nd singular	uluke	ungaluki
1st plural	siluke	singaluki
2nd plural	niluke	ningaluki
Class 1	aluke	angaluki
Class 2	baluke	bangaluki
Class 3	uluke	ungaluki
Class 4	iluke	ingaluki
Class 5	liluke	lingaluki
Class 6	aluke	angaluki
Class 7	siluke	singaluki
Class 8	ziluke	zingaluki
Class 9	iluke	ingaluki
Class 10	ziluke	zingaluki
Class 11	luluke	lungaluki
Class 14	buluke	bungaluki
Class 15	kuluke	kungaluki
Class 17	kuluke	kungaluki
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaluka	ngangaluka, angaluka, angangaluka
2nd singular	waluka	wangaluka, awaluka, awangaluka
1st plural	saluka	sangaluka, asaluka, asangaluka
2nd plural	naluka	nangaluka, analuka, anangaluka
Class 1	waluka	wangaluka, akaluka, akangaluka
Class 2	baluka	bangaluka, abaluka, abangaluka
Class 3	waluka	wangaluka, awaluka, awangaluka
Class 4	yaluka	yangaluka, ayaluka, ayangaluka
Class 5	laluka	langaluka, alaluka, alangaluka
Class 6	aluka	angaluka, awaluka, awangaluka
Class 7	saluka	sangaluka, asaluka, asangaluka
Class 8	zaluka	zangaluka, azaluka, azangaluka
Class 9	yaluka	yangaluka, ayaluka, ayangaluka
Class 10	zaluka	zangaluka, azaluka, azangaluka
Class 11	lwaluka	lwangaluka, alwaluka, alwangaluka
Class 14	baluka	bangaluka, abaluka, abangaluka
Class 15	kwaluka	kwangaluka, akwaluka, akwangaluka
Class 17	kwaluka	kwangaluka, akwaluka, akwangaluka

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “luka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “luka (6.3)”