Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/lǫka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *lankāˀ, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *lengʷʰ-, the source of Proto-Germanic *lingwą (“heather”). Or, both are from a substrate source, as suggested by the irregular velar correspondences (note also the synonym *lǫ̑gъ). In any case, cognate with Latvian lañka (“bend of a river, big low-lying meadow, big puddle”), Lithuanian lankà (“water-meadow, swamp”).

Noun

*lǭkà f

1. low-lying meadow, water-meadow

   Synonym: *lǫ̑gъ

Inflection

Declension of *lǭkà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*lǭkà	*lǫ̃cě	*lǭkỳ
genitive	*lǭkỳ	*lǭkù	*lǫ̃kъ
dative	*lǭcě̀	*lǭkàma	*lǭkàmъ
accusative	*lǭkǫ̀	*lǫ̃cě	*lǭkỳ
instrumental	*lǭkòjǫ, *lǫ̃kǫ**	*lǭkàma	*lǭkàmī
locative	*lǭcě̀	*lǭkù	*lǭkàsъ, *lǭkàxъ*
vocative	*lǫko	*lǫ̃cě	*lǭkỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

• *lękati, *lęcati (“to set traps, to scare?”)
• *lęťi (“to bend”)
• *lękъ (“bent”)
• *lǭčìti (“to separate”)
• *lǫčьje (“rush”)
• *lǫkàvъ (“curved, cunning”)
• *lǫ̑kъ (“bow”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: лука (luka)
  • Belarusian: лука́ (luká)
  • ⇒ Belarusian: лукавіна (lukavina)
  • Russian: лука́ (luká)
  • Ukrainian: лука́ (luká)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: лѫка (lǫka)

    Glagolitic script: ⰾⱘⰽⰰ (lǫka)

  • Bulgarian: лъка́ (lǎká), лъ́нка (lǎ́nka) (dialectal)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: лу́ка

    Latin script: lúka

  • Slovene: lọ́ka
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: lúka
    • Czech: louka
  • Polish: łąka
  • Slovak: lúka
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: łuka
    • Upper Sorbian: łuka
• Non-Slavic:
  • → Romanian: luncă

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “лука́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress