Appendix:Tayap word list

Tayap word list:

Alphabetical list

Gloss	Tayap
abort	imin wuw
above	wo; wurɨ
absorb v.	aŋgu
ache n.	mbɨd
accompaniment (without)	seŋgrim; sinder
adhere v.	wawku; rurur-(p)-ekɨ
adorn v.	ndok
adornment	atunuŋg; emári; ep; isɨkɨ; isirai; kapwasak; kokrow; maies; makat; maŋgat; monjuko; nanjag; ndok (generic); rɨmb; tatak; titi; totrɨk
affirmation	awo; ore
after	nunuknɨ
afternoon	ŋgrag
afterwards	nunuk
again	motɨnɨ
age mate	orɨmb
agree v.	nambarkɨ; simb
agreed	sapki
air	mbun
a little	mbara
alcohol	awin
alive	ŋginoŋa
all	taman
allow	ŋganokaw
almost	nɨpɨs
alone	nambar; neker
also	tɨ
amongst	oromnɨ
anal gland	warnɨŋg (possums and bandicoots)
ancestor	aru; eŋgin
anger	otar; pwap
angry v.	nam; pwapkɨ; utɨtɨo
animal coat	atuŋgor; mbatíbati; ramborgar
animal hide n.	síw
ankle	ndowbɨr; ndowŋan sokop
answer back v.	sik ep
ant	sɨwɨr (generic)
antenna	sind
anus	yɨwɨrgwab
apology	imin
appearance	nanuk
applaud	ndaram
arm	akan suman (upper arm); akanbɨr (forearm); ndaram
armpit	amoiawin; amoiawinŋa pupur (armpit hair)
arrival	aiŋgar
arrow	wot
ash	kosimb
ask v.	kotar-(p)-e; kotar-(p)-e-kɨ
ass	kandam
assemble v.	korar
asshole	yɨwɨrgwab
assumption	awa
athletes’ foot	ŋgat ndow
awhile ago	nirere
axe	mindia; pande
baby	átiáti; isɨkɨ; krimb; masukondep; mbioŋgi; mɨŋan; taman; tombtomb
back	mbwar; ŋgamamb (upper); orom (lower)
backbone	ndugubar
backside	nunuk
bad ways	kokosawir
bad	apro
badly	supwaspwa
bald head	kokɨr tutiek
baldness	kanimbit
bamboo	kanjigogo; mberowok; mbwaj (generic); mbwantaw; mɨŋgŋa bwar; oŋki; ti
banana earwig	ikinŋan yandum
banana	ikin (generic); iwoŋgikin; mamar; marow; mbákbak; mbuga; mbormat; mbunoŋ; mom; munjesik (frond); oraw (seedling); oremnai ikin; ramu; sambai oremai ikin
bandicoot	sasik
bang against	mbaŋ
bank of stream	mbag
barb	mandamandap
bark v.	ŋgawŋkɨ
barren v.	paindakkɨ
base of tree	tomɨr
base	kandaŋnɨ
basket sling	ambrɨm numun
basket	Karatum sapwar (crocodile clan); Maŋai sapwar (dog clan); mɨriŋa sapwar (for carrying supplies and; food); saim (carried on head); saiput (for sago processing); sapwar (generic); simbergar sapwar (for carrying one’s belongings)
bastard child	nder
bat	sumusumu
bathe v.	tuwku
beat v.	por
be careful	numbwan rekɨ
be full	isiokɨ
be happy v.	siŋkɨ
be v.	adaikɨ; aku; ambkɨ; arkɨ
beach	puwaiorom; sumbwa kapɨr
beak	ndar
bean sprout	mbua
beard	ŋgakreŋa pupur
become a man v.	munjekɨ
become a woman v.	noŋork
become one	nambarkɨ
become overgrown v.	abarkɨ
become purified v.	utɨkɨ
bedbug	ndedeŋ
bee	kunemb (generic)
beetle	tutumb (generic)
before	rawnɨ; rɨpam
behind	mbwarnɨ; nunuknɨ
believe v.	tar
belly button	imin sukum
belly	imin
belongings	koŋgon
below	ari; seknɨ; sire
bend over v.	tɨmbrɨo
bend v.	mbur-(p)-e; ŋgadogadikɨ
bent	ŋgado
beside	ase; tawnɨ
bestow v.	orai
betel nut smasher	kokɨparaŋ
betel nut	aduaiamb; arɨmɨndai; atɨm; ei; eiamb; kambok; kandapat; kokɨparaŋ; kup; mandamandap; mbatep; mbrat; mbubow; mbubuk; minjike (generic); minjikeŋa ŋgɨb; mɨn; moramori; ndam; ndekik; ŋgɨb; ŋgop; pramat; sapwar; sikesike; simberkɨ (v. chew betel nut); takrot; tatikem; top; wamb
bier	tamb
big toe	ndowŋa oŋko
big	mɨr; suman
bird	tam (generic)
bitch (female dog)	nje noŋor
bite v.	amɨra
black	sawir
bladder	nok nder
blink v.	ŋgino; tɨk
block v.	kɨnd-(p)-o; oski; roŋgɨkɨ; utaroror
blocked	taman
blood clot	muk
blood let v.	trai
blood	and
bloody	andŋan
blossom v.	pwar
blow on v.	wiwir
blue	ŋgɨdɨŋ
blunt	mbutup
boar tusk	kaŋgajiŋ; osiŋgir
boil n.	munjesik; nop; orwo
boil v.	peikɨ; sowor-(p)-o; trar-(p)-o
bone	adaradɨ; emári; kambɨkeŋa nɨŋg; kandapŋa nɨŋg; kurom; ndugubar; nɨŋg (generic); ŋgaibo; ŋgakre; ŋgamambat; ŋgino mbod; tɨmɨr; tɨmɨrbɨm; tokɨmot; tombtomb
bottom	yit
bow n.	kembatik
bow-legged	kambukar
bowstring	karatukumb
box	kaiknumb
boyfriend	nireŋgar munje
bracelet	tɨmɨr; torɨw
braid n.	met
braid v.	wur; er
brain	sikin
branch	nduko; nɨmŋat; pitatak
breadfruit	mbatak; mbatambur; minj
break open	kra
break v.	adádadɨ; adur; adurɨokɨ; krakrɨ; krarara okɨ
breast bone	tokɨmot
breast milk	misisiŋg
breast	min; min ŋgopŋa
breath	mbun; pora; tokro
breathe v.	mbun; war
bridge	koŋgrik; nɨmɨrkokɨr
bring v.	kv
bristles	ŋgatnɨmŋa pupur (on pig’s back)
broad	tapraw
broom	sindibam; tandímɨrit
brush turkey	onaw
bubble	njijɨriŋ; mbubujiram; tapurmanj
bucket	manɨŋg
bud	moramorik
build	er
bullfrog	uráŋgeba
bullshit	awinŋa sik
bumpy	ndɨdɨkdɨdɨk
bundle	yimbam
bunion	ndow kawrɨk
burn v.	apu; ipɨkɨ; mbabuŋkɨ
burned	mbabuŋ
burp n.	ŋgarɨr
burrow n.	taŋgar
bury v.	war
bush knife	pɨtɨŋar
butcher v.	wuw
butterfly	mumuk
buy v.	moser
buzz v.	krururki
cajoling n.	eŋgune eŋgune
cake of sago flour	munakatar
calf of leg	warmis mokop
call n.	ŋgar
call out v.	ŋgar
call v.	ŋgar; ndokopndokop (call puppies)
calm person	mukúki
cane grass	tumbɨgir; ut; nekénduko
canoe	kaikro; kaisar; kemb; yimbar
capture v.	tumbu
carbuncle	atokrim
care for domestic animals v	krar
carry v.	wuw (on one shoulder); andru-(w/p)-e (on head); aroŋg-(p)-e (inside something); eraro-(p/w)-ar (in sling on back); tap (on shoulders)
cartilage	ndrɨg; ŋgot
carve v.	rambu
carving	kandibwaŋ; tumbuan
cassowary	emári; kurom; maies; mbwag; mipat; nkɨnkɨm; ŋgat (cassowary); ŋgat ndow; ŋgatma min; ŋgatwaw; ŋgot; rɨr-(p)-orki; tamro; tamroŋa kup; tɨmɨr; yir pwap
castrate v.	ke-(p)-e
catch v.	wuru (with hook)
caterpillar	atɨr; nɨŋgasin
cave	ŋgwab
cemetery	mambrag num
centipede	yandum; yandumtɨt
challenge v.	towoi
change mind v.	urek-(p)-e
chant n.	njem; sambaŋa njem
charcoal	wuwur
cheek	ndabo
chest	kambɨke; mintumb; nambɨr
chestnut	kaŋan
chew v.	minjia
chew betel nut	simberkɨ
chicken	kokok
child	nder; ror
chili leaf	eŋguramat
chili pepper	tamropirup
chirp v.	piwiukɨ
chisel n	kapwakapi; ndokdok
chop down	ar
chop v	kra; sum-(p)-or
cicada	kikik; ŋgaratgarat
cigarette	sokoidu
citrus fruit	pɨnɨmb
clam	eporaŋ; kaŋ; oyaŋ
clan	kandaŋ
claw	yir pwap
clay	noŋge
clear undergrowth v.	ndum; ndumkɨ; prɨk
climb v.	wawaroski
clitoris	iru; piŋin
close to	minjikan
close v.	er; kɨnd-(p)-o
closed	taman
clot	muk
cloth	embátoto
cloud	akɨjim (raincloud); akɨn
clove tree	yimbram
club	mbateŋ; sawáraŋga; taimb
clump	nɨr
cluster	kup; mbɨj; ndam; pramat
clutter	kombobo
cockroach	numbutik; sasawraŋ
coconut cream	mimb
coconut formation	makatok (stage three); nɨŋgɨrarik (stage two); ŋgakrawmunjik (stage one); pap taw (final stage); turaw pakas (stage four)
coconut palm	andi; pap; papembɨr
coconut shell	kukutawaŋ; tawk
coconut shredder	njemuk
coconut	meruk; mɨn; mow (meat); pap; papetraw (husk fiber); papkrɨm (small); papndaw (wild); papŋa ŋgɨb (sapling); turaw (husk)
coerce v.	kokɨr i; mor-(p)-e
coil	ambnor; du
coin	mbatembatep
cold	arkar-(p)-ekɨ; imin; mbankap; pokemb; pokembkɨ; munjewatkɨ; waw
collapse	adɨokɨ
collarbone	kambɨkeŋa nɨŋg
collect v.	ondar
colorful	tɨtɨmb
comb	kɨm
come v.	aiki
come off v.	isiri okɨ
come up v.	wiki; wurkɨ
comedian	maisare ŋgrɨgar munje
comic act	maisare
complete v.	kokot
concealed talk	wai
conch shell	pomɨŋg
cone hat	kawt; kokɨrat
confuse	mbábasakkɨ
consider	kiraw
constrain v.	roŋ
construct	er
consume	a; kroi
conversation	potakɨr
coo v.	por
cook v.	ambwamkɨ; apu
copulate	ndɨrɨrɨ-(p/w)-arkɨ
corner of eye	ŋgagrɨnɨ
corner v.	weX-(p/m)-uŋgu
corpse	nɨmbup; pisikimb
correctly	tandiw
count v.	nak
couple n.	omɨnde-omnɨnde
cover up v.	kundar
cover	pura
crab	kosep (generic); kaŋgajiŋ; ŋgarorak; sasápoke
crack	ngagwak
crave v.	potaki
crawl v.	wepɨkɨ; wepokɨ
crazy	mbábasak
creek	eno; nuwomb
crest	tamro (of cassowary or rooster)
crevice	ngagwak
crocodile	orem; perumb orem
crooked	ŋgado; ŋgadogadi
cross v.	osiki
crosswise	wapakinɨ
croton plant	kamb
crouch down v.	isisraiki
crown	ruk; mar; umb
crumb	um
crumple up v.	ruru-(p)-e
crush v.	rɨrɨr
cry n.	ei
cry v.	eiarkɨ
cult house	oŋgarŋa patɨr; ambagai
cunt	see vagina
curse v.	adu
cut across v.	utak-(p)-oski
cut v.	katɨp; imin; iskuo; trai; utɨr-(p)-or; wuw
dance v.	truku
dawdle v.	kɨkrikɨ
day after tomorrow	tuemb
day before yesterday	muŋgit
day of exchange	mot
day	aro
deaf	tamankɨ
debris	moto
debt	karam
decorate	isɨkɨ; ndok
decoration	katam; nanjag; ndok (generic); rɨmb; tatak; totrɨk
deed	morasi
deep	kouwmb
defeat v.	ŋgadɨr-(p)-i; tɨmbrXokɨ
defecate v	yɨwɨr ar
departure	oŋgar
descend v	sirki
descendant	otan; njanimb
desire n.	arei; meŋemeŋe; numbwan; tete-(p)e
destroy	mbata
dew	matatak
diarrhea n.	yɨwɨr ariŋg
die v.	wasowkɨ; waswi
diety	mɨrɨp
dig out v.	ke-(p)-e
dig v.	werkɨ (snuffle); undɨkɨ (for eggs); unduku (for eggs); wuw (a hole); werandru (plant things)
digging stick	sambap
directly	simpaknɨ
dirt	kɨtkɨt; sumbwa
dirty	komboj; ndamɨr; uran
disappear v.	kunda
dish	kaŋɨr; puŋgup; tawk
dislodge	wur
disobey	utak
disperse	ndabaikɨ
disturbed	mbábasak
dive in	irokɨ
do v.	nir
dog	marŋgoram; nje; njeŋa rewi
door	nek
double n.	moramori; takrot
down	ato; sire
dragonfly	nondadab
dream n.	tambur
dream v.	tamburnɨ ta
drink v.	a
drizzle n.	tukursim
drool n.	arɨt
drum	koŋgod (hourglass drum); rumb (slit-gong drum)
dry adj.	pakas
dry season	nuŋgŋa orom
dry v.	pakas
dust	puwai
dwelling	taŋgar
eagle	kakar
ear	neke; pap (earwax)
earlobe	ndrɨg
earring	sak
earthquake	nekan
east	arawer sirŋgar taw
eat	a
eel	ŋgem; semb
egg white	mow
egg yolk	ikin
egg	naŋa (generic); onaw; taŋa; yamiŋe
eject v	ru
elbow	mɨŋgɨp; mɨŋgɨpŋa sokop
elf	apukor
elves	apukor
embarrass	tɨmbrXokɨ
ember	rerem
embrace v.	sak
emotion	imin
enclosure	ramaŋg
enough	ayáta; nɨpɨs; nɨpɨs wákare
envelope	ndakɨn
enveloped	aro
evening star	popro
everyone	taman
everything	taman
exchange v.	ep
exclaim	andruku
exhaustion	arimb
explode	patorkɨ
exposed	mborkinɨ
extinguish	ko-(p)-o
extract v.	ke-(p/w)-ekɨ; er; wur
eye	ŋgino
eyeball	ŋgino rerem
eyebrow	ŋgino mbod
eyeglasses	awin nanuk
eyelid	ŋginoŋa toto
face	nanuk
facing	rawnɨ
faint v.	wasowra aiki
falcon	wiswis
fall down v.	atɨkɨ
fall off v.	isiri okɨ
fall out v.	ke-(p/w)-ekɨ
false accusation	suk
fan n.	apwisom
fan v.	wiwir
fart n.	pis (soundless); orimb (explosive)
fart v	i
fasten v.	er
fat	iapɨr
father	omo; sas
fatigue n.	sisiw
fault n.	morasi
fear n.	rew
fear v	rewkɨ
feather	purpur
feces	yɨwɨr
feel v.	kiraw
fence	ramaŋg; tɨŋg; yio
fern	anumb; awesak
fetch v.	kv; tar
fetus	mbomɨŋj
fiber	paŋg
fight v.	amku
fight	n. am
fill up v.	war; mborɨpkɨ
fill v.	iu
filter v.	utɨkɨ
fin	mbodaŋ; nanɨŋg
finger	ŋgagɨt (little); ŋgomar oŋgar (index); oŋko (thumb)
fingernail	ndaramŋa ŋgino; sikrim
finish v.	kokot; komand; kroi; maikɨ; wákarekɨ
fire	otar
firefly	ŋgudum; waptuŋgro (swarm)
firewood	taruŋg
first born	kokɨrŋa ror; mambɨrŋa ror
first	rawnɨ; tamrɨware
fish	ŋgomar (generic)
flaccid	kondɨkkɨ; kondikra okɨ
flash	mamrarkɨ
flatten grass	iskuokɨ; naw o
flattery	eŋgune eŋgune
flea	itum
flee	rewkɨ
flesh	mow; pwap; toto
float v.	konenjarkɨ; purara okɨ
floor	kɨmɨtak
flow	naŋgatik
flute	mokɨt
fly n.	arúmbatak (generic); arúmbatak wasow (blue fly); ipipir (fruit fly)
fly v.	imbɨkɨ
flying fox	njakep; njakep oraw
flying squirrel	ŋgesiŋe
fly swatter n	tandímɨrit
foam	njem; tapur
fog	waw
fold v.	adádadɨ; krakrɨ
follow advice v.	andu
follow v.	andu
fondle	eŋgeweŋgew
fontanelle	wamb
food	orákaŋgar; tokro
foot	ndow; ndowbwar; ndowŋa imin (sole); ndowŋa ku (heel)
footprint	ndoŋan nɨpɨs
force n	naŋgatik
force v.	mor-(p)-e
forehead	atarum
foreign	koret
forget	numbwan mbabsakkɨ
fork	tapran
four	towotowo
frame	naŋgɨr (of net)
friend	agɨʹ; dada; asapoi
frog	pasákeke
frond	kondew; mbaŋaw; ndadum; pandɨm
front	rawnɨ
frying pan	pambran
fuck v.	indɨkɨ; indu
funerary feast	kar; airuramb
fungus	manɨmbomo; nɨmbup; njogrob; tombtomb
funnel	iko
fur	atuŋgor; mbatíbati; ramborgar
furious	mɨk
fuzz	iruiru
fuzzy	iruiruŋa
gall bladder	wuŋa nok
Gapun	Tayap num
gather	andu- (leaf vegetables)
gather together v.	ondar
gecko	agin; tapetak
genitals	iru; kwem; kwem taro; man; nao; neŋgib; ŋgaibo; piŋin
get into	sirki
get stuck	waku
get up	memkɨ
ghost	mambrag
gill	mbodaŋ
ginger pepper	kandapat; top (generic)
ginger root	arei; eŋgin; kaiu
girdle	kapwasak
girlfriend	nireŋgar noŋor
give birth v.	awinnɨ tuwku (humans); tokɨ (animals)
give	i
glue	nɨŋɨr
gnat	ipipir; mamaki
go across	oski
go ahead	rɨpɨkɨ
go ashore	workɨ
go down v.	arki; aski; sirki
go inside v	arki; arkɨ
go outside v.	atɨkɨ
go up v.	wurkɨ; rar
go	okɨ
good sense	misikap
good	eŋgon; émb egon (good morning); ikur eŋgon (good evening); ŋgrag eŋgon (good afternoon); sapki
gossip	ikruk
gradually	neŋgɨnikɨ neŋgɨnikɨ
grandfather	neni
grapefruit	pɨnɨmb
grass knife	sarep
grass skirt	awin gorok; ner; ŋgorok
grass	mombi; nekénduko; nɨmbɨsim; piar; tumbɨgir; ut
grasshopper	njajak; njojok; panap
grassland	nawŋa mbun; naw
grate v.	war
grave	kum
grease	iapɨr
grille	maŋemaŋar
groin	anomb
ground cuscus	miw
ground	numat; sumbwa
group	tambar
growl v.	murkɨ
grub	kɨmɨrɨk
guard v.	wɨr
gums	rewiŋgun
gun	mbwajorom
habit	morasi
half	at; taw
hammer v	tawai
hand	ndaram; ndaramŋa adadɨt; ndaram bwar; ndaramŋa imin
handle	munjar; naŋgɨr; ŋgapar; pom
hang up v.	wawar-(p)-ei
hang v.	adu; wawar-(p)-ei; wawar-(p)-eikɨ
haphazardly	sapki(nɨ)
happen	atɨkɨ
happy adj.	sapki
hard	mɨk
hard-headed	kokɨrŋan
hat	kawt; kokɨrat
have sex	mbidomo; okemkɨ
haze	njim
he	ŋɨ
head hair	kokɨrŋgrɨt
head	kokir; kokɨtok; kokɨrŋgrɨt; ŋgino
headrest	kokɨparaŋ
healthy	eŋgon
heap	kit; pombor (of shit); sumbuŋ
hear v.	tar
heart	kir
hearth	turoŋa ŋgagar
heavy	naimb
heel n.	ndowŋa ku
help v.	ndabai-(p)-i; rarekurkɨ; rar
her	ŋgu
here	ai; ainde; aŋgo(de)
hermit crab	pisik
hers	ŋgon
hiccup n.	ndɨdɨk
hiccup v.	ndɨdɨk
hide v.	ambu
high tide	awin eiwɨr
hillbilly	mɨriŋa munje
him	ŋɨ
hips	ŋgɨdɨk
his	ŋan
hit v.	adu; o; nai-(p)-i; nɨmanɨadɨ; nɨmanɨadɨkɨ
hold v.	e; ser-(p)-e
hole	ŋgagwak; ŋgwab; muta
home	taŋgar
honey	metawrŋa naŋaŋa awin
hoof	mburko; sikrim
hook	pipiŋgabu
hopscotch	ekop
horsefly	tetei
hostility	ondɨr
hot	armbɨr
hourglass drum	koŋgod; oimbatak
house post
house	ambagai (men’s house); ambagai mbunorŋan (with power); kɨmɨtak (floor); njam (hurriedly assembled); oŋgarŋa patɨr (mens cult house situated in rainforest); patɨrŋa mbun (abandoned, and collapsed); tambuno (makeshift for protection from rain)
how many	ambukranɨ
how	ambukenɨ
howl v.	kawrkɨ
huge	mɨr
hum v.	mundumɨndikɨ
humiliate	tɨmbrXokɨ
hunger	endekar
hunting blind	napo; pura
hurriedly	areinɨ
hurry	katkat; nunum
husband	munje
husk	mɨn; turaw
hygiene	ndamɨr
I	ŋa
ignite	rorkɨ
ignorance adj.	sua
ignorant	samba mɨr
ignore	eikuokɨ; utak
illness	kandaw
imitate v.	et-(p)-o
immature n	eiwɨreiwɨr; tuwaw
impregnate	imin i
imprint	nɨpɨs
incredibly	apro mɨr
index finger	ŋgomar oŋgar
inexperienced	taman
inflate v.	wiwir
in-law n.	oyeŋg
insect
inside	aro; iminnɨ
insult n.	perei
insult v.	perei
intense	mɨk
intension	numbwan
intercourse	mbidomo
intertwine v.	erkɨ; woikɨ
intestine	imikato; mɨŋanŋa kup; noŋorŋa kup
intoxicate	adu
itch n.	meŋemeŋe
itch v.	tɨrɨkɨ
jaw	ŋgakre
jealous v.	awa-(p/w)-ar; mwanambri
jealousy	mwanambrirgar morasi
jellyfish	kandiwara
join v.	tɨrɨri-(p/w)-ar
joint	adadit; rorŋa nɨŋg (back leg of pig); ton (connects two sections of bamboo)
jump up v.	pɨŋkɨ
jump v	pɨŋra okɨ
just	sapki(nɨ)
kick v.	ndownɨ o; rɨr-(p)-orkɨ
kidney	moŋapat
kiss v.	sak
kissing sound v	mɨnjurupkɨ
kissing sound	mɨnjurup
knecklace	ep
knee cap	mɨŋgɨpŋa sokop
knee	mɨŋgɨp
kneel	adu
knife	kurom; mbwantaw; mɨŋg; pom; sarep; ta
knock v.	mbaŋ
knot n.	mot
knot v.	ŋgɨti-(p/w)-ar
know	kiraw
knowledge	misikap
lack v.	atɨkɨ
ladder	nek; pundidip; tɨndra
ladle	kukutawaŋ
lake	mɨnuomb
landing place for canoes	kaikro
language	mer
lap	nɨkɨr
large	mɨr; pwap; suman
larva	kɨmɨrɨk; komɨ; urukuruk
later	nunuk
laugh v	ir; adu; irkɨ
laughter	iro
lay out v.	tumbu
laziness	sisiw
lead v.	rɨpɨkɨ
leaf spine	mbwag
leaf	mayar; ŋgimraw (edible); papakndam; sokoi (tobacco)
lean down v.	tɨmbrɨo
leave behind v.	ore-(p)-e
leech	mbímaŋ
left	ŋgamgit
leg	akan; ndow; mburkow
lemon	pɨnɨmb
lemon grass	nɨmbɨsim
let go v.	ore-(p)-e
lethargic v	sisiwokɨ
lethargy	kumb
lick	mamba; mambadɨkɨ
lie n.	suk; takwat; wai
lie v.	takwat; waiŋgrɨkɨ
lift up v.	wur-(p)-o; wure
light n	aro
light v.	ror
lightening n	mamrai; otɨŋgar
lightening v.	mamraikɨ; urerkɨ
like	mbiknɨ; níme; niŋan
lime (for chewing betel nut)	air
line	yir
lip	ndadibwaŋ
listen v.	tar
little	mokop
liver	wu
lizard
lobe	ndrɨg
lobster	sasu
lodge v.	wak-(p)-ekɨ
log	nɨmbup (rotten)
loincloth	síw
long	kemem
look after	krar
look v.	ŋgɨgregokɨ; rarkɨ; rar
look for v.	amai-(p)-i
loosen v.	utakatɨkɨ
lose grip v.	turkopkɨ
lose v.	atɨkɨ; óiraraokɨ
louse	kɨkrikɨ; pakɨnd
low tide v	tawkɨ
lower intestine	noŋorŋa kup
lumpy	ndɨdɨkdɨdɨk
lung	popro
machete	pɨtɨŋar
maggot	símbu
make plans to kill someone	mbororkɨ
make v.	nir
Malay apple tree	puŋun; toŋgodip
male	mɨŋan
man	munje
mango	oike
mangrove swamp	nɨmar; kindip
many	sami
mark v.	rambu
married couple	omɨnde-omnɨnde
marry	ar
marsupial pouch	ŋgwar
maternal uncle	atawo; wow
maternity house	awin(nɨ) tuwŋgar patɨr
mature	kapar; kowot; ponjame
me	ŋa
meat	mborsip (pig); minj (breadfruit); mis; mow (coconut); potak (wild animal); sip
meeting	korareŋgar; mot
men’s house	ambagai; oŋgarŋa patɨr; pɨk
menstruate	karep; simberkɨ
mess up v.	isɨkɨ
middle	orom
Milky Way	wagurmos
millipede	kakámatik
mine	ŋaŋan
mirror	awin nanuk
mislead v.	mbábasakkɨ
misstep v.	turkopkɨ
miss v.	anda-(p/w)-okɨ; kaind-(p)-e; ŋgadir-(p)-i (pass by); punatkɨ; wur-(p)-ekɨ; wure
misuse v.	mbábasakɨ
mite	kandap
molar	sambap
money	marŋgoram (dog teeth); moŋar krɨmb
moon	karep
morning star	ŋgoijam
morning	emb
mortar	kokɨrparaŋ
mosquito
moth	mumuk
mother	ama
mountain	tumb
mourn	punatkɨ
mouse	njip
mouth	sik
mud	kitkit; mbɨn; sumbwa
murder	kwai
murmur v.	mɨŋmɨŋkɨ
muscle	mintumb (chest); warmis (thigh)
mushroom	moimbɨr; oŋgɨsu; tambawa; tawaromo
muzzle	pinumb
nail	tatar
naked	kandam sinder
name n.	nomb
name v.	wur
narrate v.	tɨk ŋgur
narrative	tɨk
narrow adj.	wekwareŋgar
nearby	minjikan
neck	potak
necklace	ep; rɨmb
needle	pandiŋ; sind; tɨmɨr; tɨmɨrbɨm
nest	taŋgar; yamiŋe tumb
net n.	korot; naŋgɨr
net v.	warkɨ
netbag	mambakɨr
never mind	ayáta
new	iro
newborn n.	karar ror; mbomɨŋj
night	ikur; makarkɨ
nipple	minŋa iru; ŋgatma min
no	wákare
noise	mɨrɨŋ; pakras; pɨndɨŋ
noodle	kekékato
noose	saŋgrɨwat
nose	raw
now	ene
nowadays	ene
nut	kaiŋ; ndekik; ŋgamamber; ŋgawro; wamb
oar	inaŋg
obscenity	wekok
obstructed v.	oski
ocean	mara
of course	kapambínana; ŋguméŋgi
old	kowot; rowe
on top	mbokaknɨ; wo
one	nambar; mbatep
oneself	neker; ŋano; ŋanokɨ
open v.	kra; pwak-(p)-o; siŋ; tapraw
opening	tutuw
oppose v.	perei
opposite side	osi
organize v.	simb
orgasm n.	meŋemeŋe; ponjame
ours	yimen
out of wedlock	nder
outside	ato
package n.	ndakɨn
package v.	ndakɨn-(p)-o
pain n.	mbɨd
pain v.	mbɨdkɨ
paint v.	rambu
palm of hand	ndaramŋa imin
palm frond	kondew; mbaŋaw; pandɨm
pancake	momorɨk; tamwai
pancreas	minjinai
pandanus	tar
papaya	eŋginmandama batambur
parrot	karar
part n.	at; taw
pass by v.	ŋgadir-(p)-i
patterned	tɨtɨmb
peak	tumb(ŋa) bwar
peek	eitatɨkɨ
peel n.	ndadab; ŋgakraw
peel v.	ei; njaw-(p)-o; ŋgakraw-(p)-o
penis	Kokraŋa kup; kondikra okɨ; kóndrɨk; kwem; momor; mond; mondkɨ; nao; ŋgaweiw; piŋin; sambap; temɨŋg; tutuw
perceive v.	kiraw
persuasion	eŋgune eŋgune
phlem	muk
pierce v.	ondir; papku; rowand-(p/w)-ar
pig	agráŋkar (skinny); akan (front leg); amb (place where they wallow); ambnor (jowls); ikower-(p)-or- (sound they make when panicked); kaŋgajiŋ (tusks); kurom(back leg); kwem taro (genitals); mbor (pig); mborabaw (wallow); mbor mɨr (male); mbor onko (young, fertile, female); mborsip (meat); mbwar (fat); murkɨ (growl); nɨmbɨja (skinny); ŋgaibo (skin around jawbone); ŋgamambat (cut of meat); ŋgatnɨmŋa pupur (back bristles); ojirror (small pig); osiŋgir (tusks); ponjame (maturity); sip (meat); werkɨ (snuffle)
pile	kɨt; sumbuŋ
pillow	kokɨparaŋ; tep
pincers	kaŋgajiŋ
pine tree	mbainonoŋ
pipe	kumundat; pundidip
place	yaw
placenta	aiawaŋg; mambakɨr
plant v.	tu-(p)-o; werandru
plant n.	amakato; arɨŋgadew; isirai; kamb; njalat; ŋgat; ŋgɨb; ŋgop; ŋgurub; sambi; sesu; tɨt; tombtomb; yamiŋe tumb
plate	paru (traditional wooden); tawk
platform	tambrak
play v.	emrarkɨ
pleased v.	siŋkɨ
Pleiades	mbiruŋa kɨt; ŋgudumŋa kɨt
pluck v.	ruŋgu
plunge v.	mbar
point v.	munji
poison	ndumdum
poor thing	apran; njakep ror; ŋganokeya; ondɨr ror
pork	mborsip; ŋgagobit; ŋgamambat
portion v.	nɨŋgar
possessions	koŋgon
possum	enamb; warnɨŋg (anal glands)
pot	oŋgab (made of clay); soworoŋgab
pouch	mbubuk; ŋgwar (marsupial)
pour v.	worera okɨ
power	mbunor
powerless	sua
praying mantis	ŋgat
pregnancy	imin
prevent v.	roŋgur
previous	rawnɨ
previously	rɨpɨm
prick	see penis
promiscuous	nder; okemkɨ
puberty	ponjame
pubic hair	anombŋa pupur; sonai
pull out v.	ke-(p)-e; ke-(p/w)-e; wer
pull v.	aŋgu
pummel v.	adádadɨ
pump v.	andugur; aŋ
pumpkin	waru
purposeless	sapki(nɨ)
pus	ŋgido (from eyes); pisimb
push v.	utak; utaXru
put v.	ko-(p)-o (put out); moramorik (buds); ŋgur (generic); tumbu (put down); waksirki (put on); wapaki-(p/w)-arkru (put across); war( inside); war (put inside); waraX (inside); wi-(p/w)-o (put above); wis (put down); wirar (put inside); wor (put aground); wor(aground)
python	pake
question	kotarŋgar
quickly	areinɨ; katkat
quietly	arɨutanɨ; tower
quill	mbwag; sind
race v.	pereipereikirain
storm	kambromtukur
rain	matatak; tukur
rainbow	mamar
rainclouds	akɨjim
rainforest	mbada; mɨri
raise up	mbababin
rash	moprɨndag
rat	kokosik; mangɨm; ŋgabugar
rattan	karat; katom; oimbatak
raw	andŋan; kikak
ready v.	orai
really	ŋayar
recently	muŋgit
recognize v.	kiraw
reconsider v.	urek-(p)-e
reed	sura
reflection	awin nanuk
refuse v.	masipkaki; mnda
remain	arkɨ
remains	mbun
remove v.	is (clothing); wer (pull out); wur (extract); ke-(p/w)-e (extract); nja-(p)-o (spine from tobacco leaf); roŋgur (yams); sambap (husk); tur (remove husk)
request v.	ŋgodɨr
resist v.	masipkakɨ
resistant	kawrɨk
respond v.	ep; sik ep
response	ep
rest v.	purkɨ
restrain v.	tɨmbraXokɨ
return n.	epɨŋgar
rib	ndegib
right hand side	akan eŋgonŋa taw
right hand	akan eŋgon
right leg	ndow eŋgon
right(direction)	eŋgon
ring	kiŋ; ŋawmb; ŋawmbɨ
ripe	prɨk
rise v.	wiki
river	ndirmar
riverbank	mbag
rivulet	mbatɨm
road	nder
roll v.	ndederkɨ; riri; woi
roll around v.	pwikɨ
roll fibers	ir
roll up v.	woi
roof v.	andu
roof shingle	ndagro
rooster	tamro (crest); kokoaraw
root	itaw
rot v.	eriŋeriŋkɨ; mburararakɨ; pisimbkɨ
rotten	nɨmbup (tree or log)
round adj.	ororŋgar
row v.	markɨya okɨ
rub v.	kɨkri-(p/w)-e; isɨkɨ; is; tombtomb
rubbish	pɨnpɨn
ruin v.	mbata
run out	maikɨ; wákarekɨ
run v.	nunumokɨ
runny	awin awin
sadness	naimb
sago flour	muna; muna kokɨr; munakatar
sago frond	kondew
sago grubs	kɨmɨrɨk; komɨ
sago jelly	kopikŋa mum; mum
sago palm sheaths	kondew
sago palm
sago pancake	momorɨk; paŋgɨp; tamwai; tamwaiŋat
sago swamp	wai
sago
salt	kawat
saltwater shell	mborgi
sand	sumbwa kapɨr
sap	nɨŋɨr
sapling	ŋgɨb; titi
say v.	nam
scale	turuw
scar	ndɨdɨk
scorch v.	mbabuŋkɨ
scorpion	katáwa
scrape off v.	pɨŋgrɨm
scrape v.	war; e
scratch v.	tu
scrotum	kondɨŋ; ton
search for v.	amai-(p)-i
secret talk	kɨrat (tobacco); sumbwa (sago flour); tatikem (betel nut)
secretion	ŋgido (from eyes)
see v.	anda-(p/w)-o (not see something or someone); rar
seed	iru; mbatembatep; mot (breadfruit); piŋin; taŋa
seedling	andi; indub; mokɨr; munjesik; oraw
send	mbus-(p)-i
Sepik river	ndirmar
septum	rawŋa sokop
serious v.	rawmɨtkɨ
settle v.	simb
sew	sisir
sexual desire	meŋemeŋe
shaft	marŋgop (oar); uretikimb (spearshaft)
shake v.	ndaw; wakwikkɨ; utukutuk
shake hands	ndaram
shake water off like a do v.	urar
shallow	mbokaknɨ; pwai
shame v.	maikar
shap needle	tɨmɨr
shark	koŋganase
sharp	mɨk
sharpen v.	rur; tu
shave v.	ar; mbwantaw (razor); njaw-(p)-o
she	ŋgu
sheath	kondew; mbubuk; ndadum
shed v.	is
shelf	tambrak; tombet
shell	mborgi; pomiŋg; tawk (coconut)
shield v.	waramkɨ
shield	waram
shin	inaŋg
shit	yɨwɨr
shiver v.	arkar-(p)-ekɨ; mamrarara okɨ
shiver	mamrarara okɨ
shoe	ndow
shoot n.	indub; mbubow; tɨt; titi
shoot v.	mbwajorom (gun); o; ondir; rɨr-(p)-or
shooting star	momorɨk
short	kɨtɨŋɨŋ
shortness of breath	tokro
shoulder	tumbur
shout n.	ŋgar
shout v.	nam; ŋgar
show v.	mamanj-(p)-i
shrimp	sasu
shut up v.	towerkɨ
sick of	mnda
side	ndegib; ŋgagar; taw
signal n.	toremb (by slit-gong drum)
signal v.	nir
silly	mbábasak
similar	mbiknɨ
sing v.	poror
singe v.	ainaj-(p)-e
sip n.	taw
sit v.	tutuku
skill	yam
skin n.	air (white, unhealthy skin); síw (strips of animal skin); toto
skin v.	ei; wetɨkɨ
skink	mbutak
skinned	pwap
skinny	agraŋkar; nɨmbɨja; ŋɨŋg sinder
skull	kokɨrŋan tawk
sky	akɨn
slap v.	nɨmanɨadɨ; nɨmanɨadɨkɨ
sleep v.	takɨ
sleepiness	ŋgugrugai
slide out v.	is
slingshot	tamaŋga
slip v.	sindir
slit gong drum	korareŋgar rumb (summons); piriŋ; rumb (drum); temɨŋg; tep; toremb
slope	tokro
slowly	ariutakɨ; meŋgɨni; neŋgɨnikɨ neŋgɨnikɨ
slurp	mbirupa
smack v.	wakai-(p)-i
small intestine	mɨŋanŋa kup
small talk	potakɨr
smear v.	undɨkɨ
smell n.	ruk
smell v.	rukana tar
smoke n.	ŋguwur
smoke v.	a; ruwond-(p)-i
smooth out v.	simb
snail	pomɨŋgsua
snake
snap fingers v.	adu
snore v.	ŋgrukkɨ
snot	muk; nɨŋgɨr
snout	pinumb
snuffle v.	werkɨ
socket	wormbɨt
soft	pisaipisai
soften	kondidikra okɨ
soiled	ndamɨr
sorcerer	isuk werŋgar munje; poisirŋa munje; wiswis
sorcery	aŋgwar; isuk; isuk werŋgar; mayor; nkɨrkɨr; poisir
sore	ŋgadan; piŋin
sorrow	naimb
soup pot	soworoŋgab
soup	ŋgorɨw; wawan
speak v.	mɨŋmɨŋkɨ (indistinctly); namkɨ
spear n.	maies; marŋgop; mokwa; yir
spear v.	o
spearshaft	akok
spearthrower	arɨw
speech	nam
speed	ŋguruŋ
spider	tomɨktomɨk
spike	atɨm
spill v.	worer
spine	sind; tat; orwo
spirit beings	emári; kandap; mambrag; mbunor
spit v.	njem ru; njemnɨ andu
spittle	arɨt; njem
spleen	eiwa
splinter	tat
spouse	omɨn
spread out v.	tumbu
spread v.	oski
sprinkle v.	risriskɨ
sprout v.	pwar
sputter	mbiodkɨ
squeeze out v.	andugur
stand v.	mbababi; mbar; muŋguku
star	ŋgudum; ŋgoijam; popro
start (as in ‘startle’)	rɨwɨnd
startle	rɨwɨndra aiki
stay awake v.	tombirkɨ
stay v.	arkɨ
steal v.	ndagúnɨ tar
steam	mbin
step on v.	andei-(p)-e; tɨk
stick for beating slit-gong drum	temɨŋg
stick out tongue	nirkɨ
stick to	wawku
stick	mbɨr; nɨmɨr; nimŋat; sambap; temɨŋg
sticky	nɨŋɨrŋan
still born	mbomɨŋj
still	rekɨ
sting v.	tɨ-(p/w)-ar
stingray	mandamandap; nakanaka
stir v.	ndaw; oror
stomach	endekarŋa imin; imin; mburuw
stone axe	mindia
stone	moŋapat; njiŋai; ŋawmbɨ
stone-faced v.	rawmɨtkɨ
stop it	ayáta
story n.	tɨk
straight	simpaknɨ
straighten v.	simpak
strain v.	wur
strangle	ŋgɨt-(p)-o
streaky	kopik
strength	nɨŋg; pawrɨk; ponjame
stretch v.	wekaŋg-(p)-or
string together v.	wit-(p)-i
strip away v.	siŋ
strongheaded	kokɨtok kawrɨk
stubbornness	kokɨrŋan
stump	kɨtɨp
stupid	eiwɨreiwɨr; samba mɨr; sua
stupor	sisiw
suck v.	mbirupa
sufficient	nɨpɨs
sugarcane	yar
sun	arawer
sunlight	arawerŋa aro
support v.	rarekurkɨ
suppress v.	tɨk
surface n.	mbokaknɨ; mbwar
surround v.	oror
swallow v.	malɨt mosop; motɨkXokɨ
swamp	nɨmar; tɨmbar; wai (sago swamp)
swarm	waptuŋgro (fireflies)
swear v	wekoknɨ adu
sweat	tutuk
sweep v.	woi; mburai; mburai-(p)-i
sweet potato	prerikin
sweetness	ŋgow
swim	ndarar
table	tambrak
tadpole	mbokokɨr
tail	mipat; ŋgagon
talk n.	aroŋa nam; (unexpressed talk); atoŋa nam (out in the open talk); kaiknumbŋa nam (talk that hides its true meaning); potakɨr (small talk); wai (concealed talk)
talk v.	nekenɨ warakkɨ (talk on a mobile; phone); namkɨwaiŋgrɨkɨ; warakkɨ
tantrum n.	keŋgeŋ
tantrum v.	keŋgeŋkɨ
taro	manduwar; nom; pendo; watakep
taste n.	ŋgow
taste v.	kiraw
tattered	pɨrɨmat
tattoo	tɨtɨmb
teach v.	irar
team	tambar
tear v.	kra; krakrɨ
teeth	njeŋa rewi (dog teeth); rewi
termite	agu; kamus
termite hill	koaw
termite mound	kamus; kwaw
test v.	towoi
testicle	momor; ŋgaweiw; poŋgrom; símbu
that’s right	ore
theirs	ŋgan
them	ŋgɨ
then	ŋgo (in that case)
there	ainde; anɨnde; anɨnɨnde; aŋgo(de); aŋgi(de); aŋgu(de)
therefore	ŋgɨnana; ŋgɨre
these/those	aŋgeb
they	ŋgɨ
thick	tumb
thief	ndagurgar munje/noŋor
thigh	tataimaŋg; warmis; war
thighbone	kurom (cassowary)
thing	orak
think v.	namkɨ; numbwan i
thirsty	awin potaki
thought	numbwan
thread	merom; pɨŋg
threatening action v.	wai-(p)-e
three	manaw
throat	potak
throb v.	piokpiokkɨ
throb without pain	mbiodkɨ
throw away v.	pɨnjɨrip; wos-(p)-i
throw v.	aŋgurak; arɨw (spear thrower); rɨr-(p)-or (a spear); ru
thumb	ndaramŋa oŋko
thump v.	tawai
thunder	aruat
thus	níme; nande(n)
thusly	aike
tickle v.	kɨkri-(p/w)-e
tide	awinŋa naŋgatik
tie v.	andugur; er; isuk; mɨŋg; ŋgɨt-(p)-o; ŋgɨti-(p/w)-arpapakndam; rup
tighten v.	nɨmnɨmkɨ
time	orom
tip n.	iru; ŋgino; tɨt
tire v.	sisiwokɨ
tired	mnda
tobacco	sokoi; kirat
today	ene
toe	mburko; ndowŋa gagɨt; ndowŋa oŋko; sikrim
together	ndakop
toilet	mbadaŋa patɨr
Tok Pisin	eŋgin mer
tomorrow	epi
tongs	kinda
tongue	malɨt
too	tɨ
tooth	rewi
top n.	kik; koi
torch	papembɨr
tough	kawrɨk
traditional knowledge	misikap
trample v.	naw o; naw okɨ
translate v.	urek-(p)-e
trap	saŋgrɨwat
tree bark	aikesim; atunuŋg; ei; induw; karam; kɨmɨtak; kinj; mayor; mbaŋaw; mis; mwarmbwam; ndadab; njalat; noni; ombuto; pandɨm; perumb; suawuk; waram taw; wind; yimbram
tree kangaroo	kanuŋg
tree pod	kaiŋ; kowir
tree	areŋg; asáŋgo; atunuŋg; awin; itaw; kandum; karam; karep; kindip; kinj; kɨtɨp; koi; kondew; kotriŋg; kowe; maior; mayor; mbaŋaw; mberɨg; mbɨj; mbwar; ndabe; ndaburak; ndadab; ndekik; nɨm (generic); nɨmbup; nɨr; njegagɨp; nuruw; ŋgimraw; ŋgorɨŋsua; ombuto; orom; pandɨm; pap; pendimor; ruk; sanamb; send; serek; suawuk; tar; tokro; tomɨr; toŋgodip; wamb; wind; yit
tremor v.	wakwikkɨ
trip v.	adɨokɨ
truly	ŋayar; ŋayor
try v.	towoi
tuck v.	wa-(p/w)-ar
turn back v.	waruk-(p)-ekɨ
turn upside down	waksirki
turn v.	urek-(p)-e
turtle	pawp
tusk	kaŋgajiŋ; osiŋgir
twin n.	moramori; takrot
twist v.	irik-(p)-e; ŋgadogadi
two	sene
umbilical cord	imin sukumŋa grɨp
uncle	atawo; wow
unclean	ndamɨr
unconcealed	mborkinɨ
uncooked	kikak
under	kandaŋnɨ; sire
underneath	iminnɨ
underside	sek
uneducated	mɨriŋa munje
unexpected adj	sinder
unit	mbatep
unripe	eiwɨr; mandig
unskilled	sua
untie	prak
up	wurɨ
upper back	ŋgamamb
urethra	iru; kewmŋa iru; kwemŋa tutuw; manɨŋg; piŋin
urinate	nok ar
urine	nok
us	yim
useless	sua
uterus	mambakɨr
uvula	malɨt mosop
vagina	eporaŋ; man; mbominj; ndabe; ŋgado; ŋgaibo; ŋgwab; nao; piŋin; oyaŋ; sambaŋa kandaw; sonai; warnɨŋg; yit
vaginal fistula	tamro
vegetable	andu (gather); njapar; ŋgat; saim (basket for carrying); toromb (generic)
vein	itaw; símbu
veranda	pɨk
village	num
vine	kandap oŋgab; maiŋye; makemaka; mambragegak; muŋap; ŋgakrawmunjik; orŋarak
vomit n.	kambwan
vomit v.	kambwan ambuvulgar
vulva	ŋgado; man taw; manŋa nao
waistbelt	apɨrɨt; endo
wait v.	aru-(p)-oi; aru-(p)-okɨ
wake someone v.	and-(p)-o
walk around v.	ikruk; waikɨ
walking stick	nekan
wall	kɨndɨt; tandaŋ
wallow n	amb (where pigs wallow)
wank	eikɨ; wetɨkɨ
want v.	arei; tete-(p)e
warp v.	wupitapikɨ
wart	nɨm
wash v.	pɨt; tuw; tuwku
wash sago v.	eiwkɨ
wasp	kɨkri
watch n.	wɨr
watch out	numbwan rekɨ
water deity	emári; mɨnuomb
water	awin; awin pomɨŋg (energized by the spirits of the dead)
wattle	tamroŋa kup
wave away	emb
wave on sea	kuŋgun
way of doing things	morasi
we	yim
wear v	wi-(p/w)-o
well adv.	tandiw
well for drawing water	awin kapur
west	arawer sirŋgar taw
wet adj.	njawap
wet v.	njawapkɨ
what	ambin; ambukŋa nanunkŋa (what does it look like?); ambukŋa tɨtɨmbŋa (what color?)
when	ana sokop
where	ana(knɨ)
which	ambukŋa
whisper n.	namasapi
whisper v.	namasapikɨ
whistle n.	mokwa; powow
whistle v.	mokwa nir
white hair	ŋgomkokɨrŋa
white man	eŋgin munje
white people	embátoto; eŋgin
white	puwas
who	ani
whose	animat
why	ambin ana
wide	tapraw
widen v.	tapraw
wild ball	tamro
willingfulness	kokɨr
wind	awar; mbankap; mbunim; ŋgamai; pora
windpipe	ŋgar orom
wing	arɨt
wink v.	ŋgino; tɨk
wire	ambrɨm; numun; tɨmɨr
wisdom	misikap
with	anire
wolf whistle	powow
woman	noŋor
wood louse	tɨtɨpreŋ
wood	mbɨr; otar kut
work n.	pruk
work v.	prukkɨ
worm	kekékato
worry n.	naimb; wureŋgar
worry v.	wur-(p)-ekɨ; wure
wrap up v.	ndakɨn-(p)-o
wring v.	irik-(p)-e
wrinkle v.	mɨnɨmbkɨ
wrist	ŋgomar oŋgar
yam	ambobaŋ; amor; moŋom; nono
yawn v.	andadɨkɨ; apɨk
yellow	kɨkɨuw
yelp v.	andruku
yes	awo; ore
yesterday	ewar
yet	ŋgo; wakare rekɨ
you	yu
you pl	yum
young person	mambɨr
yours sg	yuwon
yours pl	yumon

Selected topical vocabulary

Selected Tayap words from Kulick and Terrill (2019: 442-454):

Vertebrates

English gloss	Tayap
pig	mbor
domesticated dog	nje
tree possum, cuscus	enamb
ground possum	síw
bandicoot	sasik
rat, mouse	ŋgabugar, kokosik, njip, mangɨm
sugar glider	ŋgesiŋe
flying fox	njakep
bat	sumusumu
tree kangaroo species	kanuŋg
crocodile	orem
snake	aram
snake, types of	ambonor; arambwar; aramŋgor; atemb; karewa; kanakai aramŋgor; nɨŋɨr aram; pake; and
venomous snake species	mbumjor; kombɨn
lizard, types of	agin; akirónda; amanep; mbutak; ŋgararik; ŋgogrodak; ŋgurbewat; kurbi; masukondep; onjaŋnoŋor; tapetak
frog	pasákeke
large brown water bullfrog	uráŋgeba
tadpole	mbókokɨr < kokɨr ‘head’
fish	ŋgomar
freshwater fish	aiyo, ndɨdɨmaŋ, ŋgomákokɨr, orɨnd, semb
catfish	tokine
large eel	ŋgem

Invertebrates

English gloss	Tayap
shrimp	sasu
small shrimp	sasupat
freshwater lobster	keymare
crab	kosep, ŋgarorak, sasápoke
hermit crab	pisik
shelled slug	kandip
clam, types of	eporaŋ, oyaŋ
mosquito	at
mosquito, type of	aiawaŋgar; indagawr; iurok; mbunbun; mɨriŋa at; njakepma arɨt; njeyewɨr at; ŋgurpan
ant	sɨwɨr
ant, type of	kandap; ŋgugrub; kambobai; rewitoto; sɨwɨrdɨdɨm; sɨwɨrkararkarar
termite	agu; kamus
spider	tomɨktomɨk
spider of the ground	tomɨktomɨk sumbwaŋa
house spider	tomɨktomɨk patɨrŋa (lit. ‘spider of the house’)
centipede	yandum
firefly	ŋgudum
bee	mbadɨŋ
bee, type of	kunemb; arúmbatak; metawr
butterfly, moth	mumuk
caterpillars without fur	atɨr
caterpillars with fur	nɨŋgasin
beetle	tutumb
beetle, type of	arawer; mbirkraw onko; ŋgabugrip
beetle grub, type of	kɨmɨrɨk; komɨ; urukuruk
wasp	kɨkri
fly	arúmbatak
biting horsefly	tetei
blue fly	arúmbatak wasow (literally ’fly death’)
fruit fly, gnat	ipipir
scorpion	katáwa
millipede	kakámatik
walking stick	nekan
praying mantis	ŋgat (also ‘cassowary’)
worm	kekékato
earwig	ikinŋan yandum
wood louse	tɨtɨpreŋ
cicada	ŋgaratgarat, kikik
grasshopper	njojok, njajak
cockroach	sasawraŋ, numbutik
bedbug	ndedeŋ
flea	itum
louse	pakɨnd
leech	mbímaŋ
mite	kandap

Sago-related vocabulary

English gloss	Tayap
flour	muna
a kind of rubbery pancake	tamwai
broken pot shard	pambram
tennis ball-sized sago chunk	muna kokɨr, which literally means ‘sago head’
fire	paŋgɨp
congeal	munakumund
sago jelly	mum
sago soup	wawan
large chisel	makor or yasuk
tree	wot
crown of the palm	mar
sawdust	tawar
long funnel	iko or ndadum
coconut fiber strainer	waris
palm fronds	kondew
cakes of sago flour	munakatar
small benches made of branches	kokɨparaŋ
short sago-pounder made of a single piece of wood	yasuk
basket	saiput

In Tayap, a felled sago palm tree can be divided into 7 parts. The Tayap names are listed below, from the base (wot) to the crown (mar) (Kulick & Terrill 2019: 454).

• wot
• wotŋa orom
• orom
• ndagŋa orom
• ndag
• marŋa orom
• mar

The word orom means ‘in the vicinity of’.

Clan names

There are five Tayap clans:

English gloss	Tayap
crocodile	orem
dog	nje
parrot	karar
pig	mbor
flying fox	njakep

Comparison

The comparative vocabulary table below, adapted from Kulick and Terrill (2019: 11-12) and Foley (2005), demonstrates the lexical aberrancy of Tayap as compared to the surrounding Lower Sepik languages. Cultural vocabulary such as 'village', 'canoe', 'oar', and 'lime', as well as the words for 'water' and 'eat', are shared with Lower Sepik languages. The word 'moon' is also shared with Kopar. However, most basic vocabulary items have no cognates in surrounding languages.

English gloss	Tayap	proto- Lower Sepik	Kopar	Yimas	Karawi	Chambri	Angrm	Murik
one	nambar	*mb(w)ia-	mbatep	mpa-	mba-	mbwia-	mbia-	abe
two	sene	*ri-pa-	kombari	-rpal	ripay	-ri	-(lɨ)par	kobo
three	manaw	*-ram	keremɨŋ	-ramnaw	-rianmaw	-ram	-elɨm	keroŋgo
person	munje 'man'	*nor	nor	nar-maŋ	yarmasɨnar	noranan		nor
male	mɨŋan	*pon		panmal	panmari		pondo	puin
woman	noŋor	*ŋay	nana	ŋay	asay	kaye	nuŋor	ŋai
water	awin	*arɨm	arɨm	arɨm	arɨm	arɨm	alɨm	arɨm
fire	otar	*awr	awr	awt	awi	ayɨr	aluŋ	awr
sun	arawer		akɨn	tɨmal	sɨmari	sɨnmari	mbwino	akɨn
moon	karep	*m(w)il ?	karep	mɨla	tuŋkwi	mwɨl	mɨle	karewan
star	ŋgudum, ŋgoijam, popro		kinaŋ	awak	suŋkwiɲcirim	suŋgwi	areɲjo	moai
canoe	kaikro, kaisar	*kay	kain	kay	kay	ke	ke	gain
house	njam		indan	nam	yam	kurɨr	nam	iran
village	num	*num	numot	num	imuŋka	num	num	nomot
breast	min	*nɨŋgay	niŋgin	nɨŋay	ɲjay	nɨŋke	ŋge	niŋgen
tooth	rewi	*sisiŋk ?	asirap	tɨrɨŋ	sɨsɨŋ	sraŋk	sisiŋ	asarap
blood	and	*ya-	yuwaran	yat	yay	yari	ayakone	yaran
bone	nɨŋg	*sariŋamp	sarekimp	tanɨm	tanɨm	anamp	salɨŋ	sariŋib̩
tongue	malɨt	*minɨŋ	mimiŋ	mɨɲɨŋ	mumɨɲɨŋ	tɨbulaniŋk	mɨnɨŋ	menɨŋ
eye	ŋgino	*tambri	nambrin	tuŋkuruŋ	sampɨs	sɨsiŋk	tambli	nabrin
nose	raw		imbot	tɨkay	ipun	wambusu	naŋɨm	daur
leg	akan, ndow, mburkow	*namuŋk	namɨŋ	pamuŋ	pamuŋ	namaŋk	namuŋ
hair	kokɨrŋgrɨt		ruar	wapwi	wampi	yawi	mbwikmaley	dwar
ear	neke	*kwand-	kundot	kwantumuŋ	kwandukas	kukunam	kwandum	karekep
egg	naŋa	*awŋ	awŋ	awŋ	yawŋ	awŋk	awŋ	gaug
leaf	mayar	*nɨmpramp	nɨmbiraŋ	nɨmprɨm	yimprɨm	nɨmpramp	namblum	nabirɨk
yesterday / tomorrow	ewar / epi	*ŋarɨŋ	rari	ŋarɨŋ	arɨŋ	namasɨnɨŋ	nakɨmɨn	ŋarɨŋ
oar	inaŋg	*(mɨ)naŋ	naŋ	muraŋ	mɨnaŋ	naŋk	inap	inaŋ
betelnut	minjike	*poruŋ	puruŋ	patn	payn	muntɨkɨn	parɨŋ	porog
lime	air	*awi(r)	air	awi	as	ayɨr	awer	air
pig	mbor	*numpran	nɨmbren	numpran	impian	numpran	imbar	nɨmbren
crocodile	orem		uri	manpa	manpo	ayi	walami	oramen
snake	aram	*wakɨn	ikun	wakɨn	wakɨn	wan	paruŋ	wakɨn
mosquito	at	*naŋgun	nangɨt	naŋkun	yaŋkun	naŋgun	wawarɨn	nauk
ground	numat, sumbwa	*andi	andin	anti	anti	nɨŋkrump	andi	agin
feces	yɨwɨr	*mɨndi	mɨndɨ	mɨlɨm	mɨnti	muɲjar	mɨndi	mɨndɨn
hear	tar	*and-	nda	andɨ	andu	andɨ	andɨ	dɨn
hit	adu, o	*di	nɨŋ	tupul	kurar	dɨɨ	ti	di
eat	a	*am(b)	ma	am(b)	am(b)	am(b)	am(b)	mɨn
go	okɨ	*wa	wa	wa	kuria	kal	wa	on
come	aiki	*ya	ya	ya	kurapia	ya	ya	ya
sit	tutuku	*sa	nda	tay	sa	nda		sa
big	mɨr, suman	*kupa	kapu	kɨpa	kupa	wupa	kupa	apo
cold		*sarV-	sarapakin	tarɨk	sarɨk	saruk	popant