豚
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]豚 (Kangxi radical 152, 豕+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月一尸人 (BMSO), four-corner 71232, composition ⿰月豕)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1194, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36352
- Dae Jaweon: page 1657, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3611, character 8
- Unihan data for U+8C5A
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 豚 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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|
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 肉 (“meat”) + 豕 (“pig”).
Etymology 1
[edit]| trad. | 豚 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 豚 | |
| alternative forms | 豘 肫 | |
Probably related to 彖 (OC *l̥ʰoːns, “running pig”) and 貒 (OC *tʰoːn, “hog badger”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Outside of Chinese, it is probably related to Proto-Mien *duŋᴮ (“pig”) (Sagart, 1999; Schuessler, 2007; Ratliff, 2010).
Vovin speculates a link to Common Turkic *toŋuz (“pig”) and Middle Korean 돝 (twòth, “pig”) (Vovin, 2011).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tyun4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thùn
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thûn
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6den
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tún
- Wade–Giles: tʻun2
- Yale: twún
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twen
- Palladius: тунь (tunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu̯ən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: tyun4
- Yale: tyùhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: tyn4
- Guangdong Romanization: tün4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰyːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thùn
- Hakka Romanization System: tunˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tun2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰun¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: dwon
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤu[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*duːn/
Definitions
[edit]豚
- piglet; suckling pig
- (by extension) pig
- (Internet slang, derogatory) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}. - a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 么豚暮鷚
- 信及豚魚 / 信及豚鱼
- 兩廡豚 / 两庑豚
- 化及豚魚 / 化及豚鱼
- 圈豚
- 土豚 (tǔtún)
- 孤豚
- 孤豚腐鼠
- 戴雞佩豚 / 戴鸡佩豚
- 敝鼓喪豚 / 敝鼓丧豚
- 景升豚犬
- 梅河豚
- 楊豚 / 杨豚
- 江豚 (jiāngtún)
- 河豚 (hétún, “blowfish”)
- 海豚 (hǎitún, “dolphin”)
- 海豚座 (Hǎitúnzuò)
- 海豚泳
- 炮豚
- 烝豚
- 蒸豚
- 燔黍捭豚
- 燔黍擘豚
- 珠豚
- 瘠牛僨豚 / 瘠牛偾豚
- 瘠牛羸豚
- 白鰭豚 / 白鳍豚 (báiqítún)
- 豚佩
- 豚兒 / 豚儿 (tún'ér)
- 豚兒犬子 / 豚儿犬子
- 豚子
- 豚尾
- 豚拍
- 豚柵 / 豚栅
- 豚犢 / 豚犊
- 豚犬 (túnquǎn)
- 豚耳
- 豚肘
- 豚肩
- 豚胉
- 豚脅 / 豚胁
- 豚腸草 / 豚肠草
- 豚臑
- 豚草 (túncǎo, “common ragweed”)
- 豚解
- 豚豚
- 豚蹄
- 豚蹄
- 豚蹄穰田
- 豚酒
- 豚醪
- 豚魚 / 豚鱼
- 豚鼠 (túnshǔ, “guinea pig”)
- 豭豚
- 賁豚 / 贲豚
- 雞豚 / 鸡豚 (jītún)
- 雞豚之息 / 鸡豚之息
- 雞豚社 / 鸡豚社
- 飲豚 / 饮豚
- 鱖豚 / 鳜豚
- 黍豚
Etymology 2
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 豚 – see 䐁 (“vulva”). (This character is a variant form of 䐁). |
Etymology 3
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 豚 – see 墩 (“mound”). (This character is an obsolete form of 墩). |
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]豚
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 猪豚 (inobuta, “wild boar-pig hybrid”)
- 海豚 (iruka, “dolphin”)
- 黒豚 (kurobuta, “Berkshire pig”)
- 酢豚 (subuta, “sweet-and-sour pork”)
- 土豚 (tsuchibuta, “aardvark”)
- 豚カツ (tonkatsu, “tonkatsu”)
- 豚血下地 (tonketsushitaji)
- 豚犬 (tonken, “pig and dog; fool; my child”)
- 豚骨 (tonkotsu, “tonkotsu”)
- 豚コレラ (tonkorera): hog cholera
- 豚脂 (tonshi, “lard”)
- 豚児 (tonji, “piglet; my child”)
- 豚舎 (tonsha, “pigsty (enclosure where pigs are kept)”)
- 豚汁 (tonjiru), 豚汁 (butajiru, “pork miso soup”)
- 豚足 (tonsoku, “pig's trotters”)
- 河豚 (fugu), 河豚 (katon): blowfish
- 豚尾猿 (butaozaru, “southern pig-tailed macaque”)
- 豚草 (butakusa, “common ragweed”)
- 豚小屋 (butagoya, “pigsty (enclosure where pigs are kept); pigsty (dirty or very untidy place)”)
- 豚しゃぶ (butashabu)
- 豚肉 (butaniku), 豚肉 (tonniku, “pork”)
- 豚に真珠 (buta ni shinju, “pearls before swine”)
- 豚の饅頭 (buta no manjū, “cyclamen”)
- 豚箱 (butabako, “police cell”)
- 豚鼻蝙蝠 (butabanakōmori, “Kitti's hog-nosed bat”)
- 豚饅 (butaman, “nikuman”)
- 豚もおだてりゃ木に登る (buta mo odaterya ki ni boru)
- ミニ豚 (minibuta, “minipig”)
- 焼き豚 (yakibuta, “char siu, a style of barbecue pork wherein the meat is trussed, marinated, skewered, and then roasted”)
- 養豚 (yōton, “porciculture”)
- 豚丼 (butadon): pork donburi
Etymology
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 豚 |
| ぶた Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 豕 |
First attested in the mid-Muromachi period, some time in the late 1480s.[1]
Derivation ultimately unknown.
Some sources list possible theories:[2][3][4]
- A shift from 太 (futo, “fatty (fat individual), fatness”)
- The vowel shift and voicing required to go from futo to buta seem problematic, considering Japanese sound shift patterns.
- Cognate with Okinawan ぶたさん (butasan, “fat”).
- An onomatopoeia from the sound the animal makes, realized in Japanese as ブー (bū)
- The final -ta remains unexplained.
- Some combination of the two above
- A shift from 猪太 (ibuto, literally “swine + fatty”)
- Attestable online, but not found in Japanese etymological resources. Difficult to judge provenance or timing.
- A borrowing from Korean or Mongolian
The word butakal appears in several languages of the Philippines with a sense of boar (male pig), suggesting a possible source. However, any connection with an Austronesian language is only speculation.
The kanji is from Chinese 豚 (tún, “suckling pig”). Compare Japanese 猪 (inoshishi, “boar”) from Chinese 猪 (zhū, “pig”) and Japanese 猿 (saru, “monkey”) from Chinese 猿 (yuán, “ape”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- [from late 1480s] pig; swine
- [from 1703] (derogatory) a fat person, an unattractive woman
- [from 1846] pork (the meat)
- [from 1960] a wild boar
- Synonym: 猪 (i, inoshishi)
- [from 1723] a hand of cards worth zero (such as 8–9–3 totalling 20, which is equivalent to zero), in Baccarat-like three-card games such as おいちょかぶ
- 1723 (享保八年), 竹田出雲 [Takeda Izumo] and 和田文耕堂 [Matsuda Bunkōdō],〈大塔宮曦鎧〉 [Ōtō no Miya Asahi no Yoroi]
- しらがまじりがまく歌流多。かはゝ川越播磨ノ守。六々八のひつはりぶた。先六はらのあたまをちよつる。次のかるたは八九三。是もめでたし鎌倉ぶた。根こぎにしやんとかき込し親は。二三四のぼり九寸。
- 1723 (享保八年), 竹田出雲 [Takeda Izumo] and 和田文耕堂 [Matsuda Bunkōdō],〈大塔宮曦鎧〉 [Ōtō no Miya Asahi no Yoroi]
- [from ???] (colloquial, poker) synonym of ハイカード (hai kādo, “high card”): a no pair, a hand without even a pair (probably a modification of the term for a zero-valued card hand)
- 2000 July 7 [2000 May 17], Seimaru Amagi with Sato, Fumiya, “FILE 1 殺人ポーカー Unlucky Men in the Rain 〈問題編〉 [FILE 1: Murderous Poker: Unlucky Men in the Rain ‹Problem›]”, in 明智警視の優雅なる事件簿 [Superintendent Akechi Elegant Case Files], 3rd edition (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN:
- 赤菱さんのカードは８とＪのツーペア‥‥三矢さんはＡのスリーカード 雲間さんはＱのワンペア 緑川さんは役なし‥‥
- Akabishi-san no kādo wa hachi to jakku no tsū-pea... Mitsuya-san wa ēsu no surī-kādo, Kumoma-san wa kuīn no wan-pea, Midorikawa-san wa buta...
- Akabishi-san’s hand would have a two pair, eights and jacks‥‥ Mitsuya-san’s a three of a kind, aces. Kumoma-san’s a one pair, queens. Midorikawa-san’s a high card...
Usage notes
[edit]- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ブタ.
Derived terms
[edit]- → Ainu: プタ (puta)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ “豚・豕”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ “ブタ／豚／ぶた”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2024.
- ^ 日本辞典 (Nihon Jiten, “Japan Dictionary”), entry for buta available online here (in Japanese)
- ^ 由来・語源辞典 (Yurai / Gogen Jiten, “Derivation / Etymology Dictionary”), entry for buta available online here (in Japanese)
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 豚 (MC dwon).
Recorded as Middle Korean 똔 (Yale: ttwon) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 돈 (twon) (Yale: twon) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]豚
Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]/ʔuwaː/ → /ʔwaː/
From Proto-Ryukyuan *uwa. Cognate with Yoron っわー ('wā, “pig”), Tokunoshima っわー ('wā, “pig”), Miyako わー (wā, vā, “pig”), Yaeyama おー (ō, “pig”), Yonaguni わー (wā, “pig”).
Likely not related to Japanese 豚 (buta, “pig, swine, hog”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]豚 ('wā)
References
[edit]- “っわー・うゎー・ぅわー【豚・豕】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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