海豚
Chinese
[edit]ocean; sea | suckling pig | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (海豚) | 海 | 豚 | |
simp. #(海豚) | 海 | 豚 |
Etymology
[edit]Native formation, attested abundantly in the Classical era. Also 海豨 (hǎixī, literally “sea-pig”), 江豚 (jiāngtún, literally “river-pig”). Semantically compare English mereswine (“porpoise or dolphin”, literally “sea-pig”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi2 tyun4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hói-thùn
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5he-den
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ ㄊㄨㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hǎitún
- Wade–Giles: hai3-tʻun2
- Yale: hǎi-twún
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haetwen
- Palladius: хайтунь (xajtunʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰu̯ən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: hoi2 tyun4
- Yale: hói tyùhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoi2 tyn4
- Guangdong Romanization: hoi2 tün4
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔːi̯³⁵ tʰyːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hói-thùn
- Hakka Romanization System: hoiˋ tunˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hoi3 tun2
- Sinological IPA: /hoi̯³¹ tʰun¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: xojX dwon
Noun
[edit]海豚
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
いるか | |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
jukujikun |
Alternative spellings |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) 鯆 (rare) |
From Old Japanese. Attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the phonetic spelling 入鹿魚.[1]
Further etymology Uncertain. One of the possible native-Japanese theories is that this was originally a compound of Old Japanese elements 魚 (iwo, “fish”) + 食 (uka, “food, something used as food”), with the following sound shifts.
- /iwo uka/ → /iru uka/ → /iruka/
Another possibility is that it was a borrowing from Ainu. Compare Sakhalin Ainu リク (riku), イリク (iriku), or Kuril Ainu リカ (rika, “whale”).[2][3] Given the unlikely sound shift required for the Old Japanese derivation and the lack of cognates in the Ryukyuan languages (see Proto-Ryukyuan *peto), an origin from Ainu seems more likely.
The spelling 海豚, which literally means “sea pig”, is from Chinese 海豚 (hǎitún).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イルカ.
Derived terms
[edit]- 海豚座 (Irukaza): Dolphin constellation, Delphinus
- 鼠海豚 (nezumi iruka): harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 107
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2022) “Ainu elements in early Japonic”, in Handbook of the Ainu Language,
- ^ 2005, Martine Robbeets (2005:190) Is Japanese Related to Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic?
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Kikai
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚 (fītu).
Noun
[edit]海豚 or 海豚 (fitu or pitu)
Kunigami
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚 (fītu).
Noun
[edit]海豚 (hīthui)
Northern Amami Ōshima
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚 (fītu).
Noun
[edit]海豚 (hutu)
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”).
Noun
[edit]海豚 (fītu)
Southern Amami Ōshima
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚 (fītu).
Noun
[edit]海豚 (hutu)
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 海
- Chinese terms spelled with 豚
- zh:Cetaceans
- Japanese terms spelled with 海
- Japanese terms spelled with 豚
- Japanese terms read with jukujikun
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with unknown etymologies
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms borrowed from Ainu
- Japanese terms derived from Ainu
- Japanese terms derived from Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- ja:Cetaceans
- Kikai terms spelled with 海
- Kikai terms spelled with 豚
- Kikai terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Kikai terms derived from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Kikai lemmas
- Kikai nouns
- Kikai terms with multiple readings
- Kikai terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Kikai terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Kikai terms with 2 kanji
- kzg:Cetaceans
- Kunigami terms spelled with 海
- Kunigami terms spelled with 豚
- Kunigami terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Kunigami terms derived from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Kunigami lemmas
- Kunigami nouns
- Kunigami terms with multiple readings
- Kunigami terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Kunigami terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Kunigami terms with 2 kanji
- xug:Cetaceans
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with 海
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with 豚
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms derived from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Northern Amami Ōshima lemmas
- Northern Amami Ōshima nouns
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms with multiple readings
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms with 2 kanji
- ryn:Cetaceans
- Okinawan terms spelled with 海
- Okinawan terms spelled with 豚
- Okinawan terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Okinawan terms derived from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Okinawan terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Okinawan terms with 2 kanji
- ryu:Cetaceans
- Southern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with 海
- Southern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with 豚
- Southern Amami Ōshima terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Southern Amami Ōshima terms derived from Proto-Ryukyuan
- Southern Amami Ōshima lemmas
- Southern Amami Ōshima nouns
- Southern Amami Ōshima terms with multiple readings
- Southern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Southern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Southern Amami Ōshima terms with 2 kanji
- ams:Cetaceans