海豚

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Chinese

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ocean; sea suckling pig
trad. (海豚) 海 豚
simp. #(海豚) 海 豚

Etymology

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Native formation, attested abundantly in the Classical era. Also 海豨 (hǎixī, literally “sea-pig”), 江豚 (jiāngtún, literally “river-pig”). Semantically compare English mereswine (“porpoise or dolphin”, literally “sea-pig”).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 海 豚
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 咍 (41) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 呼改切 徒渾切
Baxter xojX dwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hʌiX/ /duən/
Pan
Wuyun 		/həiX/ /duon/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xɒiX/ /duən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/həjX/ /dwən/
Li
Rong 		/xᴀiX/ /duən/
Wang
Li 		/xɒiX/ /duən/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xɑ̆iX/ /dʱuən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hǎi tún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hoi2 teon4

Noun

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海豚

  1. dolphin

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 海豚 (“dolphin”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 海豨
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 海豚
Taxonomic name 海豚
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 海豚
Singapore 海豚
Cantonese Guangzhou 海豬, 海豚
Hong Kong 海豚
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 海豚, 海豬
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 海豚
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 海豚
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 海豚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 海豚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 海豬
Southern Min Xiamen 白鰗, 海豬, 媽祖婆魚, 媽祖魚, 鎮港魚
Zhangzhou 白鰗, 媽祖婆魚, 媽祖魚, 鎮港魚
Taipei 海豬仔
Taipei (Wanhua) 海豬
New Taipei (Sanxia) 海豬仔
Kaohsiung 海豬, 烏鯃
Yilan 海豬仔, 海豬
Changhua (Lukang) 海豬仔, 海豬
Taichung 海豬
Taichung (Wuqi) 海豬
Tainan 海豬仔, 海豬
Taitung 海豬
Taitung (Green Island) 烏鯃
Hsinchu 海豬, 海豬仔
Pingtung (Liuqiu) 烏鯃
Kinmen 海豬
Penghu (Magong) 海鼠, 烏鯃
Penghu (Pengnan) 海鼠
Penghu (Xiyu) 海鼠
Penghu (Huxi) 海鼠
Penghu (Wangan) 海鼠
Penghu (Cimei) 海鼠, 烏鯃
Penghu (Huayu) 烏鯃
Penghu (Zhongtun) 海鼠
Penghu (Houliao) 海鼠
Penghu (Tongliang) 海鼠, 烏鯃, 白鯃
Penghu (Jibei) 烏鯃, 白鯃
Singapore (Hokkien) 海豬
Nan'ao (Houzhai) 白吳
Puxian Min Putian 海豬
Xianyou 海豬
Wu Shanghai 海豚

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (海豚):
  • → Korean: 해돈(海豚) (haedon)

Japanese

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
海豚 (iruka): a dolphin or porpoise.

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
海 豚
いるか
Grade: 2 Grade: S
jukujikun
Alternative spellings
海豚 (kyūjitai)
鯆 (rare)

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the phonetic spelling 入鹿魚.[1]

Further etymology Uncertain. One of the possible native-Japanese theories is that this was originally a compound of Old Japanese elements 魚 (iwo, “fish”) +‎ 食 (uka, “food, something used as food”), with the following sound shifts.

/iwo uka/ → /iru uka/ → /iruka/

Another possibility is that it was a borrowing from Ainu. Compare Sakhalin Ainu リク (riku), イリク (iriku), or Kuril Ainu リカ (rika, “whale”).[2][3] Given the unlikely sound shift required for the Old Japanese derivation and the lack of cognates in the Ryukyuan languages (see Proto-Ryukyuan *peto), an origin from Ainu seems more likely.

The spelling 海豚, which literally means “sea pig”, is from Chinese 海豚 (hǎitún).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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海豚(いるか) or 海豚(イルカ) • (iruka) 

  1. a dolphin or porpoise (the mammal)

Usage notes

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Derived terms

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Derived terms

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 107
  2. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2022) “Ainu elements in early Japonic”, in Handbook of the Ainu Language, →DOI
  3. ^ 2005, Martine Robbeets (2005:190) Is Japanese Related to Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic?
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Kikai

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Kanji in this term
海 豚
Grade: 2 Grade: S
Alternative spelling
海豚 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

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From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚(ふぃーとぅ) (fītu).

Noun

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海豚(ふぃとぅ) or 海豚(ぴとぅ) (fitu or pitu) 

  1. dolphin

Kunigami

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Kanji in this term
海 豚
Grade: 2 Grade: S
Alternative spelling
海豚 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

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From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚(ふぃーとぅ) (fītu).

Noun

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海豚(ひーとぅい) (hīthui) 

  1. dolphin

Northern Amami Ōshima

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Kanji in this term
海 豚
Grade: 2 Grade: S
Alternative spelling
海豚 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

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From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚(ふぃーとぅ) (fītu).

Noun

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海豚(ふとぅ) (hutu) 

  1. dolphin

Okinawan

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Kanji in this term
海 豚
Grade: 2 Grade: S
Alternative spelling
海豚 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

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From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”).

Noun

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海豚(ふぃーとぅ) (fītu) 

  1. dolphin

Southern Amami Ōshima

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Kanji in this term
海 豚
Grade: 2 Grade: S
Alternative spelling
海豚 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

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From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚(ふぃーとぅ) (fītu).

Noun

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海豚(ふとぅ) (hutu) 

  1. dolphin
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