保險

See also: 保险

Chinese

		to defend; to protect; to insure or guarantee to defend; to protect; to insure or guarantee; to maintain; hold or keep; to guard	danger(ous); rugged
trad. (保險)		保	險
simp. (保险)		保	险

Etymology

"insurance"

First attested in the 1860s, in English and Chinese Dictionary: With the Punti and Mandarin Pronunciation [1866] by German missionary Wilhelm Lobscheid.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bǎoxiǎn

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bou² him²
• Gan (Wiktionary): bau³ xien³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pó-hiám
• Northern Min (KCR): bǎu-hǐng
• Eastern Min (BUC): bō̤-hiēng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pó-hiám

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bo² hiam²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵pau-shi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǎoxiǎn [Phonetic: báoxiǎn]
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄒㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǎosiǎn
    • Wade–Giles: pao³-hsien³
    • Yale: bǎu-syǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baoshean
    • Palladius: баосянь (baosjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bou² him²
    • Yale: bóu hím
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bou² him²
    • Guangdong Romanization: bou² him²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³⁵ hiːm³⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: bau³ xien³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau²¹³⁻²⁴ ɕiɛn²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó-hiám
    • Hakka Romanization System: bo^ˋ hiam^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bo³ hiam³
    • Sinological IPA: /po³¹ hi̯am³¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bǎu-hǐng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau²¹ xiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bō̤-hiēng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /po³³⁻³⁵ ^(h-)ieŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó-hiám
    • Tâi-lô: pó-hiám
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poy'hiarm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiam⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hiam⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiam⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hiam⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hiam⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bo² hiam²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pó hiám
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /po⁵²⁻³⁵ hiam⁵²⁻²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵pau-shi
    • MiniDict: pau^去 shi
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²pau-xi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ³³ ɕi⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: pawX xjemX

Rime
Character	保	險
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	鹽 (154)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	博抱切	虚檢切
Baxter	pawX	xjemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɑuX/	/hˠiᴇmX/
Pan Wuyun	/pɑuX/	/hᵚiɛmX/
Shao Rongfen	/pɑuX/	/xiæmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pawX/	/hjiamX/
Li Rong	/pɑuX/	/xjɛmX/
Wang Li	/pɑuX/	/xĭɛmX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pɑuX/	/xi̯ɛmX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bǎo	xiǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bou2	him2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤuʔ  qʰr[a]mʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*puːʔ  qʰramʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	保	險	險
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bǎo	xiǎn	xiǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ pawX ›	‹ xjæmX ›	‹ xjemX ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁuʔ/	/*qʰr[a]mʔ/	/*qʰr[a]mʔ/
English	protect	precipitous, dangerous	precipitous, dangerous
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	保	險
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	318	10221
Phonetic component	保	僉
Rime group	幽	談
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	寶	險
Old Chinese	/*puːʔ/	/*qʰramʔ/

Verb

保險

1. to assure; to guarantee

   我敢保險這是世界新紀錄。 [MSC, trad.]
   我敢保险这是世界新纪录。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ gǎn bǎoxiǎn zhè shì shìjiè xīn jìlù. [Pinyin]

   I can assure you that this is the new world record.

2. (colloquial) to be bound to; to be sure to

   照我說的做，保險沒事。 [MSC, trad.]
   照我说的做，保险没事。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhào wǒ shuō de zuò, bǎoxiǎn méishì. [Pinyin]

   Do as I say and I am sure you will be fine.

3. (literary) to guard a strategic place; to defend a strategic pass

Synonyms

• (to assure):

edit

• 保 (bǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
• 保準 / 保准 (bǎozhǔn) (colloquial)
• 保穩 / 保稳 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 保證 / 保证 (bǎozhèng)
• 保障 (bǎozhàng)
• 保領 / 保领 (Hokkien)
• 包
• 包保 (bāobǎo)
• 包管 (bāoguǎn) (colloquial)
• 包領 / 包领 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 擔保 / 担保 (dānbǎo)
• 確保 / 确保 (quèbǎo)
• 管 (guǎn)
• 管保 (guǎnbǎo) (colloquial)
• 管教 (guǎnjiào)

 

Adjective

保險

1. safe; secure

   天氣忽冷忽熱，多穿點保險！ [MSC, trad.]
   天气忽冷忽热，多穿点保险！ [MSC, simp.]

   Tiānqì hūlěnghūrè, duō chuān diǎn bǎoxiǎn! [Pinyin]

   The weather is quite variable; please wear a bit more just to be safe!

Synonyms

edit

• 信實 / 信实 (xìnshí)
• 停 (tíng) (literary, or in compounds)
• 可恃 (kěshì) (literary)
• 可靠 (kěkào)
• 把牢 (bǎláo) (regional, chiefly in the negative)
• 把穩 / 把稳 (bǎwěn) (regional)
• 牢 (láo)
• 牢牢 (láoláo)
• 牢靠 (láokào)
• 穩妥 / 稳妥 (wěntuǒ)
• 穩當 / 稳当
• 穩陣 / 稳阵 (wan2 zan6) (Cantonese)

 

Noun

保險

1. safety (mechanical device on a firearm)
2. insurance; indemnity (equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another in exchange for payment) (Classifier: 份 m c)

   保險額／保险额  ―  bǎoxiǎn é  ―  insurance coverage

   你的車上保險了嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
   你的车上保险了吗？ [MSC, simp.]

   Nǐ de chē shàng bǎoxiǎn le ma? [Pinyin]

   Is your car insured?

Synonyms

• (insurance): (short form) 險／险 (xiǎn), (Cantonese, dated) 燕梳

Adverb

保險

1. (dialectal) certainly

Synonyms

edit

• 一定 (yīdìng)
• 保準 / 保准 (bǎozhǔn) (colloquial)
• 保管 (bǎoguǎn)
• 勢必 / 势必 (shìbì)
• 定必 (ding⁶ bit¹) (Cantonese)
• 局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 必定 (bìdìng)
• 必然 (bìrán)
• 決計 / 决计 (juéjì)
• 準保 / 准保 (zhǔnbǎo)
• 準定 / 准定 (zhǔndìng)
• 無疑 / 无疑 (wúyí)
• 硬額 / 硬额 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
• 肯定 (kěndìng)

 

Derived terms

• 人壽保險 / 人寿保险 (rénshòu bǎoxiǎn)
• 人身保險 / 人身保险 (rénshēn bǎoxiǎn)
• 保險人 / 保险人 (bǎoxiǎnrén)
• 保險係數 / 保险系数 (bǎoxiǎn xìshù)
• 保險公司 / 保险公司 (bǎoxiǎn gōngsī)
• 保險刀 / 保险刀 (bǎoxiǎndāo)
• 保險刀片 / 保险刀片
• 保險利益 / 保险利益
• 保險合同 / 保险合同 (bǎoxiǎn hétong)
• 保險單 / 保险单 (bǎoxiǎndān)
• 保險套 / 保险套 (bǎoxiǎntào)
• 保險帶 / 保险带 (bǎoxiǎndài)
• 保險期 / 保险期 (bǎoxiǎnqī)
• 保險桿 / 保险杆 (bǎoxiǎngǎn)
• 保險業 / 保险业 (bǎoxiǎnyè)
• 保險槓 / 保险杠 (bǎoxiǎngàng)
• 保險櫃 / 保险柜 (bǎoxiǎnguì)
• 保險法 / 保险法 (bǎoxiǎnfǎ)
• 保險燈 / 保险灯 (bǎoxiǎndēng)
• 保險盒 / 保险盒 (bǎoxiǎnhé)
• 保險箱 / 保险箱 (bǎoxiǎnxiāng)
• 保險絲 / 保险丝 (bǎoxiǎnsī)
• 保險給付 / 保险给付
• 保險經紀人 / 保险经纪人
• 保險裝置 / 保险装置 (bǎoxiǎn zhuāngzhì)
• 保險計劃 / 保险计划 (bǎoxiǎn jìhuà)
• 保險費 / 保险费 (bǎoxiǎnfèi)
• 保險賠償 / 保险赔偿
• 保險金 / 保险金 (bǎoxiǎnjīn)
• 保險金額 / 保险金额 (bǎoxiǎn jīn'é)
• 保險開關 / 保险开关
• 健康保險 / 健康保险 (jiànkāng bǎoxiǎn)
• 傷害保險 / 伤害保险
• 全民保險 / 全民保险
• 全民健康保險 / 全民健康保险
• 公保 (gōngbǎo)
• 公共保險 / 公共保险
• 兵災保險 / 兵灾保险
• 勞動保險 / 劳动保险
• 包裹保險 / 包裹保险
• 失業保險 / 失业保险
• 存款保險 / 存款保险 (cúnkuǎn bǎoxiǎn)
• 定期保險 / 定期保险
• 工傷保險 / 工伤保险 (gōngshāng bǎoxiǎn)
• 強制保險 / 强制保险
• 拉保險 / 拉保险
• 損失補償性保險 / 损失补偿性保险 (sǔnshī bǔchángxìng bǎoxiǎn)
• 汽車保險 / 汽车保险
• 汽車第三責任保險 / 汽车第三责任保险
• 海上保險 / 海上保险
• 漁民保險 / 渔民保险
• 火災保險 / 火灾保险
• 生命保險 / 生命保险 (shēngmìng bǎoxiǎn)
• 產物保險 / 产物保险
• 社會保險 / 社会保险 (shèhuì bǎoxiǎn)
• 私校保險 / 私校保险
• 稻作保險 / 稻作保险
• 終身保險 / 终身保险
• 被保險人 / 被保险人 (bèibǎoxiǎnrén)
• 財產保險 / 财产保险 (cáichǎn bǎoxiǎn)
• 責任保險 / 责任保险 (zérèn bǎoxiǎn)
• 醫療保險 / 医疗保险 (yīliáo bǎoxiǎn)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (保險):

• → Japanese: 保(ほ)険(けん) (hoken)
• → Korean: 보험(保險) (boheom)
• → Vietnamese: bảo hiểm (保險)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
保	險
ほ Grade: 5	けん Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

Noun

保(ほ)險(けん) • (hoken) 

1. Kyūjitai form of 保険: insurance

Korean

Hanja in this term
保	險

Noun

保險 • (boheom) (hangeul 보험)

1. hanja form^? of 보험 (“insurance”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
保	險

Noun

保險

1. chữ Hán form of bảo hiểm (“insurance”).