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額

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See also: 额
額 U+984D, 額
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-984D
← 題
[U+984C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 顎 →
[U+984E]

Translingual

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Han character

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額 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+9, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十口一月金 (JRMBC), four-corner 31686, composition ⿰客頁)

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1406, character 40
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43586
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1924, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4384, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+984D

Chinese

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trad. 額
simp. 额*
alternative forms 頟／额

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
髂 *kʰraːɡs
路 *ɡ·raːɡs
輅 *ɡ·raːɡs
賂 *ɡ·raːɡs
虂 *ɡ·raːɡs
露 *ɡ·raːɡs
潞 *raːɡs
鷺 *raːɡs
璐 *raːɡs
簬 *raːɡs
簵 *ɡ·raːɡs
洛 *ɡ·raːɡ
駱 *ɡ·raːɡ
絡 *ɡ·raːɡ
酪 *ɡ·raːɡ
烙 *ɡ·raːɡ
雒 *ɡ·raːɡ
珞 *ɡ·raːɡ
硌 *ɡ·raːɡ
袼 *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿 *ɡ·raːɡ
鉻 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥 *ɡ·raːɡ
鵅 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
落 *ɡ·raːɡ
各 *klaːɡ
胳 *klaːɡ
閣 *klaːɡ
格 *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
擱 *klaːɡ
恪 *kʰlaːɡ
愙 *kʰaːɡ
貉 *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢 *ɡlaːɡ
佫 *ɡlaːɡ
略 *ɡ·raɡ
茖 *kraːɡ
骼 *kraːɡ
觡 *kraːɡ
蛒 *kraːɡ
敋 *kraːɡ
客 *kʰraːɡ
喀 *kʰraːɡ
揢 *kʰraːɡ
額 *ŋɡraːɡ
峉 *ŋɡraːɡ
頟 *ŋɡraːɡ
詻 *ŋɡraːɡ
垎 *ɡraːɡ
楁 *ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋɡraːɡ): phonetic 客 (OC *kʰraːɡ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋa-k (“forehead; cockscomb”).

This word is only attested during Han and later. Wang (1982) suggested that it is cognate with 顏 (OC *ŋraːn, “face”), whereas Schuessler (2007) considers it a semantic extension of 詻 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “to face”).

The relationship to Proto-Mon-Khmer *[t₁]ʔah (“forehead”), whence Khmer ថ្ងាស (thngaah), is unclear.

Pronunciation

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Note: ngaak6-2 - “top part, board, amount”.
Note:
  • ngiăh>ngiĕh - “forehead”;
  • ngiăh - “top part, board, amount”.
Note:
  • hia̍h - vernacular (“forehead, top part, board”);
  • gia̍h - vernacular (“amount”);
  • ge̍k/gia̍k - literary.
Rime
Character 額
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 陌 (113)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 五陌切
Baxter ngaek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋˠæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋᵚak̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋaɨjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ŋɐk̚/
Wang
Li 		/ŋɐk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		è
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngak6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 額
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		é
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngæk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.ŋˁrak/ (no pre-Qín exx?)
English forehead

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 額
Reading # 1/1
No. 3906
Phonetic
component 		各
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		額
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋɡraːɡ/
Notes 說文作頟

Definitions

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額

  1. (anatomy) forehead
  2. top part
  3. horizontal inscribed board; tablet; plaque
  4. amount; quantity; number
  5. a surname
Synonyms
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  • (forehead):
Dialectal synonyms of 前額 (“forehead”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 額, 顙, 顱
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 前額, 額頭, 額門, 眉宇
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 腦門兒, 腦門子, 頁勒蓋兒
Taiwan 額頭
Ulanhot 奔兒嘍, 奔兒嘍頭
Tongliao 奔兒嘍, 奔兒嘍頭
Chifeng 腦門兒
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 額頭
Harbin 腦門子, 腦門兒
Shenyang 腦門子, 腦門兒
Singapore 額頭
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 額拉蓋兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 額楞蓋
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 額樓, 額樓頭, 額門蓋兒
Wanrong 額頭
Wanrong (Ronghe) 腦門子
Zhengzhou 囟門頭
Xi'an 額顱
Xining 額目頭
Xuzhou 額頭子, 腦門子
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 奔顱, 腦門子
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 額顱
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 腦門子
Bayanhot 天門
Lanzhou 崩樓
Ürümqi 崩樓
Ürümqi (Xigou) 奔顱, 天門蓋
Ürümqi (Changshanzi) 額頭
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 額顱
Wuhan 額殼
Guiyang 額頭
Kunming 腦門
Guilin 額頭
Liuzhou 額頭
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 額腦殼
Yangzhou 額頭
Xinghua 額頭
Hefei 額腦頭
Huanggang 腦殼
Cantonese Guangzhou 額頭
Hong Kong 額頭, 額
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 額, 額頭
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 前額
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 額頭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 額頭
Macau 額頭
Guangzhou (Panyu) 額頭
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 額頭
Guangzhou (Conghua) 額頭
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 白額, 額頭
Foshan 額頭
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 額頭
Foshan (Shunde) 額頭
Foshan (Sanshui) 額頭
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 前額
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 額頭
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 額頭
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 額頭
Zhuhai (Doumen) 額頭
Jiangmen (Baisha) 眉頭
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 額頭
Taishan 眉頭
Kaiping (Chikan) 眉頭
Enping (Niujiang) 眉頭
Heshan (Yayao) 前額
Dongguan 額
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 額
Shaoguan 額頭
Yunfu 前額
Yangjiang 額頭
Xinyi 額頭
Lianjiang 額頭
Nanning 額頭
Wuzhou 額頭
Yulin 額頭
Hepu (Lianzhou) 額頭, 天庭
Danzhou 額
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 額頭
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 額頭
Gan Nanchang 天門
Lichuan 額角, 額
Pingxiang 額殼
Hakka Meixian 額角
Xingning 額角
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 額門
Huidong (Daling) 額角, 額門
Dongguan (Qingxi) 額囟頭
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 額囟頭
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 額囟頭
Wuhua (Huacheng) 額門
Heyuan (Bendihua) 額門
Wengyuan 額頭
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 額角
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 額門
Liannan 額門頭
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 前額
Jiexi 額角
Luhe 額門頭
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 額頭
Changting 額角, 額頭
Wuping 額頭, 額門
Wuping (Yanqian) 額門
Wuping (Pingyu) 額角
Liancheng 額角
Ninghua 額早, 額角
Yudu 額頭, 天門
Ningdu 額
Ruijin 額膛
Shicheng 額角, 額
Shangyou (Shexi) 額門
Tonggu (Sandu) 額門
Ganzhou (Panlong) 天門
Dayu 額頭
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 額頭
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 額頭
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 額頭
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 額頭
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 額頭
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 額頭
Hong Kong 額門頭
Yangxi (Tangkou) 額角
Yangchun (Sanjia) 額頭
Xinyi (Sihe) 額頭
Xinyi (Qianpai) 額頭
Gaozhou (Xindong) 額頭
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 額角
Huazhou (Xin'an) 額堂
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 額頭
Lianjiang (Qingping) 額頭
Mengshan (Xihe) 額頭
Luchuan 額頭
Luchuan (Daqiao) 額頭殼
Senai (Huiyang) 額門頭
Huizhou Jixi 花額, 牛頭前
Jin Taiyuan 崩兒顱, 崩頭, 前崩顱
Pingyao 奔頭
Xinzhou 眉靈闊
Taibus (Baochang) 腦門
Linhe 崩臚
Jining 眉頭, 眉棱骨
Hohhot 眉棱骨
Baotou 眉頭, 眉棱骨
Dongsheng 額
Haibowan 崩臚
Northern Min Jian'ou 額頭
Jian'ou (Dikou) 頭囟
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 額頭
Pucheng (Shibei) 額頭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 額頭
Fuqing 額, 頭額
Fu'an 額頭舷
Ningde 頭額頭
Matsu 額頭
Southern Min Xiamen 頭額, 天平, 額𩉍, 眉額, 前擴
Quanzhou 頭額, 天平, 前擴
Jinjiang 頭額
Yongchun 頭額
Zhangzhou 頭額, 天平, 額𩉍, 天額, 前擴
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 額𩉍
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 額𩉍
Zhangpu 額𩉍
Zhao'an 頭額
Taipei 頭額
New Taipei (Sanxia) 頭額
Kaohsiung 頭殼額仔
Yilan 頭額
Changhua (Lukang) 天平
Taichung 頭額, 額頭
Tainan 頭額
Hsinchu 頭額
Kinmen 額, 頭額
Penghu (Magong) 頭額
Penang (Hokkien) 額, 頭額
Singapore (Hokkien) 頭額
Manila (Hokkien) 頭額
Zhangping 額頭
Zhangping (Yongfu) 額頭
Datian 頭額
Pingnan (Shangdu) 額頭
Chaozhou 額門神, 額面神
Shantou 額頭, 額門神
Shantou (Chenghai) 額頭, 額門神
Jieyang 額, 額門神
Haifeng 前枕
Bangkok (Teochew) 額頭
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 額
Singapore (Teochew) 額囟, 額門神
Leizhou 頭額
Wenchang 頭額, 囟額
Haikou 頭額
Puxian Min Putian 額頭前, 額頭
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 額頭
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 額頭前
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 頭案前
Xianyou 額頭
Xianyou (Fengting) 額頭前
Xianyou (Youyang) 額頭前
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 額頭
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 額前頭, 額頭
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 額頭
Wu Shanghai 額角頭
Shanghai (Chongming) 額骨頭
Suzhou 額角頭
Wuxi 額角頭
Danyang 額角頭, 額頭
Hangzhou 額骨頭, 額角頭
Ningbo 腦殼頭, 額角頭
Wenzhou 額頭, 門前額
Jinhua 頭角, 額骨頭, 額角頭
Xiang Changsha 額殼, 額角, 額頭
Loudi 額頭
Shuangfeng 額頭
Hengyang 額頭
Quanzhou 額頭
  • (top part): 頂部／顶部 (dǐngbù)
  • (horizontal inscribed board):

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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額

  1. (Shanghainese) Alternative form of 個 / 个 (“possessive particle”)
Usage notes
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  • This is a Mandarin influenced form of the character often used in Shanghainese. Due to 個’s expected pronunciation starting with /k/, it is often mistakenly analysed to be unrelated to this sense.
  • This cannot be used in other Northern Wu languages, such as Suzhounese, due to their retention of the /k/ initial.

References

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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額

  1. (Mandarin) Alternative form of 呃 (“an interjection said when hesitating in speech”)

Japanese

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Kanji

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額

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. forehead
  2. amount
  3. frame

Readings

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  • Go-on: ぎゃく (gyaku)
  • Kan-on: がく (gaku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: ひたい (hitai, 額, Jōyō)、ぬか (nuka, 額)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
額
ひたい
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 額 – see the following entry.
【ひたい】
[noun] forehead
(This term, 額, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
額
がく
Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 額 (MC ngaek).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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額(がく) • (gaku) 

  1. framed picture
  2. sum, amount
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
額
ぬか
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 額 – see the following entry.
【ぬか】
[noun] forehead
[noun] kowtowing
(This term, 額, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 額 (MC ngaek). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄋᆡᆨ (oyk) (Yale: oyk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

額 (eumhun 이마 액 (ima aek))

  1. hanja form? of 액 (“forehead”)
  2. hanja form? of 액 (“amount”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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額: Hán Nôm readings: ngạch, nghệch, nghách, nghạch

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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