ὡς

See also: ως, -ως, ὥς, and -ώς

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hɔːs/ → /os/ → /os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hɔːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /os/

Etymology 1

PIE word
*yós

From the relative pronoun ὅς (hós) +‎ -ως (-ōs, adverbial suffix).

Alternative forms

• ἇτε (hâte) — Doric, Laconian

Adverb

ὡς • (hōs) (relative adverb)

1. the introduction to similes
   1. like as, as, just as
   2. according as
2. (with adverbial clauses)
   1. (parenthetically) to qualify a general statement; as it seems
   2. (in elliptical phrases) so far as....
   3. (attached to the object of a verb) as
3. (to limit or augment the force of adverbs)

Conjunction

ὡς • (hōs)

1. (subordinating conjunction or complementizer, introducing dependent or subordinate clause)
2. (with noun clauses) introducing a clause expressing a fact: that (with indicative or optative)
3. (final) introducing a clause expressing an end or purpose: that, so that, in order that, so (with subjunctive or optative)
4. (consequential) introducing a clause expressing a result: so that
5. (causal) as, since, because
6. (temporal) when
7. (modal) how
   • 3rd century BCE, Menander, Aspis:

     ὡς καλόν

     hōs kalón

     How good!

8. (local) where

See also

Ancient Greek correlatives ^(edit)

type	interrogative	indefinite	(medial) demonstrative	proximal demonstrative	distal demonstrative	relative	indefinite relative	identity	other
basic	τίς	τις, ἔνιοι	†ὁ, οὗτος	ὅδε	ἐκεῖνος	ὅς	ὅστις	ὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμός	ἕτερος, ἄλλος
dual	πότερος	πότερος, ποτερός				ὁπότερος
quality	ποῖος	ποιός	†τοῖος, τοιοῦτος	τοιόσδε		οἷος	ὁποῖος	ὅμοιος	ἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος
quantity	πόσος	ποσός	†τόσος, τοσοῦτος	τοσόσδε		ὅσος	ὁπόσος
manner	πῶς	πως	†τώς, †ὥς, οὕτως	ὧδε		ὡς	ὅπως	ὁμῶς	ἑτέρως, ἄλλως
method, path, place	πῇ	πῃ	τῇ, ταύτῃ	τῇδε	ἐκείνῃ	ᾗ	ὅπῃ		ἄλλῃ
place	ποῦ, †πόθι	που, †ποθι	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνθάδε	ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθι	οὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθι	ὅπου, †ὁπόθι	αὐτόθι, ὁμοῦ	ἄλλοθι
source	πόθεν	ποθεν	†τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθεν	ἐνθένδε	ἐκεῖθεν	ὅθεν	ὁπόθεν	†ὁμόθεν	ἄλλοθεν
destination	ποῖ, †πόσε	ποι	ἔνθα, ἐνταῦθα	ἐνθάδε, δεῦρο	ἐκεῖσε	οἷ	ὅποι, †ὁπόσε	αὐτόσε, ὁμόσε	ἄλλοσε
time	πότε, πῆμος	ποτέ, ποτε, τοτέ, ἐνίοτε	τότε, τῆμος	τημόσδε		ὅτε, ἦμος	ὁπότε, †ὁππῆμος	ἅμα	ἄλλοτε
exact time	πηνίκα		†τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτα	τηνικάδε		ἡνίκα	ὁπηνίκα	αὐτίκα
duration of time			τέως			ἕως
size, age	πηλίκος	πηλίκος	†τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτος	τηλικόσδε		ἡλίκος	ὁπηλίκος	ὁμῆλιξ
repetition	ποσάκις, ποσίνδα	ποσάκις	τουτάκις, τοσάκις			†ὁσάκις ὁποσάκις	ὁποσάκις
multiplication	ποσαπλάσιος					ὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων
order	πόστος	ποστός					ὁπόστος
† Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions.

Descendants

• Greek: ως (os)

Etymology 2

PIE word
*só

From the demonstrative pronoun ὁ (ho) +‎ -ως (-ōs, adverbial suffix).

Adverb

ὡς • (hōs) (demonstrative adverb)

1. in καὶ ὧς: even so, nevertheless
2. in comparisons, ὥς (hṓs)... ὡς (hōs) or ὡς (hōs)... ὣς (hṑs): so... as...
3. thus, for instance

Alternative forms

• ὧς (hôs)

References

• “ὡς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὡς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ὡς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὡς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ὡς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ὡς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G5613 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • about idem, page 2.
  • among idem, page 27.
  • as idem, page 42.
  • because idem, page 68.
  • before idem, page 69.
  • even idem, page 284.
  • for idem, page 334.
  • how idem, page 408.
  • however idem, page 408.
  • like idem, page 491.
  • nearly idem, page 553.
  • order idem, page 578.
  • prepare idem, page 635.
  • presence idem, page 636.
  • since idem, page 777.
  • so idem, page 790.
  • that idem, page 863.
  • to idem, page 878.
  • when idem, page 975.