ἄλλος

See also: άλλος, allos, and ällös

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• αἶλος (aîlos) — Cypriot
• ἄλλυ (állu) — Arcadian

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *áľľos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos. Cognates include Latin alius, Old Irish aile, Old Armenian այլ (ayl), Old English elles (English else), Albanian lloj (“sort, kind”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ál.los/ → /ˈal.los/ → /ˈa.los/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ál.los/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈal.los/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈal.los/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈal.los/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.los/

Adjective

ἄλλος • (állos) m (feminine ἄλλη, neuter ἄλλο); first/second declension

1. other, another, different, else
   1. (with article) the other, all others, all besides, the rest
      • 2022 May 18, Seumas Macdonald, chapter 4, in Linguae Graecae Per Se Illustrata‎^[1]:

        ἀλλὰ δὲ ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ ἀμφορεὺς ὁ ἄλλος. ἕνδεκα πάρεισιν, εἷς ἄπεστιν. ἆρα σὺ οἶδας.

        allà dè poû estin ho amphoreùs ho állos. héndeka páreisin, heîs ápestin. âra sù oîdas.

        But where is the other amphora? Eleven are present; one is absent. Do you know?

   2. (with numerals) yet, still
   3. (in lists) as well, besides, too
   4. equivalent to ἀλλοῖος (alloîos) of another sort than (with genitive)
2. (in phrases)
   1. in combination with τις (tis) any other; anyone else, anything else
   2. in the phrase ἄλλος τε καὶ (állos te kaì) especially, most of all
   3. in the phrase εἴ τις καὶ ἄλλος (eí tis kaì állos) or εἴ τι καὶ ἄλλο (eí ti kaì állo) if anyone, whoever else; if anything, whatever else
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.5.1:

        ἐν τούτῳ δὲ τῷ τόπῳ ἦν μὲν ἡ γῆ πεδίον ἅπαν ὁμαλὲς ὥσπερ θάλαττα, ἀψινθίου δὲ πλῆρες· εἰ δέ τι καὶ ἄλλο ἐνῆν ὕλης ἢ καλάμου, ἅπαντα ἦσαν εὐώδη ὥσπερ ἀρώματα.

        en toútōi dè tôi tópōi ên mèn hē gê pedíon hápan homalès hṓsper thálatta, apsinthíou dè plêres; ei dé ti kaì állo enên húlēs ḕ kalámou, hápanta êsan euṓdē hṓsper arṓmata.

        In this region the ground was all a plain, flat like the sea, and full of wormwood. And whatever other brush or reed was there, everything was fragrant like spices.

Declension

First and second declension of ᾰ̓́λλος; ᾰ̓́λλη; ᾰ̓́λλο (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ᾰ̓́λλος ắllos	ᾰ̓́λλη ắllē	ᾰ̓́λλο ắllo		ᾰ̓́λλω ắllō	ᾰ̓́λλᾱ ắllā	ᾰ̓́λλω ắllō		ᾰ̓́λλοι ắlloi	ᾰ̓́λλαι ắllai	ᾰ̓́λλᾰ ắllă
Genitive		ᾰ̓́λλου ắllou	ᾰ̓́λλης ắllēs	ᾰ̓́λλου ắllou		ᾰ̓́λλοιν ắlloin	ᾰ̓́λλαιν ắllain	ᾰ̓́λλοιν ắlloin		ᾰ̓́λλων ắllōn	ᾰ̓́λλων ắllōn	ᾰ̓́λλων ắllōn
Dative		ᾰ̓́λλῳ ắllōi	ᾰ̓́λλῃ ắllēi	ᾰ̓́λλῳ ắllōi		ᾰ̓́λλοιν ắlloin	ᾰ̓́λλαιν ắllain	ᾰ̓́λλοιν ắlloin		ᾰ̓́λλοις ắllois	ᾰ̓́λλαις ắllais	ᾰ̓́λλοις ắllois
Accusative		ᾰ̓́λλον ắllon	ᾰ̓́λλην ắllēn	ᾰ̓́λλο ắllo		ᾰ̓́λλω ắllō	ᾰ̓́λλᾱ ắllā	ᾰ̓́λλω ắllō		ᾰ̓́λλους ắllous	ᾰ̓́λλᾱς ắllās	ᾰ̓́λλᾰ ắllă
Vocative		ᾰ̓́λλε ắlle	ᾰ̓́λλη ắllē	ᾰ̓́λλο ắllo		ᾰ̓́λλω ắllō	ᾰ̓́λλᾱ ắllā	ᾰ̓́λλω ắllō		ᾰ̓́λλοι ắlloi	ᾰ̓́λλαι ắllai	ᾰ̓́λλᾰ ắllă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ᾰ̓́λλως ắllōs				—				—
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. * ᾰ̓́λλαισῐ(ν) used in Attic drama.

First and second declension of ᾰ̓́λλος; ᾰ̓́λλη; ᾰ̓́λλο (Epic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ᾰ̓́λλος ắllos	ᾰ̓́λλη ắllē	ᾰ̓́λλο ắllo		ᾰ̓́λλω ắllō	ᾰ̓́λλᾱ ắllā	ᾰ̓́λλω ắllō		ᾰ̓́λλοι ắlloi	ᾰ̓́λλαι ắllai	ᾰ̓́λλᾰ ắllă
Genitive		ᾰ̓́λλου / ᾰ̓λλοῖο / ᾰ̓́λλοιο / ᾰ̓λλόο / ᾰ̓́λλοο ắllou / ălloîo / ắlloio / ăllóo / ắlloo	ᾰ̓́λλης ắllēs	ᾰ̓́λλου / ᾰ̓λλοῖο / ᾰ̓́λλοιο / ᾰ̓λλόο / ᾰ̓́λλοο ắllou / ălloîo / ắlloio / ăllóo / ắlloo		ᾰ̓́λλοιῐν ắlloiĭn	ᾰ̓́λλαιν / ᾰ̓́λλαιῐν / ᾰ̓́λλῃῐν ắllai(ĭ)n / ắllēiĭn	ᾰ̓́λλοιῐν ắlloiĭn		ᾰ̓́λλων ắllōn	ᾰ̓λλᾱ́ων / ᾰ̓λλέ͜ων / ᾰ̓λλῶν ăllā́ōn / ăllé͜ōn / ăllôn	ᾰ̓́λλων ắllōn
Dative		ᾰ̓́λλῳ ắllōi	ᾰ̓́λλῃ ắllēi	ᾰ̓́λλῳ ắllōi		ᾰ̓́λλοιῐν ắlloiĭn	ᾰ̓́λλαιν / ᾰ̓́λλαιῐν / ᾰ̓́λλῃῐν ắllai(ĭ)n / ắllēiĭn	ᾰ̓́λλοιῐν ắlloiĭn		ᾰ̓́λλοισῐ / ᾰ̓́λλοισῐν / ᾰ̓́λλοις ắlloisĭ(n) / ắllois	ᾰ̓́λλῃσῐ / ᾰ̓́λλῃσῐν / ᾰ̓́λλῃς / ᾰ̓́λλαις ắllēisĭ(n) / ắllēis / ắllais	ᾰ̓́λλοισῐ / ᾰ̓́λλοισῐν / ᾰ̓́λλοις ắlloisĭ(n) / ắllois
Accusative		ᾰ̓́λλον ắllon	ᾰ̓́λλην ắllēn	ᾰ̓́λλο ắllo		ᾰ̓́λλω ắllō	ᾰ̓́λλᾱ ắllā	ᾰ̓́λλω ắllō		ᾰ̓́λλους ắllous	ᾰ̓́λλᾱς ắllās	ᾰ̓́λλᾰ ắllă
Vocative		ᾰ̓́λλε ắlle	ᾰ̓́λλη ắllē	ᾰ̓́λλο ắllo		ᾰ̓́λλω ắllō	ᾰ̓́λλᾱ ắllā	ᾰ̓́λλω ắllō		ᾰ̓́λλοι ắlloi	ᾰ̓́λλαι ắllai	ᾰ̓́λλᾰ ắllă
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ᾰ̓́λλως ắllōs				—				—
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• ἀλλά (allá)
• ἀλλάσσω (allássō)
• ἀλλήλων (allḗlōn)
• ἀλλοῖος (alloîos)
• ἄλλοσε (állose)
• ἄλλως (állōs)

Related terms

• ἄλλῠδις (állŭdis)

See also

Ancient Greek correlatives ^(edit)

type	interrogative	indefinite	demonstrative			relative	indefinite relative	identity	other
			(medial)	proximal	distal
basic	τίς	τις, ἔνιοι	†ὁ, οὗτος	ὅδε	ἐκεῖνος	ὅς	ὅστις	ὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμός	ἕτερος, ἄλλος
dual	πότερος	πότερος, ποτερός				ὁπότερος
quality	ποῖος	ποιός	†τοῖος, τοιοῦτος	τοιόσδε		οἷος	ὁποῖος	ὅμοιος	ἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος
quantity	πόσος	ποσός	†τόσος, τοσοῦτος	τοσόσδε		ὅσος	ὁπόσος
manner	πῶς	πως	†τώς, †ὥς, οὕτως	ὧδε		ὡς	ὅπως	ὁμῶς	ἑτέρως, ἄλλως
method, path, place	πῇ	πῃ	τῇ, ταύτῃ	τῇδε	ἐκείνῃ	ᾗ	ὅπῃ		ἄλλῃ
place	ποῦ, †πόθι	που, †ποθι	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνθάδε	ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθι	οὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθι	ὅπου, †ὁπόθι	αὐτόθι, ὁμοῦ	ἄλλοθι
source	πόθεν	ποθεν, ἁμόθεν	†τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθεν	ἐνθένδε	ἐκεῖθεν	ὅθεν	ὁπόθεν	†ὁμόθεν	ἄλλοθεν
destination	ποῖ, †πόσε	ποι	ἔνθα, ἐνταῦθα	ἐνθάδε, δεῦρο	ἐκεῖσε	οἷ	ὅποι, †ὁπόσε	αὐτόσε, ὁμόσε	ἄλλοσε
time	πότε, πῆμος	ποτέ, ποτε, τοτέ, ἐνίοτε	τότε, τῆμος	τημόσδε		ὅτε, ἦμος	ὁπότε, †ὁππῆμος	ἅμα	ἄλλοτε
exact time	πηνίκα		†τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτα	τηνικάδε		ἡνίκα	ὁπηνίκα	αὐτίκα
duration of time			τέως			ἕως
size, age	πηλίκος	πηλίκος	†τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτος	τηλικόσδε		ἡλίκος	ὁπηλίκος	ὁμῆλιξ
repetition	ποσάκις, ποσίνδα	ποσάκις	τουτάκις, τοσάκις			†ὁσάκις ὁποσάκις	ὁποσάκις
multiplication	ποσαπλάσιος					ὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων
order	πόστος	ποστός					ὁπόστος
† Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions.

References

• “ἄλλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἄλλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἄλλος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἄλλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ἄλλος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἄλλος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2025)
• “ἄλλος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G243 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Panayotou, A. “Arcado-Cypriot.” In A History of Ancient Greek from the Beginnings to Late Antiquity, translated by Chris Markham, 417–432.Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[2], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • another idem, page 31.
  • different idem, page 223.
  • else idem, page 265.
  • fresh idem, page 344.
  • here idem, page 397.
  • new idem, page 556.
  • other idem, page 581.
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN