οὗτος

See also: ούτος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Synchronically analyzable as ὁ (ho) + αὐτός (autós, “self; third-person pronoun”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hûː.tos/ → /ˈu.tos/ → /ˈu.tos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hûː.tos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)u.tos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈu.tos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈu.tos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈu.tos/

• Audio (Classical Attic); “οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο” (“hoûtos, haútē, toûto”):

  (file)

Determiner

οὗτος • (hoûtos), f αὕτη (haútē), n τοῦτο (toûto) (medial demonstrative determiner and pronoun)

1. this
   1. (of place) here
   2. in contrast with ὅδε (hóde): the preceding
      • 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Meno 93b:

        εἰ διδακτόν ἐστιν ἀρετὴ πάλαι σκοποῦμεν. τοῦτο δὲ σκοποῦντες τόδε σκοποῦμεν, ἆρα οἱ ἀγαθοὶ ἄνδρες καὶ τῶν νῦν καὶ τῶν προτέρων ταύτην τὴν ἀρετὴν ἣν αὐτοὶ ἀγαθοὶ ἦσαν ἠπίσταντο καὶ ἄλλῳ παραδοῦναι

        ei didaktón estin aretḕ pálai skopoûmen. toûto dè skopoûntes tóde skopoûmen, âra hoi agathoì ándres kaì tôn nûn kaì tôn protérōn taútēn tḕn aretḕn hḕn autoì agathoì êsan ēpístanto kaì állōi paradoûnai

        We have been considering for a long time if virtue is teachable. In considering that question, we are considering the following: did the good men, both from now and before, understand this virtue by which they were good, and how to pass it along to another?

   3. in contrast with ἐκεῖνος (ekeînos): the latter
   4. of someone or something famous or infamous

Declension

First and second declension of οὗτος; αὕτη; τοῦτο (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		οὗτος hoûtos	αὕτη haútē	τοῦτο toûto		τούτω toútō	τούτω toútō	τούτω toútō		οὗτοι hoûtoi	αὗται haûtai	ταῦτᾰ taûta
Genitive		τούτου toútou	ταύτης taútēs	τούτου toútou		τούτοιν toútoin	τούτοιν toútoin	τούτοιν toútoin		τούτων toútōn	τούτων toútōn	τούτων toútōn
Dative		τούτῳ toútōi	ταύτῃ taútēi	τούτῳ toútōi		τούτοιν toútoin	τούτοιν toútoin	τούτοιν toútoin		τούτοις toútois	ταύταις taútais	τούτοις toútois
Accusative		τοῦτον toûton	ταύτην taútēn	τοῦτο toûto		τούτω toútō	τούτω toútō	τούτω toútō		τούτους toútous	ταύτᾱς taútās	ταῦτᾰ taûta
Vocative		οὗτος hoûtos	αὕτη haútē	—		—	—	—		—	—	—
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ταῦτᾰ / τούτως taûta / toútōs				—				—
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

• Doric: gen. sg. fem. is τούτᾱς (toútās) and nom. pl. masc./fem. is τοῦτοι (toûtoi) or ταῦται (taûtai)
• Cretic: gen. pl. fem./neut. is ταυτᾶν (tautân) or ταύτων (taútōn)
• Boeotian: all forms begin with οὑτ- (hout-)

Descendants

• ⇒ Byzantine Greek: τοῦτος (toûtos)
  • Greek: τούτος (toútos)
• Greek: ούτος (oútos)
• ⇒ Pontic Greek: αβούτος (avoútos), αούτος (aoútos), αγούτος (agoútos), αβότους (avótous)

See also

Ancient Greek correlatives ^(edit)

type	interrogative	indefinite	(medial) demonstrative	proximal demonstrative	distal demonstrative	relative	indefinite relative	identity	other
basic	τίς	τις, ἔνιοι	†ὁ, οὗτος	ὅδε	ἐκεῖνος	ὅς	ὅστις	ὁ αὐτός (αὑτός), ὁμός	ἕτερος, ἄλλος
dual	πότερος	πότερος, ποτερός				ὁπότερος
quality	ποῖος	ποιός	†τοῖος, τοιοῦτος	τοιόσδε		οἷος	ὁποῖος	ὅμοιος	ἑτεροῖος, ἀλλοῖος
quantity	πόσος	ποσός	†τόσος, τοσοῦτος	τοσόσδε		ὅσος	ὁπόσος
manner	πῶς	πως	†τώς, †ὥς, οὕτως	ὧδε		ὡς	ὅπως	ὁμῶς	ἑτέρως, ἄλλως
method, path, place	πῇ	πῃ	τῇ, ταύτῃ	τῇδε	ἐκείνῃ	ᾗ	ὅπῃ		ἄλλῃ
place	ποῦ, †πόθι	που, †ποθι	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνθάδε	ἐκεῖ, ἔνθα, †ἐκεῖθι	οὗ, ἔνθα, †ὅθι	ὅπου, †ὁπόθι	αὐτόθι, ὁμοῦ	ἄλλοθι
source	πόθεν	ποθεν	†τόθεν, ἔνθεν, ἐντεῦθεν	ἐνθένδε	ἐκεῖθεν	ὅθεν	ὁπόθεν	†ὁμόθεν	ἄλλοθεν
destination	ποῖ, †πόσε	ποι	ἔνθα, ἐνταῦθα	ἐνθάδε, δεῦρο	ἐκεῖσε	οἷ	ὅποι, †ὁπόσε	αὐτόσε, ὁμόσε	ἄλλοσε
time	πότε, πῆμος	ποτέ, ποτε, τοτέ, ἐνίοτε	τότε, τῆμος	τημόσδε		ὅτε, ἦμος	ὁπότε, †ὁππῆμος	ἅμα	ἄλλοτε
exact time	πηνίκα		†τηνίκα, τηνικαῦτα	τηνικάδε		ἡνίκα	ὁπηνίκα	αὐτίκα
duration of time			τέως			ἕως
size, age	πηλίκος	πηλίκος	†τηλίκος, τηλικοῦτος	τηλικόσδε		ἡλίκος	ὁπηλίκος	ὁμῆλιξ
repetition	ποσάκις, ποσίνδα	ποσάκις	τουτάκις, τοσάκις			†ὁσάκις ὁποσάκις	ὁποσάκις
multiplication	ποσαπλάσιος					ὁσαπλάσιος, ὁσαπλασίων
order	πόστος	ποστός					ὁπόστος
† Forms rarely or never used in Classical Attic prose Relative also used in exclamations; either relative or indefinite relative used in indirect questions.

Further reading

• “οὗτος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “οὗτος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “οὗτος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• οὗτος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• οὗτος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “οὗτος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G3778 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • defendant idem, page 204.
  • fellow idem, page 314.
  • he idem, page 389.
  • ho idem, page 401.
  • latter idem, page 478.
  • there idem, page 865.
  • this idem, page 867.
  • you idem, page 997.
• Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 333
• William W. Goodwin, A Greek Grammar. Revised and enlarged, Boston, 1900, p.85f.