τίς
Appearance
Ancient Greek
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tís/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /tis/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /tis/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /tis/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /tis/
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *kʷis. Cognates include Latin quis and Hittite [script needed] (kuiš). Compare its indefinite form τις (tis, “anyone, anything”).[1]
In Attic, the labiovelar *kʷ- becomes τ- before the front vowel ι and by analogy also before ου, ῳ in the genitive and dative singular, but π- before the rounded back vowel ο in most of the related interrogatives listed below.
Gen. sg. τοῦ < τέο < *kʷésyo (then basis for dat. sg. τῷ and gen. pl. τέων) and the paradigm change to n-stem must have started with *τίν < *kʷím elaborated with consonant stem ending, -ᾰ.[2]
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]τῐ́ς • (tís) interrogative (also see indefinite pronoun τὶς or τις)
- (substantive)
- (adjective) what? which? what kind?
Usage notes
[edit]- The neuter nominative/accusative τί (tí) is never elided, but a hiatus is allowed in Attic Greek.
- The stem iota remains short in every declined form.
Inflection
[edit]Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||
Nominative | τίς | τί | τίνε | τίνε | τίνες | τίνα | ||||||
Genitive | τίνος, τοῦ | τίνος, τοῦ | τίνοιν | τίνοιν | τίνων | τίνων | ||||||
Dative | τίνι, τῷ | τίνι, τῷ | τίνοιν | τίνοιν | τίσι(ν) | τίσι(ν) | ||||||
Accusative | τίνα | τί | τίνε | τίνε | τίνας | τίνα | ||||||
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||
Nominative | τίς | τί | τίνε | τίνε | τίνες | τίνα | ||||||
Genitive | τέο, τεῦ, τέου | τέο, τεῦ, τέου | τίνοιν | τίνοιν | τέων | τέων | ||||||
Dative | τέῳ, τῳ | τέῳ, τῳ | τίνοιν | τίνοιν | τίσι(ν), τοῖσι(ν), τέοισι(ν) | τίσι(ν), τοῖσι(ν), τέοισι(ν) | ||||||
Accusative | τίνα | τί | τίνε | τίνε | τίνας | τίνα | ||||||
Synonyms
[edit]- (interrogative adjective): ποῖος (poîos)
Derived terms
[edit]- τῐ́ (tí)
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See τις (tis).
Pronoun
[edit]τίς • (tís)
- oxytone form of τις (tis, “someone, anyone”)
Usage notes
[edit]Used before another enclitic:
- 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Meno 70b:
- καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔθος [Γοργίας] ῡ̔μᾶς εἴθικεν, ἀφόβως τε καὶ μεγαλοπρεπῶς ἀποκρῑ́νεσθαι ἐᾱ́ν τίς τι ἔρηται.
- kaì dḕ kaì toûto tò éthos [Gorgías] hūmâs eíthiken, aphóbōs te kaì megaloprepôs apokrī́nesthai eā́n tís ti érētai.
- And furthermore, [Gorgias] has also accustomed you to the habit of answering fearlessly and magnificently if someone asks you something.
- καὶ δὴ καὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔθος [Γοργίας] ῡ̔μᾶς εἴθικεν, ἀφόβως τε καὶ μεγαλοπρεπῶς ἀποκρῑ́νεσθαι ἐᾱ́ν τίς τι ἔρηται.
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τίς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1487
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 382
Further reading
[edit]- “τις, τι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “τίς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “τίς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- τίς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- τίς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “τίς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5100 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- announce idem, page 30.
- inconsistency idem, page 430.
- which idem, page 976.
- who idem, page 977.
Greek
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]τίς • (tís)
- Older polytonic spelling of τις (tis#Etymology_2) interrogative in old set phrases like
- τίς πταίει; ― tís ptaíei? ― who is at fault?
- τίς εἶ; (military, recognition) ― tís eî? ― who are you?
- τίνι τρόπῳ; ― tíni trópōi? ― in what way?
Categories:
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- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷ-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek pronouns
- Ancient Greek interrogative pronouns
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