ты
Adyghe
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ты • (tə)
Declension
[edit]case | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
indefinite | — | — |
nominative | тыр (tər) | тыхэр (təxɛr) |
ergative | тым (təm) | тыхэмэ (təxɛmɛ) |
instrumental | ты(м)кӏэ (tə(m)kʼɛ) | тыхэ(м)кӏэ (təxɛ(m)kʼɛ) |
invertive | тыу (təwu) | тыхыу (təxəwu) |
Synonyms
[edit]- адэ (adɛ) (Kabardian dialect)
Belarusian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ты • (ty)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | reflexive | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||||
m | n | f | |||||||||
nominative | я (ja) |
ты (ty) |
ён (jón) |
яно́ (janó) |
яна́ (janá) |
мы (my) |
вы (vy) |
яны́ (janý) |
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genitive | мяне́ (mjanjé) |
цябе́ (cjabjé) |
яго́ (jahó) |
яе́ (jajé) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
іх (ix) |
сябе́ (sjabjé) | |||
dative | мне (mnje) |
табе́ (tabjé) |
яму́ (jamú) |
ёй (jój) |
нам (nam) |
вам (vam) |
ім (im) |
сабе́ (sabjé) | |||
accusative | мяне́ (mjanjé) |
цябе́ (cjabjé) |
яго́ (jahó) |
яе́ (jajé) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
іх (ix) |
сябе́ (sjabjé) | |||
instrumental | мной, мно́ю (mnoj, mnóju) |
табо́й, табо́ю (tabój, tabóju) |
ім (im) |
ёй, ёю (jój, jóju) |
на́мі (námi) |
ва́мі (vámi) |
і́мі (ími) |
сабо́й, сабо́ю (sabój, sabóju) | |||
locative | мне (mnje) |
табе́ (tabjé) |
ім (im) |
ёй (jój) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
іх (ix) |
сабе́ (sabjé) |
Carpathian Rusyn
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronoun
[edit]ты • (tŷ)
- you (singular)
Eastern Mari
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
[edit]ты • (ty)
- Synonym of седе (sede)
- ты вер
- ty ver
- what's this?
Synonyms
[edit]- тиде (tide)
Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Particle
[edit]ты • (ty)
- emphatic particle
- ты вурседылеш вет
- ty vursedyĺeš vet
- (s)he is really arguing
References
[edit]- J. Bradley et al. (2023) “ты”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna
Komi-Zyrian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Permic *tu̇, from Proto-Uralic *towe. Cognates include Hungarian tó and Tundra Nenets то (to).
Noun
[edit]ты • (ty)
Declension
[edit]Declension of ты (stem: ты-) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ты (ty) | тыяс (tyjas) | |
accusative | I* | ты (ty) | тыяс (tyjas) |
II* | тыӧс (työs) | тыясӧс (tyjasös) | |
instrumental | тыӧн (työn) | тыясӧн (tyjasön) | |
comitative | тыкӧд (tyköd) | тыяскӧд (tyjasköd) | |
caritive | тытӧг (tytög) | тыястӧг (tyjastög) | |
consecutive | тыла (tyla) | тыясла (tyjasla) | |
genitive | тылӧн (tylön) | тыяслӧн (tyjaslön) | |
ablative | тылысь (tylyś) | тыяслысь (tyjaslyś) | |
dative | тылы (tyly) | тыяслы (tyjasly) | |
inessive | тыын (tyyn) | тыясын (tyjasyn) | |
elative | тыысь (tyyś) | тыясысь (tyjasyś) | |
illative | тыӧ (työ) | тыясӧ (tyjasö) | |
egressive | тысянь (tyśań) | тыяссянь (tyjasśań) | |
approximative | тылань (tylań) | тыяслань (tyjaslań) | |
terminative | тыӧдз (työdź) | тыясӧдз (tyjasödź) | |
prolative | I | тыӧд (työd) | тыясӧд (tyjasöd) |
II | тыті (tyti) | тыясті (tyjasti) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. |
Possessive declension of ты | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Permic *tu̇, from Proto-Uralic *täwe. Cognates include Finnish tävy and Hungarian tüdő.
Noun
[edit]ты • (ty)
Declension
[edit]Declension of ты (stem: ты-) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ты (ty) | тыяс (tyjas) | |
accusative | I* | ты (ty) | тыяс (tyjas) |
II* | тыӧс (työs) | тыясӧс (tyjasös) | |
instrumental | тыӧн (työn) | тыясӧн (tyjasön) | |
comitative | тыкӧд (tyköd) | тыяскӧд (tyjasköd) | |
caritive | тытӧг (tytög) | тыястӧг (tyjastög) | |
consecutive | тыла (tyla) | тыясла (tyjasla) | |
genitive | тылӧн (tylön) | тыяслӧн (tyjaslön) | |
ablative | тылысь (tylyś) | тыяслысь (tyjaslyś) | |
dative | тылы (tyly) | тыяслы (tyjasly) | |
inessive | тыын (tyyn) | тыясын (tyjasyn) | |
elative | тыысь (tyyś) | тыясысь (tyjasyś) | |
illative | тыӧ (työ) | тыясӧ (tyjasö) | |
egressive | тысянь (tyśań) | тыяссянь (tyjasśań) | |
approximative | тылань (tylań) | тыяслань (tyjaslań) | |
terminative | тыӧдз (työdź) | тыясӧдз (tyjasödź) | |
prolative | I | тыӧд (työd) | тыясӧд (tyjasöd) |
II | тыті (tyti) | тыясті (tyjasti) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. |
Possessive declension of ты | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References
[edit]- Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 7
- L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 667
Mariupol Greek
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Contraction of аты́ (atý), from Ancient Greek αὐτή (autḗ). Cognates include Greek αυτή (aftí) (contracted τη (ti)).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ты • (ty) (emphatic form аты́)
Declension
[edit]Mariupol Greek personal pronouns | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||||||||
1st | 2nd | 3rd m | 3rd f | 3rd n | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | ||
nominative | го (ho) |
сы (sy) |
тос (tos) |
ты (ty) |
то (to) |
мис (mis) |
сыс (sys) |
тын (tyn) | |
oblique | мэ́на (ména) |
сэ́на (séna) |
то́на (tóna) |
ты́на (týna) |
мас (mas) |
сас (sas) |
тынц (tync) | ||
clitic | -ми (-mi) |
-сы (-sy) |
-тун (-tun) |
-тын (-tyn) |
-ту (-tu) |
-мас (-mas) |
-сас (-sas) |
-ц (-c) |
Etymology 2
[edit]From Ancient Greek τί (tí). Cognates include Greek τι (ti).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ты? • (ty?)
- what?
References
[edit]- A. A. Diamantopulo-Rionis with D. L. Demerdzhi, A. M. Davydova-Diamantopulo, A. A. Shapurma, R. S. Kharabadot, and D. K. Patricha (2006) “ты?”, in Румейско-русский и русско-румейский словарь пяти диалектов греков Приазовья, Mariupol, →ISBN
- G. A. Animica, M. P. Galikbarova (2013) Румеку глоса[1], Donetsk, page 4
Northern Mansi
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]тыи (tyi)
Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ты (ti)
Inflection of ты (ty) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | ты (ty) | тыг (tyg) | тыт (tyt) |
dative | тын (tyn) | тыгын (tygyn) | тытын (tytyn) |
ablative | тыныл (tynyl) | тыгныл (tygnyl) | тытныл (tytnyl) |
instrumental | тыл (tyl) | тыгтыл (tygtyl) | тытыл (tytyl) |
translative | тыг (tyg) | ―― | ―― |
References
[edit]- Mansi Dictionary of Munkácsi and Kálmán[2]
Russian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ty, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic тꙑ (ty).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ты • (ty)
Usage notes
[edit]The personal pronoun ты is comparable to French tu, German du, and is used only with family and intimate friends. In classical literature, it is used by superiors to their inferiors, but that usage is no longer tolerated (with the exception of the way adults speak to children, while the children are expected to use вы). For most occasions, the formal вы (vy) should be used instead. For more information, see Appendix:Russian pronouns.
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | reflexive | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||||
m | n | f | |||||||||
nominative | я (ja) |
ты (ty) |
он (on) |
оно́ (onó) |
она́ (oná) |
мы (my) |
вы (vy) |
они́ 1 (oní) |
|||
genitive | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 2, него́ 2 3 (jevó, nevó) |
её 4, неё 3 4 (jejó, nejó) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
их, них 3 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | |||
dative | мне (mne) |
тебе́ (tebé) |
ему́, нему́ 3 (jemú, nemú) |
ей, ней 3 (jej, nej) |
нам (nam) |
вам (vam) |
им, ним 3 (im, nim) |
себе́ (sebé) | |||
accusative | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 2, него́ 2 3 (jevó, nevó) |
её, неё 3 (jejó, nejó) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
их, них 3 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | |||
instrumental | мной, мно́ю 5 (mnoj, mnóju) |
тобо́й, тобо́ю 5 (tobój, tobóju) |
им, ним 3 (im, nim) |
ей, ней 3, е́ю 5, не́ю 3 5 (jej, nej, jéju, néju) |
на́ми (námi) |
ва́ми (vámi) |
и́ми, ни́ми 3 (ími, ními) |
собо́й, собо́ю 5 (sobój, sobóju) | |||
prepositional 6 | мне (mne) |
тебе́ (tebé) |
нём 3 (njom) |
ней 3 (nej) |
нас (nas) |
вас (vas) |
них 3 (nix) |
себе́ (sebé) | |||
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singular | plural | reflexive | ||||||||||
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1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||||
m | n | f | m or n | f | ||||||||
nominative | я (ja) |
ты (ty) |
онъ (on) |
оно́ (onó) |
она́ (oná) |
мы (my) |
вы (vy) |
они́ (oní) |
онѣ́ (oně́) |
|||
genitive | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 1, него́ 1 2 (jevó, nevó) |
ея́ 3, нея́ 2 3 (jejá, nejá) |
насъ (nas) |
васъ (vas) |
ихъ, нихъ 2 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | ||||
dative | мнѣ (mně) |
тебѣ́ (tebě́) |
ему́, нему́ 2 (jemú, nemú) |
ей, ней 2 (jej, nej) |
намъ (nam) |
вамъ (vam) |
имъ, нимъ 2 (im, nim) |
себѣ́ (sebě́) | ||||
accusative | меня́ (menjá) |
тебя́ (tebjá) |
его́ 1, него́ 1 2 (jevó, nevó) |
её, неё 2 (jejó, nejó) |
насъ (nas) |
васъ (vas) |
ихъ, нихъ 2 (ix, nix) |
себя́ (sebjá) | ||||
instrumental | мной, мно́ю 4 (mnoj, mnóju) |
тобо́й, тобо́ю 4 (tobój, tobóju) |
имъ, нимъ 2 (im, nim) |
ей, ней 2, е́ю 4, не́ю 2 4 (jej, nej, jéju, néju) |
на́ми (námi) |
ва́ми (vámi) |
и́ми, ни́ми 2 (ími, ními) |
собо́й, собо́ю 4 (sobój, sobóju) | ||||
prepositional5 | мнѣ (mně) |
тебѣ́ (tebě́) |
нёмъ 2 (njom) |
ней 2 (nej) |
насъ (nas) |
васъ (vas) |
нихъ 2 (nix) |
себѣ́ (sebě́) | ||||
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Related terms
[edit]Tundra Nenets
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Samoyedic *tëə. Cognates with Forest Enets тэ and Tundra Enets тэа.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ты • (ti)
Declension
[edit]Declension of ты (ti) (regular) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | ты (ti) | тыхыʼ (tixih) | тыˮ (tiq) |
genitive | тыʼ (tih) | тыхыʼ (tixih) | тыˮ (tiq) |
accusative | тым (tim°) | тыхыʼ (tixih) | ты (ti) |
allative | тын (tin°) | тыхыняʼ (tixinyah) | тыхыˮ (tixiq) |
locative | тыхына (tixina) | тыхыняна (tixinyana) | тыхыˮна (tixiqna) |
ablative | тыхыд (tixid°) | тыхыняд (tixinyad°) | тыхыт (tixit°) |
prolative | тывна (tiwna) | тыхынямна (tixinyamna) | тыˮмӑна (tiqmăna) |
References
[edit]- Pyrerka, A. P., Tereščenko, N. M. (1948) Русско-ненецкий словарь [Russian–Nenets Dictionary], Moscow: Огиз, page 167
- N. M. Tereschenko (2005) “ты”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN
- Irina Nikolaeva (2014) A Grammar of Tundra Nenets, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 20
Udmurt
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Permic *tu̇, from Proto-Uralic *towe. Cognates include Hungarian tó and Southern Selkup то̄ (tō).
Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian ты (ty) and Komi-Yazva тө (tå).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ты • (ty)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | ты ty |
тыос tyos |
accusative | тыэз tyez |
тыосыз tyosyz |
genitive | тылэн tylen |
тыослэн tyoslen |
dative | тылы tyly |
тыослы tyosly |
ablative | тылэсь tyleś |
тыослэсь tyosleś |
instrumental | тыэн tyen |
тыосын tyosyn |
abessive | тытэк tytek |
тыостэк tyostek |
adverbial | тыя tyja |
тыосъя tyosja |
inessive | тыын tyyn |
тыосын tyosyn |
illative | тыэ tye |
тыосы tyosy |
elative | тыысь tyyś |
тыосысь tyosyś |
egressive | тыысьен tyyśjen |
тыосысьен tyosyśjen |
terminative | тыозь tyoź |
тыосозь tyosoź |
prolative | тытӥ tyti |
тыосытӥ tyosyti |
allative | тылань tylań |
тыослань tyoslań |
References
[edit]- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “ты”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 666
- Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 260
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- Udmurt terms derived from Proto-Permic
- Udmurt terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Udmurt terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Udmurt terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Udmurt/ɯ̈
- Rhymes:Udmurt/ɯ̈/1 syllable
- Udmurt lemmas
- Udmurt nouns