-य
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- -इय (-iya) — only used after two consonants
Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- -ᬬ (Balinese script)
- -ယ (Burmese script)
- -य (Devanagari script)
- -ਯ (Gurmukhi script)
- -𑌯 (Grantha script)
- -ꦪ (Javanese script)
- -𑂨 (Kaithi script)
- -យ (Khmer script)
- -ຍ (Lao script)
- -യ (Malayalam script)
- -ᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
- -𑘧 (Modi script)
- -ᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- -𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
- -𑐫 (Newa script)
- -ଯ (Odia script)
- -ꢫ (Saurashtra script)
- -𑆪 (Sharada script)
- -𑖧 (Siddham script)
- -ය (Sinhalese script)
- -𑩻 (Soyombo script)
- -𑚣 (Takri script)
- -ய (Tamil script)
- -ย (Thai script)
- -་ཡ (Tibetan script)
- -𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-yós. Cognate with Latin -ius.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-य • (-ya)
- forms the gerundive
- creates adjectives from noun or verb stems
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -यः (-yaḥ) | -यौ (-yau) -या¹ (-yā¹) |
-याः (-yāḥ) -यासः¹ (-yāsaḥ¹) |
| vocative | -य (-ya) | -यौ (-yau) -या¹ (-yā¹) |
-याः (-yāḥ) -यासः¹ (-yāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | -यम् (-yam) | -यौ (-yau) -या¹ (-yā¹) |
-यान् (-yān) |
| instrumental | -येन (-yena) | -याभ्याम् (-yābhyām) | -यैः (-yaiḥ) -येभिः¹ (-yebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | -याय (-yāya) | -याभ्याम् (-yābhyām) | -येभ्यः (-yebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -यात् (-yāt) | -याभ्याम् (-yābhyām) | -येभ्यः (-yebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -यस्य (-yasya) | -ययोः (-yayoḥ) | -यानाम् (-yānām) |
| locative | -ये (-ye) | -ययोः (-yayoḥ) | -येषु (-yeṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -या (-yā) | -ये (-ye) | -याः (-yāḥ) |
| vocative | -ये (-ye) | -ये (-ye) | -याः (-yāḥ) |
| accusative | -याम् (-yām) | -ये (-ye) | -याः (-yāḥ) |
| instrumental | -यया (-yayā) -या¹ (-yā¹) |
-याभ्याम् (-yābhyām) | -याभिः (-yābhiḥ) |
| dative | -यायै (-yāyai) | -याभ्याम् (-yābhyām) | -याभ्यः (-yābhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -यायाः (-yāyāḥ) -यायै² (-yāyai²) |
-याभ्याम् (-yābhyām) | -याभ्यः (-yābhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -यायाः (-yāyāḥ) -यायै² (-yāyai²) |
-ययोः (-yayoḥ) | -यानाम् (-yānām) |
| locative | -यायाम् (-yāyām) | -ययोः (-yayoḥ) | -यासु (-yāsu) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -यम् (-yam) | -ये (-ye) | -यानि (-yāni) -या¹ (-yā¹) |
| vocative | -य (-ya) | -ये (-ye) | -यानि (-yāni) -या¹ (-yā¹) |
| accusative | -यम् (-yam) | -ये (-ye) | -यानि (-yāni) -या¹ (-yā¹) |
| instrumental | -येन (-yena) | -याभ्याम् (-yābhyām) | -यैः (-yaiḥ) -येभिः¹ (-yebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | -याय (-yāya) | -याभ्याम् (-yābhyām) | -येभ्यः (-yebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -यात् (-yāt) | -याभ्याम् (-yābhyām) | -येभ्यः (-yebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -यस्य (-yasya) | -ययोः (-yayoḥ) | -यानाम् (-yānām) |
| locative | -ये (-ye) | -ययोः (-yayoḥ) | -येषु (-yeṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Whitney (1889), Sanskrit Grammar, chapter 13, §962-963 and chapter 17, §1210-1213
Further reading
[edit]- Wackernagel, Jakob (1896-1964) Altindische Grammatik [Grammar of Ancient Indian] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 633-670, pages 778-841