-अयति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• -ᬅᬬᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• -အယတိ (Burmese script)
• -अयति (Devanagari script)
• -ਅਯਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• -𑌅𑌯𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• -ꦄꦪꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• -𑂃𑂨𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• -អយតិ (Khmer script)
• -ອຍຕິ (Lao script)
• -അയതി (Malayalam script)
• -ᠠᠶᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• -𑘀𑘧𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• -ᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• -𑦠𑧇𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• -𑐀𑐫𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• -ଅଯତି (Odia script)
• -ꢂꢫꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• -𑆃𑆪𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• -𑖀𑖧𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• -අයති (Sinhalese script)
• -𑩐𑩻𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• -𑚀𑚣𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• -அயதி (Tamil script)
• -อยติ (Thai script)
• -ཨ་ཡ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
• -𑨀𑨪𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́.jɐ.ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɐ.jɐ.t̪i/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *-áyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-áyati, from Proto-Indo-European *(o)-éyeti. Cognate with Avestan -𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (-aiieⁱti), Latin -et (from Proto-Italic *-ēt), Proto-Germanic *-ī̆þi, and Proto-Slavic *-iti.

Suffix

-अयति • (-áyati)

1. causative suffix
2. denominative verbal suffix

Usage notes

This suffix was associated with an increase in the gradation of the root vowel to vṛddhi in open syllables. For example, from मृ (mṛ, “to die”), there is the present मरति (marati, “dies”) (in guṇa) and the causative मारयति (mārayati, “causes to die, slays”) (in vṛddhi). Verbs ending in this suffix constitute the tenth conjugation class.

An entirely new verbal paradigm could be formed from the causative/denominative by basing a seṭ root on -अय्- (-ay-). For example, मारयिष्यति (mārayiṣyati, “will cause to slay”) and मिमारयिषति (mimārayiṣati, “wants to cause to slay”, desiderative of causative). This was particularly common when the causative had developed new senses independent of the root. The periphrastic perfect was used (e.g. मारयां चकार (mārayāṃ cakāra)), a thematic aorist was formed via reduplication with a prefix typically in -ī- (e.g. अमीमरत् (ámīmarat)), and the past participle dropped the causative marker and took -इत (-ita) in the vṛddhi grade (e.g. मारित (mārita, “slain”)). It was also possible to apply this causative suffix upon other secondary conjugations, like the desiderative ("causes to want to do ...") or intensive ("causes to frequently do ...").

In modern descendant languages, this suffix itself has merged with the regular thematic class, leaving only vestiges, though the usage of the vṛddhi grade to increase valence remains. For example, मरना (marnā, “to die”) (< मरति (marati, “dies”)) with transitive मारना (mārnā, “to beat”) (< मारयति (mārayati, “slays”)). It was eclipsed over the course of Middle Indo-Aryan by the related suffix -आपयति (-āpayati).

Conjugation

Present: -अयति (-áyati), -अयते (-áyate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	-अयति -áyati	-अयतः -áyataḥ	-अयन्ति -áyanti	-अयते -áyate	-अयेते -áyete	-अयन्ते -áyante
Second	-अयसि -áyasi	-अयथः -áyathaḥ	-अयथ -áyatha	-अयसे -áyase	-अयेथे -áyethe	-अयध्वे -áyadhve
First	-अयामि -áyāmi	-अयावः -áyāvaḥ	-अयामः / -अयामसि¹ -áyāmaḥ / -áyāmasi¹	-अये -áye	-अयावहे -áyāvahe	-अयामहे -áyāmahe
Imperative
Third	-अयतु -áyatu	-अयताम् -áyatām	-अयन्तु -áyantu	-अयताम् -áyatām	-अयेताम् -áyetām	-अयन्ताम् -áyantām
Second	-अय -áya	-अयतम् -áyatam	-अयत -áyata	-अयस्व -áyasva	-अयेथाम् -áyethām	-अयध्वम् -áyadhvam
First	-अयानि -áyāni	-अयाव -áyāva	-अयाम -áyāma	-अयै -áyai	-अयावहै -áyāvahai	-अयामहै -áyāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	-अयेत् -áyet	-अयेताम् -áyetām	-अयेयुः -áyeyuḥ	-अयेत -áyeta	-अयेयाताम् -áyeyātām	-अयेरन् -áyeran
Second	-अयेः -áyeḥ	-अयेतम् -áyetam	-अयेत -áyeta	-अयेथाः -áyethāḥ	-अयेयाथाम् -áyeyāthām	-अयेध्वम् -áyedhvam
First	-अयेयम् -áyeyam	-अयेव -áyeva	-अयेम -áyema	-अयेय -áyeya	-अयेवहि -áyevahi	-अयेमहि -áyemahi
Subjunctive
Third	-अयात् / -अयाति -áyāt / -áyāti	-अयातः -áyātaḥ	-अयान् -áyān	-अयाते / -अयातै -áyāte / -áyātai	-अयैते -áyaite	-अयन्त / -अयान्तै -áyanta / -áyāntai
Second	-अयाः / -अयासि -áyāḥ / -áyāsi	-अयाथः -áyāthaḥ	-अयाथ -áyātha	-अयासे / -अयासै -áyāse / -áyāsai	-अयैथे -áyaithe	-अयाध्वै -áyādhvai
First	-अयानि -áyāni	-अयाव -áyāva	-अयाम -áyāma	-अयै -áyai	-अयावहै -áyāvahai	-अयामहै -áyāmahai
Participles
	-अयत् -áyat			-अयमान -áyamāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: -अयत् (-ayat), -अयत (-ayata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	-अयत् -ayat	-अयताम् -ayatām	-अयन् -ayan	-अयत -ayata	-अयेताम् -ayetām	-अयन्त -ayanta
Second	-अयः -ayaḥ	-अयतम् -ayatam	-अयत -ayata	-अयथाः -ayathāḥ	-अयेथाम् -ayethām	-अयध्वम् -ayadhvam
First	-अयम् -ayam	-अयाव -ayāva	-अयाम -ayāma	-अये -aye	-अयावहि -ayāvahi	-अयामहि -ayāmahi

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms suffixed with -अयति

अङ्कयति

-आपयति

आपयति

आसयति

ईरयति

एषयति

कथयति

कारयति

क्षपयति

गणयति

चालयति

चोदयति

ढौकयति

ताडयति

तानयति

तोषयति

दोषयति

द्रावयति

धारयति

नर्तयति

पादयति

पालयति

पोषयति

बर्हयति

बोधयति

भाजयति

मारयति

मोचयति

योधयति

रोपयति

लोभयति

वाहयति

विवर्धयति

शोचयति

शोषयति

श्रावयति

संतापयति

संवर्तयति

साधयति

सीवयति

स्पाशयति

हारयति

• See also Category:Sanskrit class 10 verbs

Related terms

• -आपयति (-āpayati)
• -यति (-yáti, denominative)
• -यते (-yáte, passive)

Descendants

• Pali: -एति (-eti), -अयति (-ayati) (see Pali seventh conjugation verbs)
• Ashokan Prakrit: -𑀏𑀢𑀺 (-eti), -𑀅𑀬𑀢𑀺 (-ayati) (as in 𑀅𑀭𑀥𑁂𑀢𑀺 (aradheti) < आराधयति (ārādhayati))
  • Prakrit: -एइ (-ei), -एदि (-edi)

See also

• -सति (-sati, desiderative)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *-áyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-áyati, from Proto-Indo-European *(Ø)-éyeti.

Suffix

-अयति • (-áyati)

1. Forms present verbs from roots.

   ‎कृप् (kṛp) + ‎-अयति (-ayati) → ‎कृपयति (kṛpáyati, “to mourn, lament”)

Usage notes

This suffix is generally added to the unmodified root and the resulting verbs are often intransitive. These verbs are rare in later Sanskrit.

References

• Masica, Colin P. (1993) The Indo-Aryan Languages (Cambridge Language Surveys), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 317
• Jamison, Stephanie W. (1983) Function and form in the -áya-formations of the Rig Veda and Atharva Veda, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht