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齋

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 斋 and 斎
齋 U+9F4B, 齋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9F4B
← 齊
[U+9F4A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 齌 →
[U+9F4C]

Translingual

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Traditional 齋
Shinjitai 斎
Simplified 斋

Han character

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齋 (Kangxi radical 210, 齊+3, 17 strokes, cangjie input 卜難火 (YXF), four-corner 00223, composition ⿵齊小)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1531, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48565
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2069, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4785, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+9F4B

Chinese

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trad. 齋
simp. 斋

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 齋
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
儕 *zriːl
麡 *zriːl, *ʔsliːl, *zliːl
齋 *ʔsriːl
穧 *ʔsleds, *ʔsliːls, *zliːls
擠 *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
躋 *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
齏 *ʔsliːl
齎 *ʔsliːl, *ʔslil
櫅 *ʔsliːl
齌 *ʔsliːl, *sʰliːl, *zliːls
隮 *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
賷 *ʔsliːl
虀 *ʔsliːl
濟 *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls
癠 *ʔsliːlʔ, *zliːl, *zliːlʔ, *zliːls
霽 *ʔsliːls
齊 *zliːl, *zliːls
臍 *zliːl
蠐 *zliːl, *zlil
懠 *zliːl, *zliːls
薺 *zliːlʔ, *zlil
鱭 *zliːlʔ
嚌 *zliːls
劑 *zliːls, *ʔslel
齍 *ʔslil

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsriːl) : phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls) + semantic 示 (“god; deity”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • che - vernacular;
  • chai - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 齋
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂai⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡sai⁴⁴/
/ʈ͡ʂai⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sai²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂɛ²¹³/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂɛ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂai²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡sai²¹/
Xining /t͡sɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂɛ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂɛ³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡sai⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂæ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂae³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂe̞²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sai¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sæ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sɛ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡se⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sɑ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡se̞³³/
Wenzhou /t͡sa³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sa³¹/
Tunxi /t͡sa¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sai³³/
Xiangtan /t͡sai³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sai⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sai⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /t͡sɑi²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sai⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sɛ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sai⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡se³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sai²³/
/t͡sɛ²³/
Rime
Character 齋
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 莊 (18)
Final (韻) 皆 (33)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 側皆切
Baxter tsreaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ʃˠɛi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈ͡ʂᵚæi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ʃɐi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈ͡ʂəɨj/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ʃɛi/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ʃɐi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʈ͡ʂăi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhāi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zaai1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 齋
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhāi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsreaj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tsˁr[ə]j/
English purify oneself

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 齋
Reading # 1/1
No. 10031
Phonetic
component 		齊
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		齋
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsriːl/

Definitions

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齋

  1. (historical) to show one's piety before offering sacrifices and other ceremonies in ancient times, by abstaining from meat and alcohol, bathing oneself and clearing one's mind of distracting thoughts
  2. † solemn; earnest
  3. vegetarian diet (often adopted for religious reasons)
    吃齋／吃斋  ―  chīzhāi  ―  to be a vegetarian
  4. fasting
    齋月／斋月  ―  zhāiyuè  ―  Ramadan
  5. (Buddhism, Taoism) religious ceremony (Classifier: 堂 c)
  6. (Cantonese) plain; dull; boring; dry
    齋啡／斋啡 [Cantonese]  ―  zaai1 fe1 [Jyutping]  ―  black coffee
    早餐淨係食塊麵包會唔會齋咗啲呢？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    早餐净系食块面包会唔会斋咗啲呢？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    zou2 caan1 zing6 hai6 sik6 faai3 min6 baau1 wui5 m4 wui5 zaai1 zo2 di1 ne1? [Jyutping]
    Wouldn't it be a bit dull to just have a piece of bread for breakfast?
  7. (Cantonese) purely; only; just
    Synonym: 淨 / 净 (jìng)
    齋噏／斋噏 [Cantonese]  ―  zaai1 ngap1 [Jyutping]  ―  to just talk
    齋睇唔買／斋睇唔买 [Cantonese]  ―  zaai1 tai2 m4 maai5 [Jyutping]  ―  to just browse around and not buy anything; to window-shop
    齋坐／斋坐 [Cantonese]  ―  zaai1 co5 [Jyutping]  ―  to just sit (at a restaurant, cafe, etc. without ordering)
  8. to give alms to monks
  9. study (room); studio
  10. house; shop; building
  11. a surname

Synonyms

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  • (vegetarian diet): 素食 (sùshí)

Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “non-vegetarian”): 葷／荤 (hūn)

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Thai: เจ (jee)
  • → Vietnamese: chay

Japanese

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Shinjitai

斎

Kyūjitai

齋

Kanji

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齋

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 斎)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 斎

Readings

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Etymology

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For pronunciation and definitions of 齋 – see the following entry.
【斎】S
[kanji] jōyō kanji
[kanji] cleansing, purification
[kanji] Buddhist service
[kanji] room
(This term, 齋, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean

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Hanja

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齋 (eumhun 엄숙할 재 (eomsukhal jae))
齋 (eumhun 집 재 (jip jae))
齋 (eumhun 상복 재 (sangbok jae))
齋 (eumhun 재계할 재 (jaegyehal jae))
齋 (eumhun 공부방 재 (gongbubang jae))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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齋: Hán Việt readings: trai (莊(trang)皆(giai)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], chay[4]
齋: Nôm readings: chay[1][2][3][4][5][6], trai[2][7][4][5][6], chai[1], rai[1], chây[3], trơi[7]

  1. chữ Hán form of trai (“to abstain; to fast”).
  2. Nôm form of chay (“to abstain; to fast”).

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hồ (1976).
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