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盾

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 眉 and 貭
盾 U+76FE, 盾
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-76FE
← 盽
[U+76FD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 盿 →
[U+76FF]

Translingual

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Han character

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盾 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹十月山 (HJBU), four-corner 72264, composition ⿸𠂆𥃭 or ⿸𣂑目)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 801, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23171
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1218, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2475, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+76FE

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 盾

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 盾
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (盾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
盾 *l'uːnʔ, *ɦljunʔ
遁 *l'uːnʔ, *l'uːns
循 *ljun
揗 *ljun, *ɦljunʔ, *ɦljuns
楯 *ljun, *l̥ʰun, *ɦljunʔ
輴 *l̥ʰun
腯 *l'uːd
鍎 *l'uːd

Pictogram (象形) — a shield (in the oracle bone script). Note that under the 𠂆 is not 直 - one less stroke here. See also 古, perhaps a differentiation of 盾.

Etymology

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“shield”
Compare Burmese လွှား (hlwa:, “oblong shield”) (Starostin). It is unclear whether Chepang [script needed] (dhəl) is related (Schuessler, 2007). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
“dong”
Borrowed from Vietnamese đồng, from Chinese 銅 (MC duwng, “copper”).
1849 “godless florin”
“guilder; gulden; rupiah”
Probably first referred to the two shilling coin, also known as the florin, which had four crowned cruciform shields with a rose in the centre. It was later used for the Dutch guilder, which replaced an older currency known as the florin. Since the guilder was used in Indonesia, when the rupiah replaced it, the Chinese name for the guilder continued to be used for the rupiah.

Pronunciation

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Note: seon5 - rare variant.
Rime
Character 盾 盾
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 船 (27) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 諄 (47) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 食尹切 徒損切
Baxter zywinX dwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʑiuɪnX/ /duənX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʑʷinX/ /duonX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʑjuenX/ /duənX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʑwinX/ /dwənX/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ʑiuĕnX/ /duənX/
Wang
Li 		/d͡ʑĭuĕnX/ /duənX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡ʑʰi̯uĕnX/ /dʱuənX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shùn dùn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		seon6 deon6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 盾
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dùn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dwonX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lˁu[n]ʔ/
English shield

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 盾 盾
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 2623 2631
Phonetic
component 		盾 盾
Rime
group 		文 文
Rime
subdivision 		2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		囤 盾
Old
Chinese 		/*l'uːnʔ/ /*ɦljunʔ/

Definitions

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盾

  1. (military) shield
  2. shield-shaped object
  3. (figurative) support; aid; assistance
  4. dong (Vietnamese currency)
  5. guilder; gulden (several currencies)
  6. rupiah (Indonesian currency)

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 元 (“yuan; dollar”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 圓, 元
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 塊
Taiwan 塊
Harbin 塊
Malaysia 塊
Singapore 塊
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 塊
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 塊
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 塊
Wanrong 塊
Xi'an 塊
Xining 塊
Xuzhou 塊
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 塊
Lanzhou 塊
Ürümqi 塊
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 塊
Wuhan 塊
Guiyang 塊
Guilin 塊
Liuzhou 塊
Nanning (Wuming) 塊
Shanglin (Sanli) 塊
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 塊
Yangzhou 塊
Hefei 塊
Cantonese Guangzhou 蚊, 蚊雞, 雞士, 個, 銀
Hong Kong 蚊, 蚊雞, 雞士, 個, 銀, 雞嘢
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 蚊
Macau 蚊
Guangzhou (Panyu) 蚊
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 蚊
Guangzhou (Conghua) 蚊
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 蚊
Foshan 蚊
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 文
Foshan (Shunde) 蚊
Foshan (Sanshui) 蚊雞
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 蚊雞
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 蚊
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 蚊
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 蚊
Zhuhai (Doumen) 蚊
Jiangmen (Baisha) 蚊
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 蚊
Taishan 蚊
Kaiping (Chikan) 蚊
Enping (Niujiang) 蚊
Heshan (Yayao) 蚊
Dongguan 蚊, 蚊雞
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 蚊
Qingyuan 蚊
Fogang 蚊
Yingde (Hanguang) 蚊
Yangshan 蚊
Lianshan (Butian) 蚊
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 蚊
Shaoguan 蚊
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 蚊
Renhua 蚊雞
Lechang 蚊
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 蚊
Sihui 蚊雞
Deqing 蚊
Huaiji 蚊
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 蚊
Yunfu 蚊
Xinxing 蚊
Luoding 蚊
Yunan (Pingtai) 蚊
Yangjiang 蚊, 個
Lianjiang 蚊
Nanning 蚊
Hepu (Lianzhou) 蚊
Qinzhou 蚊
Beihai 蚊
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 蚊
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 蚊
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 蚊
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 箍, 蚊
Penang (Guangfu) 蚊
Singapore (Guangfu) 蚊, 箍
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 蚊
Móng Cái 蚊
Gan Nanchang 塊
Lichuan 塊
Pingxiang 塊
Hakka Meixian 塊
Xingning 吊
Yudu 塊
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 個
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 個
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 個
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 個
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 個
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 銀, 箍
Hong Kong 塊, 蚊
Sabah (Longchuan) 箍
Senai (Huiyang) 箍
Kuching (Hepo) 箍
Singkawang 盾
Singapore (Dabu) 箍
Huizhou Jixi 塊
Jin Taiyuan 塊
Xinzhou 塊
Northern Min Jian'ou 塊
Pucheng (Shibei) 塊
Eastern Min Fuzhou 塊
Fuqing 塊
Matsu 塊
Southern Min Xiamen 箍
Xiamen (Tong'an) 箍
Quanzhou 箍
Shishi 箍
Zhangzhou 箍
Zhao'an 箍
Dongshan 箍
Taipei 箍
New Taipei (Sanxia) 箍
Kaohsiung 箍
Yilan 箍
Changhua (Lukang) 箍
Taichung 箍
Tainan 箍
Hsinchu 箍
Kinmen 箍
Penghu (Magong) 箍
Penang (Hokkien) 箍
Singapore (Hokkien) 箍
Manila (Hokkien) 箍
Chaozhou 銀, 箍, 個, 個銀
Shantou 銀, 個, 箍 dated, 個銀
Shantou (Chenghai) 銀
Jieyang 個, 個銀
Haifeng 個銀
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 箍
Singapore (Teochew) 箍, 個銀
Leizhou 個
Wenchang 銀, 個
Haikou 個銀, 銀
Qionghai 銀
Singapore (Hainanese) 箍
Puxian Min Putian 個
Xianyou 個
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 蚊
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 蚊, 蚊雞
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 塊
Wu Shanghai 塊
Shanghai (Chongming) 塊
Suzhou 塊
Danyang 塊
Hangzhou 塊
Wenzhou 個
Jinhua 塊
Xiang Changsha 塊
Loudi 塊
Shuangfeng 塊
Quanzhou 塊

Compounds

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References

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  • “盾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “盾”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 57.

Japanese

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Alternative forms

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Kanji

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盾

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. shield, escutcheon

Readings

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  • Go-on: じゅん (jun, Jōyō)、どん (don)
  • Kan-on: しゅん (shun)、とん (ton)
  • Kun: たて (tate, 盾, Jōyō)

Etymology

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Kanji in this term
盾
たて
Grade: S
kun'yomi

The nominalized form of the verb 立てる (tateru, “stand”).

Noun

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盾(たて) • (tate) 

  1. a weapon stood up or erected before one's body to block and protect from attacks; a shield

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 盾 (MC zywinX).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

盾 (eumhun 방패 순 (bangpae sun))

  1. hanja form? of 순 (“shield”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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盾: Hán Nôm readings: thuẫn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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