從容

See also: 从容

Chinese

	from; obey; observe from; obey; observe; follow; second cousin; lax; yielding; unhurried	to hold; to contain; to allow to hold; to contain; to allow; appearance; look; countenance
trad. (從容)	從	容
simp. (从容)	从	容
alternative forms	從頌／从颂

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cóngróng, cōngróng

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ, ㄘㄨㄥㄖㄨㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sung¹ jung⁴ / cung¹ jung⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): cung¹ iung
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiông-iông / chhiong-iông

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cóngróng
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cóngróng
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻung²-jung²
  - Yale: tsúng-rúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsorngrong
  - Palladius: цунжун (cunžun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cōngróng → cōngrong (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥㄖㄨㄥˊ → ㄘㄨㄥ ˙ㄖㄨㄥ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: congro̊ng
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻung¹-jung⁵
  - Yale: tsūng-rung
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsong.rong
  - Palladius: цунжун (cunžun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʐʊŋ³⁵/ → /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ʐʊŋ²/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sung¹ jung⁴ / cung¹ jung⁴
  - Yale: sūng yùhng / chūng yùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sung¹ jung⁴ / tsung¹ jung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sung¹ yung⁴ / cung¹ yung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹/, /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    從容／从容
    蓯蓉／苁蓉
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: cung¹ iung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁴² iuŋ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiông-iông
  - Tâi-lô: tsiông-iông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciong'ioong
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ²⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong-iông
  - Tâi-lô: tshiong-iông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiong'ioong
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: tshjowng yowng

Rime
Character	從	容
Reading #	2/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	七恭切	餘封切
Baxter	tshjowng	yowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɨoŋ/	/jɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰioŋ/	/jioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰioŋ/	/ioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰuawŋ/	/juawŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰioŋ/	/ioŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭwoŋ/	/jĭwoŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯woŋ/	/i̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cōng	yóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung¹	jung⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*zloŋ loŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	從	容
Reading #	1/3	1/1
No.	1856	4284
Phonetic component	从	谷
Rime group	東	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	樅	容
Old Chinese	/*zloŋ/	/*loŋ/
Notes		說文古文從公，小徐作谷聲

Adjective

從容

calm; unhurried; leisurely
- 但這孩子卻也有可敬的地方：他的從容，他的沉默，他的獨斷獨行，他的一去不回頭，都是力的表現，都是強者適者的表現。決不婆婆媽媽的，決不粘粘搭搭的，一針見血，一刀兩斷，這正是白種人之所以為白種人。 [MSC, trad.]
  但这孩子却也有可敬的地方：他的从容，他的沉默，他的独断独行，他的一去不回头，都是力的表现，都是强者适者的表现。决不婆婆妈妈的，决不粘粘搭搭的，一针见血，一刀两断，这正是白种人之所以为白种人。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1925, 朱自清 (Zhu Ziqing), 《白種人——上帝的驕子》
  Dàn zhè háizi què yě yǒu kějìng de dìfang: tā de cóngróng, tā de chénmò, tā de dúduàndúxíng, tā de yī qù bù huítóu, dōu shì lì de biǎoxiàn, dōu shì qiángzhě shìzhě de biǎoxiàn. Juébù pópomāma de, juébù niánniándādā de, yīzhēnjiànxiě, yīdāoliǎngduàn, zhè zhèngshì báizhǒngrén zhī suǒ yǐ wéi báizhǒngrén. [Pinyin]
  But there was something about the child that could be respected. His leisurely way, his reticence, his arbitrariness, his way of walking ahead without looking back. These were manifestations of his power, the power of the strongest, of the fittest. The child was, by no means, overly careful, or irresolute. The child could hit the nail on the head and make a clean break. The child was a quintessential Caucasian.
- 至少像漫步從容地別離 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
  至少像漫步从容地别离 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
  From: 2019, 林家謙 [Terence Lam], 下一位前度 [NEXT]
  zi³ siu² zoeng⁶ maan⁶ bou⁶ sung¹ jung⁴ dei⁶ bit⁶ lei⁴ [Jyutping]
  at least part ways calmly like going for a stroll
plentiful; ample; abundant

Synonyms

(calm):

edit

冷靜／冷静 (lěngjìng)
在步 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
沉著 (chénzhuó)
淡定 (dàndìng)
清醒 (qīngxǐng)
理智 (lǐzhì)
精英 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
肅清／肃清 (sùqīng) (archaic)
自如 (zìrú) (literary)
自若 (zìruò) (literary)
鎮定／镇定 (zhèndìng)
鎮靜／镇静 (zhènjìng)

(plentiful):

edit

優／优 (yōu)
優厚／优厚 (yōuhòu)
充牣 (chōngrèn) (literary)
充盈 (chōngyíng)
博大 (bódà)
宏富 (hóngfù) (literary)
富足 (fùzú)
寬裕／宽裕 (kuānyù)
滿盈／满盈 (mǎnyíng) (literary)
盎然 (àngrán)
豐厚／丰厚 (fēnghòu)
豐富／丰富 (fēngfù)
豐滿／丰满 (fēngmǎn)
豐盛／丰盛 (fēngshèng)
豐碩／丰硕 (fēngshuò)
豐足／丰足 (fēngzú)
饒／饶 (ráo)

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (從容):

→ Japanese: 従容(しょうよう) (shōyō)

Verb

從容

(literary) to stay; to linger
(literary) to meditate; to accommodate

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 從容 – see 慫恿 (“to instigate; to incite; to provoke”). (This term is a variant form of 慫恿).