得罪

Chinese

		get; obtain; gain get; obtain; gain; proper; suitable; proud; contented; allow; permit; ready; finished; a sentence particle used after a verb to show effect; degree or possibility; to have to; must; ought to; to need to	guilt; crime; fault guilt; crime; fault; blame; sin
trad. (得罪)		得	罪
simp. #(得罪)		得	罪

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dézuì

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄜˊ ㄗㄨㄟˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dak¹ zeoi⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ak² dui⁵

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): tiet-chhui

  (Meixian, Guangdong): dêd⁵ cui⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tek-chōe / tiak-chǒe / tit-chōe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dig⁴ zo⁶ / dig⁴ zuê⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dézuì → dézui (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄜˊ ㄗㄨㄟˋ → ㄉㄜˊ ˙ㄗㄨㄟ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dézue̊i
    • Wade–Giles: tê²-tsui⁵
    • Yale: dé-dzwei
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: der.tzuey
    • Palladius: дэцзуй (dɛczuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɤ³⁵ t͡su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/ → /tɤ³⁵ d͡z̥u̯eɪ̯³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: dak¹ zeoi⁶
    • Yale: dāk jeuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dak⁷ dzoey⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: deg¹ zêu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐk̚⁵ t͡sɵy̯²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ak² dui⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ak̚⁵⁵ tui³²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tiet-chhui
    • Hakka Romanization System: died^ˋ cui
    • Hagfa Pinyim: diad⁵ cui⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ti̯et̚² t͡sʰu̯i⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: dêd⁵ cui⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tɛt̚¹ t͡sʰuɪ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tek-chōe
    • Tâi-lô: tik-tsuē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dekzoe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sue²²/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sue²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sue³³/
    • IPA (Singapore): /tek̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sue²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiak-chǒe
    • Tâi-lô: tiak-tsuě
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sue²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tit-chōe
    • Tâi-lô: tit-tsuē
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ditzoe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tit̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sue²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tit̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sue³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dig⁴ zo⁶ / dig⁴ zuê⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tik tsŏ / tik tsuĕ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tik̚²⁻⁴ t͡so³⁵/, /tik̚²⁻⁴ t͡sue³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: tok dzwojX

Rime
Character	得	罪
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	德 (131)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	多則切	徂賄切
Baxter	tok	dzwojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tək̚/	/d͡zuʌiX/
Pan Wuyun	/tək̚/	/d͡zuoiX/
Shao Rongfen	/tək̚/	/d͡zuɒiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tək̚/	/d͡zwəjX/
Li Rong	/tək̚/	/d͡zuᴀiX/
Wang Li	/tək̚/	/d͡zuɒiX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tək̚/	/d͡zʱuɑ̆iX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	de	zuì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dak1	zeoi6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤək  [dz]ˤujʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tɯːɡ  zuːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	得	罪
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dé	zuì
Middle Chinese	‹ tok ›	‹ dzwojX ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁək/	/*[dz]ˁujʔ/
English	obtain	crime, offense
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	得	罪
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2165	17981
Phonetic component	得	罪
Rime group	職	微
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime	德	辠
Old Chinese	/*tɯːɡ/	/*zuːlʔ/
Notes		同辠

Verb

得罪

1. to offend; to commit a faux pas

   如果他得罪了你，那他是有嘴無心。 [MSC, trad.]
   如果他得罪了你，那他是有嘴无心。 [MSC, simp.]

   Rúguǒ tā dézuì le nǐ, nà tā shì yǒuzuǐwúxīn. [Pinyin]

   If he has offended you, he does not mean it.

   好似全世界得罪你噉 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   hou² ci⁵ cyun⁴ sai³ gaai³ dak¹ zeoi⁶ nei⁵ gam² [Jyutping]

   as if the entire world has incurred your wrath

   • 若處家得罪於家長，猶有鄰家所避逃之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     若处家得罪于家长，犹有邻家所避逃之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mozi, c. 4^th century BCE

     Ruò chùjiā dézuì yú jiācháng, yóu yǒu línjiā suǒ bìtáo zhī. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (literary) to commit a crime; to break the law

Synonyms

• (to offend):

edit

• 冒犯 (màofàn)
• 唐突 (tángtū) (literary)
• 干犯 (gānfàn) (literary)
• 得失 (déshī) (dialectal)
• 惹
• 沖犯／冲犯 (chōngfàn)
• 碰撞 (pèngzhuàng)
• 衝撞／冲撞 (chōngzhuàng)
• 觸犯／触犯 (chùfàn)
• 開罪／开罪 (kāizuì) (literary)

 

• (to commit a crime):

edit

• 作案 (zuò'àn)
• 犯法 (fànfǎ)
• 犯科 (fànkē) (formal)
• 犯罪 (fànzuì)
• 獲罪／获罪 (huòzuì)
• 違法／违法 (wéifǎ)

 

Interjection

得罪

1. excuse me

   • 那人不由情願，塞在他手中，說了一聲「得罪」，竟自去了。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     那人不由情愿，塞在他手中，说了一声「得罪」，竟自去了。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: 17th century, 李漁, 《覺世名言十二樓·聞過樓第三》

     Nà rén bùyóu qíngyuàn, sāi zài tā shǒu zhōng, shuō le yīshēng “dézuì”, jìng zì qù le. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 余性爽直，落拓不羈；芸若腐儒，迂拘多禮。偶為披衣整袖，必連聲道「得罪」；或遞巾授扇，必起身來接。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     余性爽直，落拓不羁；芸若腐儒，迂拘多礼。偶为披衣整袖，必连声道「得罪」；或递巾授扇，必起身来接。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1808, 沈復, 《浮生六記》 [Six Records of a Floating Life]

     Yú xìng shuǎngzhí, luòtuòbùjī; yún ruò fǔrú, yūjū duōlǐ. Ǒu wèi pī yī zhěng xiù, bì liánshēng dào “dézuì”; huò dì jīn shòu shàn, bì qǐshēn lái jiē. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)