始皇

Chinese

		beginning; first	emperor
trad. (始皇)		始	皇
simp. #(始皇)		始	皇
Literally: “first emperor”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Shǐhuáng

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˇ ㄏㄨㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ci² wong⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Shǐhuáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˇ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Shǐhhuáng
    • Wade–Giles: Shih³-huang²
    • Yale: Shř-hwáng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shyyhwang
    • Palladius: Шихуан (Šixuan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ci² wong⁴
    • Yale: chí wòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi² wong⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: qi² wong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: syiX hwang

Rime
Character	始	皇
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	詩止切	胡光切
Baxter	syiX	hwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨX/	/ɦwɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕɨX/	/ɦʷɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕieX/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨX/	/ɦwaŋ/
Li Rong	/ɕiəX/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Wang Li	/ɕĭəX/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕiX/	/ɣwɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shǐ	huáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si2	wong4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥əʔ  [ɢ]ʷˤaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hljɯʔ  ɡʷaːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	始	皇	皇
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shǐ	huáng	huáng
Middle Chinese	‹ syiX ›	‹ hwang ›	‹ hwang ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥əʔ/	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/
English	begin	yellow and white spotted	sovereign
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	始	皇
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12291	12696
Phonetic component	台	王
Rime group	之	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	始	黃
Old Chinese	/*hljɯʔ/	/*ɡʷaːŋ/
Notes		禮王制鄭注冕屬， 金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文

Proper noun

始皇

1. Qin Shi Huang (259–210 B.C.E.)

始皇

Derived terms

• 始皇帝 (Shǐhuángdì)
• 秦始皇 (Qín Shǐhuáng)
• 秦始皇陵