𐽰𐽰𐽲𐾄

Old Uyghur

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 惡 (ʔak̚, “bad”).

Adjective

𐽰𐽰𐽲𐾄 (ak /ʾʾq̈/)

1. hated, hateful, despicable

   𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄 𐽻𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺𐽽𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶

   ak sakïnčlïg ak yagï

   hated enemy with hateful thoughts

   𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄 𐽶𐽰𐽴𐽳𐽲

   ak yazuk

   a despicable sin

Derived terms

• 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐾄𐾁𐽰𐽺𐽽𐽶𐽲 (aklančïg, “disgusting, irking”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐾄𐾁𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽲 (aklamaklïg, “with hate”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Common Turkic *āk (“white”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰀𐰴 (ak), Karakhanid ااقْ (âq), Yakut ак (ak), Turkish ak.

Adjective

𐽰𐽰𐽲𐾄 (ak /ʾʾq̈/)

1. white

   𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄𐽰𐽰𐾀 𐽼𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄𐽶𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰

   ak at birle ak yaŋa

   a white stallion and a white elephant

2. clear, light
3. good, favorable

Derived terms

• 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽷 (akarmak, “to whiten, to become clear”)
• >? Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐾄𐽶 (akï, “generosity”)
• 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐾄𐽻𐽶𐽲 (aksïg, “whitish, pale”)

Descendants

• Western Yugur: aq

See also

Colors in Old Uyghur · 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷 (öŋ) (layout · text)

𐽰𐽰𐽵𐾄 (ak), 𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (čagan), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (yürüŋ)	𐽼𐽳𐽴 (boz)	𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽰 (kara)
𐽰𐽰𐾁 (al), 𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽹 (ïŋïrdïm), 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (kïzïl)	𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ar), 𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽳𐽾𐽲𐾄𐽰 (bozurga), 𐽲𐾄𐽳𐾁𐽰 (kula), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yagïz)	𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽵 (sarïg), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yašïl)
	𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yašïl)
	𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (čakïr), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök)
	𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yipgin, yépgin)

References

• Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “aḳ”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 9
• Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) ak, (2) ak”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 22-23