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鴻

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 鸿
鴻 U+9D3B, 鴻
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9D3B
← 鴺
[U+9D3A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鴼 →
[U+9D3C]

Translingual

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Han character

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鴻 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+6, 17 strokes, cangjie input 水一竹火 (EMHF) or 難水一竹火 (XEMHF), four-corner 37127, composition ⿰江鳥 or ⿰氵䲨)

  1. species of wild swan
  2. vast

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1488, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46874
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2019, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4632, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+9D3B

Chinese

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trad. 鴻
simp. 鸿
alternative forms 𨾊
䲨／𬷾
𩾯／⿰氵鸟
𪀤
𪅯

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
缸 *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
篢 *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
贑 *kluːmʔ
涳 *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江 *kroːŋ
肛 *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
扛 *kroːŋ
杠 *kroːŋ
豇 *kroːŋ
茳 *kroːŋ
釭 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼 *kroːŋ
玒 *kroːŋ, *koːŋ
虹 *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔 *kʰroːŋ
崆 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
羫 *kʰroːŋ
控 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
椌 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
悾 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫 *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌 *qʰroːŋ
谾 *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
舡 *qʰroːŋ
缻 *ɡroːŋ
項 *ɡroːŋʔ
屸 *ɡ·roːŋ
功 *koːŋ
工 *koːŋ
疘 *koːŋ
魟 *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻 *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
愩 *koːŋ
碽 *koːŋ
貢 *koːŋs
羾 *koːŋs
空 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
箜 *kʰoːŋ
硿 *kʰoːŋ
埪 *kʰoːŋ
鵼 *kʰoːŋ
倥 *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚 *kʰoːŋs
叿 *qʰoːŋ
嗊 *qʰoːŋʔ
訌 *ɡoːŋ
紅 *ɡoːŋ
仜 *ɡoːŋ
葒 *ɡoːŋ
渱 *ɡoːŋ
鴻 *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
汞 *ɡoːŋʔ
澒 *ɡoːŋʔ
鞏 *koŋʔ
巩 *koŋʔ
銎 *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
恐 *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
蛩 *ɡoŋ
筇 *ɡoŋ
桏 *ɡoŋ
邛 *ɡoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ) : phonetic 江 (OC *kroːŋ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 鴻 鴻
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 東 (1) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 戸公切 胡孔切
Baxter huwng huwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦuŋ/ /ɦuŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦuŋ/ /ɦuŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuŋ/ /ɣuŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦəwŋ/ /ɦəwŋX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuŋ/ /ɣuŋX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣuŋ/ /ɣuŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣuŋ/ /ɣuŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hóng hòng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hung4 hung6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鴻
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hóng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ huwng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ˁoŋ/
English kind of wild goose

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鴻 鴻
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4061 4062
Phonetic
component 		工 工
Rime
group 		東 東
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		洪 澒
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡoːŋ/ /*ɡoːŋʔ/

Definitions

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鴻

  1. (literary) swan
  2. (literary) swan goose
  3. (literary, figuratively) letter; epistle; written message
  4. (literary) of great size; big; large; huge
  5. (literary) strong; powerful; energetic

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 大雁 (“swan goose”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 鴻雁, 鴻
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 雁, 大雁, 鴻雁
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 大雁
Chengde 大雁
Chifeng 大雁
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 大雁
Heihe 大雁, 雁
Qiqihar 大雁
Harbin 大雁, 雁
Jiamusi 大雁
Baicheng 大雁
Changchun 大雁
Tonghua 大雁
Shenyang 大雁, 雁
Jinzhou 大雁, 雁
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 大雁
Tangshan 大雁
Cangzhou 大雁
Baoding 大雁
Shijiazhuang 大雁
Lijin 大雁, 雁
Jinan 大雁, 雁
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 大雁
Dandong 大雁, 雁
Yantai 大雁
Yantai (Muping) 老雁
Qingdao 雁
Zhucheng 大雁
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 大雁, 雁
Lingbao 雁
Jining 大雁, 雁
Wanrong 雁
Linfen 大雁, 雁
Shangqiu 大雁
Yuanyang 大雁, 雁
Zhengzhou 雁
Xinyang 大雁
Baihe 大雁
Xi'an 大雁
Baoji 大雁
Tianshui 大雁
Xining 咕嚕雁, 雁兒
Xuzhou 大雁
Fuyang 大雁, 雁
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 大雁, 雁
Lanzhou 雁
Dunhuang 咕嚕雁
Hami 雁
Ürümqi 大雁, 雁
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 大雁, 雁鵝
Nanchong 雁
Dazhou 雁鵝
Hanyuan 雁鵝
Xichang 雁鵝, 雁
Zigong 雁鵝
Chongqing 雁鵝
Wuhan 大雁, 雁
Yichang 大雁, 雁
Xiangyang 大雁, 雁
Tianmen 大雁, 雁
Guiyang 雁鵝, 大雁
Zunyi 雁鵝, 大雁
Bijie 雁鵝
Liping 大雁
Zhaotong 雁鵝
Dali 大雁
Kunming 大雁, 雁
Mengzi 大雁
Guilin 大雁, 雁鵝
Liuzhou 大雁
Jishou 大雁
Changde 雁鵝
Hanzhong 大雁, 雁
Mae Salong (Lancang) 大雁
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 大雁
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 雁子, 大雁子, 大雁
Yangzhou 大雁
Lianyungang 大雁
Lianshui 雁
Nantong 雁
Anqing 雁
Wuhu 雁
Hefei 大雁
Hong'an 雁鵝, 雁
Cantonese Hong Kong 雁
Dongguan 雁鵝, 雁
Beihai 雁
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 大雁
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 大雁
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 雁
Móng Cái 雁鵝
Gan Nanchang 雁鵝
Lichuan 雁
Pingxiang 雁鵝
Hakka Meixian 雁鵝
Yudu 雁鵝
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 雁
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 雁
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 雁
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 雁
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 雁
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 雁
Huizhou Jixi 雁
Shexian 雁
Jin Taiyuan 大雁, 雁
Yangyuan 大雁, 雁
Datong 大雁, 雁
Xinzhou 雁兒
Lüliang (Lishi) 雁
Changzhi 大雁, 雁
Linhe 大雁
Jining 大雁
Hohhot 大雁, 雁
Erenhot 大雁
Pingshan 大雁, 雁
Zhangjiakou 大雁
Handan 大雁, 雁
Linzhou 大雁
Suide 雁
Eastern Min Fuzhou 雁
Southern Min Shantou 雁鵝
Leizhou 雁鳥, 鵠鶴
Haikou 雁鳥, 雁
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 雁
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 鵝娘子
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 天鵝
Wu Shanghai 大雁, 雁鵝
Danyang 雁
Hangzhou 雁鵝
Ningbo 雁鵝
Zhoushan 雁鵝
Xiang Changsha 雁子, 雁鵝
Loudi 雁, 雁阿
Hengyang 雁鵝
Xiangnan Tuhua Jiangyong 雁鳥, 天鵝鳥
Dong'an 雁鵝
Yuebei Tuhua Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang) 大雁
Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang) 雁
Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang) 湖鴨
Renhua (Zhoutian) 大雁
Renhua (Shitang) 大雁
Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou) 雁
Lechang (Changlai) 天鵝
Lechang (Beixiang) 白康
Lechang (Huangpu) 天鵝
Lechang (Guitang, Pingshi) 天鵝
Lechang (Sanxi) 天鵝
  • (letter):
  • (of great size): 大 (dà)
  • (strong): 強／强 (qiáng)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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鴻

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. a large bird
  2. a wild goose
  3. large/great
  4. powerful
  5. prosperous

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Kanji in this term
鴻
ひしくい
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Noun

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鴻(ひしくい) or 鴻(ヒシクイ) • (hishikui) ←ひしくひ (fisikufi) or ヒシクヒ (fisikufi)?

  1. Alternative spelling of 菱食 (“taiga bean goose (Anser fabalis)”)

Korean

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Hanja

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鴻 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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鴻: Hán Nôm readings: hồng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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