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芋

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
芋 U+828B, 芋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-828B
← 芊
[U+828A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 芌 →
[U+828C]
芋 U+2F990, 芋
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F990
← 芑
[U+2F98F] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 芝 →
[U+2F991]

Translingual

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Han character

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芋 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 廿一木 (TMD) or 難廿一木 (XTMD), four-corner 44401, composition ⿱艹于)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1018, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30670
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1476, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3174, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+828B

Chinese

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trad. 芋
simp. # 芋
alternative forms 芌
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 芋 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 芋 (Cantonese)
  • 芋 (Wu)

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (于) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
侉 *qaːls
夸 *kʰʷraː
姱 *kʰʷraː
胯 *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
跨 *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
誇 *kʰʷraː
垮 *kʰʷraːʔ
銙 *kʰʷraːʔ
骻 *kʰʷraːʔ
咵 *kʰʷraːʔ
釫 *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː
摦 *ɡʷraːs
鮬 *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː
嶀 *qʰʷl'aː
扝 *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː
刳 *kʰʷaː
郀 *kʰʷaː
挎 *kʰʷaː
袴 *kʰʷaːs
絝 *kʰʷaːs
褲 *kʰʷaːs
恗 *qʰaː
洿 *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː
瓠 *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs
鄠 *ɢʷlaːʔ
污 *qʷaː, *qʷaːs
杇 *qʷaː
圬 *qʷaː
鴮 *qʷaː
盓 *qʷaː
汙 *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa
樗 *qʰʷl'a
摴 *qʰʷl'a
荂 *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa
雩 *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla
吁 *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas
盱 *qʰʷa
訏 *qʰʷa
扜 *qʰʷa, *qʷa
旴 *qʰʷa
冔 *qʰʷaʔ
紆 *qʷa
陓 *qʷa
迂 *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa
虶 *qʷa
于 *ɢʷa
盂 *ɢʷa
竽 *ɢʷa
邘 *ɢʷa
玗 *ɢʷa
芋 *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas
杅 *ɢʷa
釪 *ɢʷa
骬 *ɢʷa
謣 *ɢʷla
宇 *ɢʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas): semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa) – taro.

Etymology 1

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Unclear. Shuowen suggests that the word arises from the startling size of the taro, leading Kai Xu to connect it to 吁 (OC *qʰʷa), which is the sound that one makes when one is startled. However, this seems to be folk etymology.

Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *wouH (“taro”), Burmese ဝ (wa., “elephant foot yam”), Tibetan གྲོ་མ (gro ma, “Argentina anserina (syn. Potentilla anserina), a plant with small edible tubers”). There are various theories on how all these words are related:

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ō͘/ǒ͘ - vernacular;
  • ū/ī - literary.
Rime
Character 芋
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 王遇切
Baxter hjuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨoH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦioH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣioH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦuə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/ɣioH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 芋
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjuH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷ(r)a-s/
English taro (Colocasia antiquorum?)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 芋
Reading # 2/2
No. 15720
Phonetic
component 		于
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		芋
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷas/

Definitions

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芋

  1. taro
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 芋頭 (“taro”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 芋
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 芋, 芋艿
Taxonomic name 芋
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 芋頭
Taiwan 芋頭
Harbin 芋頭
Singapore 芋頭
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 芋頭
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 芋頭
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 芋頭
Xi'an 芋頭
Xuzhou 毛芋頭, 芋頭
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 芋頭
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 芋頭, 芋子
Wuhan 芋頭
Guiyang 芋頭, 毛芋頭
Guilin 芋頭
Liuzhou 芋頭
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 芋頭
Yangzhou 芋頭
Nantong 芋頭
Cantonese Guangzhou 芋頭
Hong Kong 芋頭
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 芋頭
Macau 芋頭
Guangzhou (Panyu) 芋頭
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 芋頭
Guangzhou (Conghua) 芋頭
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 芋頭
Foshan 芋頭
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 芋頭
Foshan (Shunde) 芋頭
Foshan (Sanshui) 芋頭
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 芋頭
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 芋頭
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 芋頭
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 芋
Zhuhai (Doumen) 芋
Jiangmen (Baisha) 芋
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 芋
Taishan 芋頭
Kaiping (Chikan) 芋頭
Enping (Niujiang) 芋頭
Heshan (Yayao) 芋
Dongguan 芋頭, 芋
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 芋頭
Shaoguan 芋頭
Yunfu 芋頭
Xinyi 芋頭
Lianjiang 芋頭
Nanning 芋頭
Wuzhou 芋頭
Yulin 芋頭
Hepu (Lianzhou) 芋頭
Singapore (Guangfu) 芋頭
Gan Nanchang 芋頭
Lichuan 芋, 芋頭
Pingxiang 芋頭
Hakka Meixian 芋仔, 芋頭
Yudu 芋子, 芋頭
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 芋仔, 芋頭
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 芋仔, 芋頭
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 芋仔, 芋頭
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 芋, 芋頭, 芋卵
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 芋仔, 芋, 芋頭, 芋卵
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 芋, 芋卵
Huizhou Jixi 芋頭
Jin Taiyuan 芋頭
Northern Min Jian'ou 芋頭, 芋
Eastern Min Fuzhou 芋
Fuqing 芋頭
Southern Min Xiamen 芋
Quanzhou 芋
Zhangzhou 芋
Taipei 芋仔
New Taipei (Sanxia) 芋仔
Kaohsiung 芋仔
Yilan 芋仔
Changhua (Lukang) 芋仔
Taichung 芋仔
Tainan 芋仔
Hsinchu 芋仔
Kinmen 芋
Penghu (Magong) 芋
Penang (Hokkien) 芋
Singapore (Hokkien) 芋
Manila (Hokkien) 芋
Chaozhou 芋
Singapore (Teochew) 芋
Leizhou 芋
Haikou 芋
Puxian Min Putian 芋
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 芋頭, 芋 plant
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 芋
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 芋
Xianyou 芋
Xianyou (Fengting) 芋
Xianyou (Youyang) 芋
Central Min Yong'an 芋頭
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 芋
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 芋, 芋頭
Waxiang Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 芋頭
Wu Shanghai 芋艿, 芋艿頭
Shanghai (Chongming) 芋艿
Suzhou 芋艿
Danyang 芋頭, 芋頭麻子, 芋頭子子, 芋頭婆婆
Hangzhou 芋艿
Ningbo 芋艿
Wenzhou 芋
Jinhua 芋, 毛芋
Xiang Changsha 芋頭, 芋子
Loudi 芋子

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 芋
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羽俱切
Baxter hju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦio/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦuə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ɣio/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 芋
Reading # 1/2
No. 15712
Phonetic
component 		于
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		于
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷa/

Definitions

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芋

  1. (historical dictionaries only, of grass) lush; luxuriant

Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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芋

  1. (historical dictionaries only) large; great
  2. (historical dictionaries only) to have

Etymology 4

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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芋

  1. Used in 芋尹 (yǔyǐn).
  2. Alternative form of 宇 (yǔ, “to live; to reside”)

Japanese

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Kanji

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芋

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: う (u)
  • Kan-on: う (u)
  • Kun: いも (imo, 芋, Jōyō)、うも (umo, 芋)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
芋
いも
Grade: S
kun'yomi
 芋 on Japanese Wikipedia

From Old Japanese, attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1] May be a shift from older form うも (umo),[2][3][4][5] ultimately from Proto-Japonic *umo.

Cognate with Okinawan 芋 ('nmu).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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芋(いも) or 芋(イモ) • (imo) 

  1. [from 720] edible tuber
    1. potato
    2. sweet potato
    3. yam
    4. taro
Usage notes
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As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イモ.

Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
芋
いも
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From 芋虫(いもむし) (imomushi), from a player character's resemblance to a caterpillar once moving while prone.

Noun

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芋(いも) • (imo) 

  1. (video games) camper, a person who stays in one spot in a first-person shooting game
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ “芋・薯・藷”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ “芋”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ “芋”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  6. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  8. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 芋 (MC hjuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 芌/우〯 (wǔ) (Yale: wu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

芋 (eumhun 토란 우 (toran u))

  1. hanja form? of 우 (“taro”)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Hanja

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芋 (eumhun 클 후 (keul hu))

  1. (literary Chinese) hanja form? of 후 (“large; great”)

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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芋: Hán Nôm readings: dụ, vu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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