艅艎

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (艅艎)		艅	艎
simp. #(艅艎)		艅	艎
alternative forms		餘皇／余皇

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Has there been reconstructions based on an ancient Wu/Yue language?”)

The form 餘皇 / 余皇 (yúhuáng) was attested in the Zuozhuan's account of the Battle of Chang'an (長岸之戰) in 525 BCE between the forces of Chu and Wu. The 餘皇, according to the text, might have been a personal yacht or command ship of the Wu kings, and was the focus of fierce contests in the battle.

子魚先死，楚師繼之，大敗吳師，獲其乘舟餘皇。…吳公子光請於其眾曰：「喪先王之乘舟，豈唯光之罪？眾亦有焉。請藉取之，以救死。」…楚師亂，吳人大敗之，取餘皇以歸。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

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子鱼先死，楚师继之，大败吴师，获其乘舟余皇。…吴公子光请于其众曰：「丧先王之乘舟，岂唯光之罪？众亦有焉。请借取之，以救死。」…楚师乱，吴人大败之，取余皇以归。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

Zǐyú xiān sǐ, Chǔshī jì zhī, dàbài Wúshī, huò qí chéngzhōu yúhuáng.... Wú gōngzǐ Guāng qǐng yú qí zhòng yuē: “Sàng xiānwáng zhī chéngzhōu, qǐ wéi Guāng zhī zuì? Zhòng yì yǒu yān. Qǐng jiè qǔ zhī, yǐ jiù sǐ.”... Chǔ shī luàn, Wúrén Dàbài zhī, qǔ yúhuáng yǐ guī. [Pinyin]

Ziyu of Chu was killed early in the battle, but the Chu forces fought on and decisively defeated the Wu, capturing Wu's royal vessel, the Yuhuang. …Prince Guang of Wu appealed to his men and said: "Losing the late King's personal vessel — does the fault lie with me alone? Everyone is implicated in this. I humbly request your help to recapture the ship, in the hope that we all may be spared an ignoble death."…The Chu forces fell into disorder, and the men of Wu, overwhelming them, took the Yuhuang and retreated.

The form 艅艎 (yúhuáng), attested in later literary works, was an orthographic equivalent constructed according to the principle of 形聲／形声 (xíngshēng, “phonosemantic compounding”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yúhuáng

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yúhuáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˊ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yúhuáng
    • Wade–Giles: yü²-huang²
    • Yale: yú-hwáng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuhwang
    • Palladius: юйхуан (jujxuan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: yo hwang

Rime
Character	艅	艎
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	唐 (102)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	以諸切	胡光切
Baxter	yo	hwang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨʌ/	/ɦwɑŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɔ/	/ɦʷɑŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/iɔ/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨə̆/	/ɦwaŋ/
Li Rong	/iɔ/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Wang Li	/jĭo/	/ɣuɑŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wo/	/ɣwɑŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú	huáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu4	wong4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*la  ɡʷaːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	艅	艎
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	15802	12703
Phonetic component	余	王
Rime group	魚	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	余	黃
Old Chinese	/*la/	/*ɡʷaːŋ/
Notes	餘皇類化字

Noun

艅艎

1. (literary, poetic) vessel; ship; yacht

   • 殿狎江鷗，宮鳴野雉。湛盧去國，艅艎失水。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     殿狎江鸥，宫鸣野雉。湛卢去国，艅艎失水。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Yu Xin, c. 578, The Lament for the South (《哀江南賦》)

     Diàn xiá jiāng'ōu, gōng míng yězhì. Zhànlú qùguó, yúhuáng shīshuǐ. [Pinyin]

     Stray waterbirds infested the Grand Hall
     and pheasants' cry cackled in the Palace.
     Ships were robbed of their home waterways, and my
     land abandoned by the Sword of Justice.