畝

See also: 亩

畝 U+755D, 畝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-755D ← 畜 [U+755C] CJK Unified Ideographs 畞 → [U+755E]

Translingual

Han character

畝 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜田弓人 (YWNO), four-corner 0768₀, composition ⿰亩久)

Derived characters

• 𠺖

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 761, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21815
• Dae Jaweon: page 1171, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2538, character 3
• Unihan data for U+755D

Chinese

trad.		畝
simp.		亩
alternative forms		畂 畞 𤱑 畒 畆 畂 畞 𤱑 畒 畆 𤱈 𠭇 𣢿 𤱔 畮

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 畝
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (畝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
畝	*mɯʔ
畞	*mɯʔ

Originally written as 畮, a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mɯʔ) : semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ). The phonetic component 每 was later replaced with 又, now written as the new phonetic component 久 (OC *kʷlɯʔ). The component 十 was added above 田 in the Warring States period and was later corrupted into 亠 in clerical script.

Etymology

Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Tibetan རྨོ (rmo), རྨོས (rmos, “to plow”), རྨོད (rmod, “plowing”), རྨོན་པ (rmon pa, “plow-ox”), Karbi [Term?] (-mò, “classifier for strips of fields”) (Bodman, 1980; Baxter, 1992; Schuessler, 2007).

Schuessler (2007) also suggests a connection to an Austroasiatic root, whence Old Khmer cval (“to enter; to penetrate; (of animals) to copulate”), Khmu [script needed] (cmɔɔl, “to plant (rice) with a digging stick”), [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”) (cf. Ferlus, 1987). The semantic development would be “digging stick” > “plowing” > “mu”. He also connects this to 牡 (OC *mɯwʔ, “male animal”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): mǔ (mu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mong³

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mau⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): méu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): mêu¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): mū
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bó͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bhou²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶meu; ⁶m

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mǔ
    • Wade–Giles: mu³
    • Yale: mǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muu
    • Palladius: му (mu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: mong³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /moŋ⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mau⁵
    • Yale: máuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mau⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: meo⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐu̯¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: méu
    • Hakka Romanization System: meu^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: meu³
    • Sinological IPA: /meu̯³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: mêu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /meu⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bó͘
    • Tâi-lô: bóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bor
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bhou²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bóu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /bou⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶meu; ⁶m
    • MiniDict: meu^去; m^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³meu; ³hhmm
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɤ²³/, /m̩²³/

Note:

• 3meu - literary;
• 3hhmm - vernacular.

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 畝
Mandarin	Beijing	/mu²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/mu²¹³/
	Tianjin	/mu¹³/
	Jinan	/mu⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/mu⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/mu⁵³/
	Xi'an	/mu⁵³/
	Xining	/mv̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/mu⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/mu⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/mu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/məu⁴²/
	Chengdu	/moŋ⁵³/
	Guiyang	/moŋ⁴²/
	Kunming	/mu⁵³/
	Nanjing	/mu²¹²/
	Hefei	/mʊ²⁴/ /məŋ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/mu⁵³/
	Pingyao	/mu⁵³/
	Hohhot	/mu⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/mɤ²³/ /m̩²³/
	Suzhou	/mɤ³¹/ /m³¹/
	Hangzhou	/mu⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/mɜ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/mɔ³⁵/ /m̩³⁵/
	Tunxi	/mo³¹/ /miu³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/məu⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/məɯ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/mɛu²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/meu⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/meu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/mɐu²³/
	Nanning	/mɐu²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/mɐu¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/bɔ⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/mu³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/me²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/bou⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/mɔu²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: muwX

Rime
Character	畝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫厚切
Baxter	muwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/məuX/
Pan Wuyun	/məuX/
Shao Rongfen	/məuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məwX/
Li Rong	/muX/
Wang Li	/məuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mau5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*məʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	畝
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ muwX ›
Old Chinese	/*məʔ/ (< *mˁoʔ ?)
English	Chinese acre
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	畝
Reading #	1/1
No.	9322
Phonetic component	畝
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	母
Old Chinese	/*mɯʔ/
Notes	畞隸變通用，廣韻右久原作又

Definitions

畝

1. mu (a Chinese measuring unit currently equivalent to 666 and 2/3 m² in Mainland China)
2. (Classical) cropland

   • 或問：「為政有幾？」曰：「思斁。」[…] 或問：「何思？何斁？」曰：「老人老，孤人孤，病者養，死者葬，男子畝，婦人桑，之謂思。若污人老，屈人孤，病者獨，死者逋，田畝荒，杼軸空，之謂斁。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     或问：「为政有几？」曰：「思𭣧。」[…] 或问：「何思？何𭣧？」曰：「老人老，孤人孤，病者养，死者葬，男子亩，妇人桑，之谓思。若污人老，屈人孤，病者独，死者逋，田亩荒，杼轴空，之谓𭣧。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE

     Huò wèn: “Wéi zhèng yǒu jī?” Yuē: “Sī yì.” […] Huò wèn: “Hé sī? Hé yì?” Yuē: “Lǎo rén lǎo, gū rén gū, bìngzhě yǎng, sǐzhě zàng, nánzǐ mǔ, fùrén sāng, zhī wèi sī. Ruò wū rén lǎo, qū rén gū, bìngzhě dú, sǐzhě pò, tiánmǔ huāng, zhùzhóu kōng, zhī wèi yì.” [Pinyin]

     One asked, ‘As for doing politics, is there something vital?’ Yangzi said, ‘To wish for and to loathe.’ […] One asked, ‘What to wish for? What to loathe?’ Yangzi said, ‘Treat others’ elderly as elderly, treat others’ orphans as orphans; nourish the sick and bury the dead; let men tend their croplands and let women tend the mulberry trees. This is what [I] called “to wish for”. If disrespect others’ elderly, distress others’ orphan, the sick gets alone and the dead gets [their bodies] exposed; croplands get deserted and looms get empty. This is what [I] called “to loathe”.’

Compounds

• 一畝之宮 / 一亩之宫
• 公畝 / 公亩 (gōngmǔ)
• 十畝之間 / 十亩之间
• 南畝 / 南亩 (nánmǔ)
• 地畝 / 地亩
• 壟畝之臣 / 垄亩之臣
• 市畝 / 市亩
• 畎畝 / 畎亩
• 畎畝下才 / 畎亩下才
• 畎畝之中 / 畎亩之中
• 畝丘 / 亩丘
• 畝把二畝 / 亩把二亩
• 畝把兩畝 / 亩把两亩
• 畝鍾 / 亩钟
• 英畝 / 英亩 (yīngmǔ)
• 隴畝 / 陇亩 (lǒngmǔ)

Further reading

• Chinese units of measurement on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Japanese

Kanji

畝

(Jōyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: む (mu)、も (mo)
• Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
• Kan’yō-on: ほ (ho)
• Kun: うね (une, 畝, Jōyō)、せ (se, 畝)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
畝
うね Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 畝 – see the following entry.

【うね】 [noun] a raised ridge of earth in a field [noun] rib Alternative spelling 畦

(This term, 畝, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
畝
せ Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 畝 – see the following entry.

【せ】 [noun] se (Japanese unit of area)

(This term, 畝, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
畝
ほ Grade: S
kan'yōon

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ほ [hóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ho̞]

Noun

畝(ほ) • (ho) 

1. mu (Chinese unit of surface area)

Usage notes

Different from the Japanese 畝 (se, “se”).

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 畝 (MC muwX). Recorded as Middle Korean 畒/모〯 (mwǒ) (Yale: mwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

畝 (eumhun 이랑 무 (irang mu))
畝 (eumhun 이랑 묘 (irang myo))

1. hanja form^? of 무/묘 (“mu (Chinese unit of surface area)”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

畝: Hán Nôm readings: mẩu, mẫu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.