油然

Chinese

		oil; sly	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (油然)		油	然
simp. #(油然)		油	然

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yóurán

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴ jin⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yù-yèn / yù-yàn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yóurán
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yóurán
    • Wade–Giles: yu²-jan²
    • Yale: yóu-rán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: youran
    • Palladius: южань (južanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯³⁵ ʐän³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 油然 猶然 / 犹然

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jau⁴ jin⁴
    • Yale: yàuh yìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴ jin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁴ yin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹ jiːn²¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 柔然 油然 蚰蜒

• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù-yèn
    • Hakka Romanization System: iu^ˇ ien^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu² yan²
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯u¹¹ i̯en¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù-yàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iu^ˇ (r)ian^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu² yan²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u¹¹ (j)i̯an¹¹/

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• Middle Chinese: yuw|yuwH nyen

Rime
Character	油	油	然
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	以 (36)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	尤 (136)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	以周切	余救切	如延切
Baxter	yuw	yuwH	nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨu/	/jɨuH/	/ȵiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/jiu/	/jiuH/	/ȵiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/iəu/	/iəuH/	/ȵʑjæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juw/	/juwH/	/ȵian/
Li Rong	/iu/	/iuH/	/ȵiɛn/
Wang Li	/jĭəu/	/jĭəuH/	/ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯u/	/i̯ə̯uH/	/ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóu	yòu	rán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau4	jau6	jin4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l][u]  [n]a[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*lɯw|lɯwɢs  njen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	油	然
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yóu	rán
Middle Chinese	‹ yuw ›	‹ nyen ›
Old Chinese	/*[l][u]/	/*[n]a[n]/
English	flow(ing)	so, thus; (adv suffix)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	油	油	然
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	15525	15534	10756
Phonetic component	由	由	肰
Rime group	幽	奧	元
Rime subdivision	2	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	猷	狖	然
Old Chinese	/*lɯw/	/*lɯwɢs/	/*njen/
Notes	象柚實，爲柚初文；柚爲條，由枿亦稱木生條， 同音相借

Adjective

油然

1. (literary) rising densely

   • 天油然作雲，沛然下雨，則苗浡然興之矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     天油然作云，沛然下雨，则苗浡然兴之矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Tiān yóurán zuò yún, pèirán xiàyǔ, zé miáo bórán xìng zhī yǐ. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (literary) welling up spontaneously

   油然而生  ―  yóurán'érshēng  ―  to arise spontaneously

   • 惛然若亡而存，油然不形而神。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Hūnrán ruò wáng ér cún, yóurán bù xíng ér shén. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

• 油然而生 (yóurán'érshēng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (油然):

• → Japanese: 油(ゆう)然(ぜん) (yūzen); 油(ゆ)然(ぜん) (yuzen)