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ἐρυθρός

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See also: ερυθρός

Ancient Greek

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Etymology

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From Proto-Hellenic *erutʰrós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (red), from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.

Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀬𐀲𐀨 (e-ru-ta-ra). Cognates include Russian рёдрый (rjódryj), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Latin ruber, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, and Proto-Germanic *raudaz (English red). Note that Greek is the only branch to preserve the sound of the laryngeal *h₁ at the beginning of the word, which became ε (e).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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ἐρῠθρός (erŭthrósm (feminine ἐρῠθρᾱ́, neuter ἐρῠθρόν); first/second declension

  1. reddish, red
    Synonym: πῠρρός (pŭrrhós)
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.365–367:
      ᾰ̓́λλον δ’ ἐνθένδε χρῡσὸν καὶ χᾰλκὸν ἐρῠθρὸν ἠδὲ γῠναῖκᾰς ἐῠ̈ζώνους πολῐόν τε σῐ́δηρον ᾰ̓́ξομαι
      ắllon d’ enthénde khrūsòn kaì khălkòn erŭthròn ēdè gŭnaîkăs eŭ̈zṓnous polĭón te sĭ́dēron ắxomai
      From there I will bring more gold and red bronze and fair-girdled women and much iron
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.165–166:
      αὐτᾰ̀ρ ἐγὼ σῖτον καὶ ῠ̔́δωρ καὶ οἶνον ἐρῠθρὸν ἐνθήσω μενοεικέ’
      autằr egṑ sîton kaì hŭ́dōr kaì oînon erŭthròn enthḗsō menoeiké’
      And I'll put satisfying food and water and red wine on [the boat]
    • 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 449–450:
      εὑρήσεις δέ με πᾶσῐν ἐπ’ ἔργμᾰσῐν ὥσπερ ᾰ̓́πεφθον χρῡσὸν ἐρῠθρὸν ῐ̓δεῖν τρῑβόμενον βᾰσᾰ́νῳ
      heurḗseis dé me pâsĭn ep’ érgmăsĭn hṓsper ắpephthon khrūsòn erŭthròn ĭdeîn trībómenon băsắnōi
      You will find me in all my actions like refined gold, red to the eye when rubbed against a touchstone

Inflection

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • English: erythro-
  • Greek: ερυθρός (erythrós)


Colors in Ancient Greek · χρώμᾰτᾰ (khrṓmătă) (layout · text)
     λευκός (leukós)      γλαυκός (glaukós), κῐλλός (kĭllós), πολῐός (polĭós), φαιός (phaiós), χαροπός (kharopós)      ᾰ̓μαυρός (ămaurós), κελαινός (kelainós), μαυρός (maurós), μέλᾱς (mélās)
             ἐρῠθρός (erŭthrós); κᾰρῡ́κῐνος (kărū́kĭnos), κόκκῐνος (kókkĭnos), φοινός (phoinós)              πυρρός (purrhós); ὄρφνῐνος (órphnĭnos)              μήλινος (mḗlinos), ξᾰνθός (xănthós); ὠχρός (ōkhrós)
             πρᾰ́σῐνος (prắsĭnos)              χλωρός (khlōrós)              χλωρός (khlōrós); χλωρομέλᾱς (khlōromélās)
             κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos); γλαυκός (glaukós), κᾰλάϊνος (kăláïnos)              κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos)              κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos), ὑᾰκῐ́νθῐνος (huăkĭ́nthĭnos)
             ἰόεις (ióeis), φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (hălourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphŭ́reos), οἶνοψ (oînops)              φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (hălourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphŭ́reos)              ῥόδινος (rhódinos), ῥοδόεις (rhodóeis)

References

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