ἐρυθρός
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See also: ερυθρός
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *erutʰrós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”), from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.
Compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀬𐀲𐀨 (e-ru-ta-ra). Cognates include Russian рёдрый (rjódryj), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá), Latin ruber, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, and Proto-Germanic *raudaz (English red). Note that Greek is the only branch to preserve the sound of the laryngeal *h₁ at the beginning of the word, which became ε (e).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /e.ry.tʰrós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /e.ryˈtʰros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /e.ryˈθros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /e.ryˈθros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /e.riˈθros/
Adjective
[edit]ἐρῠθρός • (erŭthrós) m (feminine ἐρῠθρᾱ́, neuter ἐρῠθρόν); first/second declension
- reddish, red
- Synonym: πῠρρός (pŭrrhós)
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.365–367:
- ᾰ̓́λλον δ’ ἐνθένδε χρῡσὸν καὶ χᾰλκὸν ἐρῠθρὸν ἠδὲ γῠναῖκᾰς ἐῠ̈ζώνους πολῐόν τε σῐ́δηρον ᾰ̓́ξομαι
- ắllon d’ enthénde khrūsòn kaì khălkòn erŭthròn ēdè gŭnaîkăs eŭ̈zṓnous polĭón te sĭ́dēron ắxomai
- From there I will bring more gold and red bronze and fair-girdled women and much iron
- ᾰ̓́λλον δ’ ἐνθένδε χρῡσὸν καὶ χᾰλκὸν ἐρῠθρὸν ἠδὲ γῠναῖκᾰς ἐῠ̈ζώνους πολῐόν τε σῐ́δηρον ᾰ̓́ξομαι
- 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 449–450:
- εὑρήσεις δέ με πᾶσῐν ἐπ’ ἔργμᾰσῐν ὥσπερ ᾰ̓́πεφθον χρῡσὸν ἐρῠθρὸν ῐ̓δεῖν τρῑβόμενον βᾰσᾰ́νῳ
- heurḗseis dé me pâsĭn ep’ érgmăsĭn hṓsper ắpephthon khrūsòn erŭthròn ĭdeîn trībómenon băsắnōi
- You will find me in all my actions like refined gold, red to the eye when rubbed against a touchstone
- εὑρήσεις δέ με πᾶσῐν ἐπ’ ἔργμᾰσῐν ὥσπερ ᾰ̓́πεφθον χρῡσὸν ἐρῠθρὸν ῐ̓δεῖν τρῑβόμενον βᾰσᾰ́νῳ
Inflection
[edit]Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | ἐρῠθρός erŭthrós |
ἐρῠθρᾱ́ erŭthrā́ |
ἐρῠθρόν erŭthrón |
ἐρῠθρώ erŭthrṓ |
ἐρῠθρᾱ́ erŭthrā́ |
ἐρῠθρώ erŭthrṓ |
ἐρῠθροί erŭthroí |
ἐρῠθραί erŭthraí |
ἐρῠθρᾰ́ erŭthrắ | |||||
Genitive | ἐρῠθροῦ erŭthroû |
ἐρῠθρᾶς erŭthrâs |
ἐρῠθροῦ erŭthroû |
ἐρῠθροῖν erŭthroîn |
ἐρῠθραῖν erŭthraîn |
ἐρῠθροῖν erŭthroîn |
ἐρῠθρῶν erŭthrôn |
ἐρῠθρῶν erŭthrôn |
ἐρῠθρῶν erŭthrôn | |||||
Dative | ἐρῠθρῷ erŭthrôi |
ἐρῠθρᾷ erŭthrâi |
ἐρῠθρῷ erŭthrôi |
ἐρῠθροῖν erŭthroîn |
ἐρῠθραῖν erŭthraîn |
ἐρῠθροῖν erŭthroîn |
ἐρῠθροῖς erŭthroîs |
ἐρῠθραῖς erŭthraîs |
ἐρῠθροῖς erŭthroîs | |||||
Accusative | ἐρῠθρόν erŭthrón |
ἐρῠθρᾱ́ν erŭthrā́n |
ἐρῠθρόν erŭthrón |
ἐρῠθρώ erŭthrṓ |
ἐρῠθρᾱ́ erŭthrā́ |
ἐρῠθρώ erŭthrṓ |
ἐρῠθρούς erŭthroús |
ἐρῠθρᾱ́ς erŭthrā́s |
ἐρῠθρᾰ́ erŭthrắ | |||||
Vocative | ἐρῠθρέ erŭthré |
ἐρῠθρᾱ́ erŭthrā́ |
ἐρῠθρόν erŭthrón |
ἐρῠθρώ erŭthrṓ |
ἐρῠθρᾱ́ erŭthrā́ |
ἐρῠθρώ erŭthrṓ |
ἐρῠθροί erŭthroí |
ἐρῠθραί erŭthraí |
ἐρῠθρᾰ́ erŭthrắ | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
ἐρῠθρῶς erŭthrôs |
ἐρῠθρότερος erŭthróteros |
ἐρῠθρότᾰτος erŭthrótătos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
[edit]- δῐέρῠθρος (dĭérŭthros)
- ἐνέρῠθρος (enérŭthros)
- ἐξέρῠθρος (exérŭthros)
- ἐρῠθρᾰ́δῐον (erŭthrắdĭon)
- ἐρῠθραίνομαι (erŭthraínomai)
- ἐρῠθραίνω (erŭthraínō)
- ἐρῠθραῖος (erŭthraîos)
- ἐρῠθρᾰνός (erŭthrănós)
- ἐρῠ́θρημᾰ (erŭ́thrēmă)
- ἐρῠθρῐ́ᾱς (erŭthrĭ́ās)
- ἐρῠθρῖνος (erŭthrînos)
- ἐρῠθρῐ́ς (erŭthrĭ́s)
- ἐρῠθροβᾰφής (erŭthrobăphḗs)
- ἐρῠθρόβωλος (erŭthróbōlos)
- ἐρῠθρόγρᾰμμος (erŭthrógrămmos)
- ἐρῠθροδᾰ́κτῠλος (erŭthrodắktŭlos)
- ἐρῠθρόδᾰνον (erŭthródănon)
- ἐρῠθροειδής (erŭthroeidḗs)
- ἐρῠθροκᾰ́ρδῐος (erŭthrokắrdĭos)
- ἐρῠθροκομῐ́ς (erŭthrokomĭ́s)
- ἐρῠθρόλευκος (erŭthróleukos)
- ἐρῠθρομέλᾱς (erŭthromélās)
- ἐρῠθρόνῐον (erŭthrónĭon)
- ἐρῠθρόξᾰνθος (erŭthróxănthos)
- ἐρῠθροποίκῐλος (erŭthropoíkĭlos)
- ἐρῠθρόπους (erŭthrópous)
- ἐρῠθροπρόσωπος (erŭthroprósōpos)
- ἐρῠθρότης (erŭthrótēs)
- ἐρῠθρόχλωρος (erŭthrókhlōros)
- ἐρῠθρόχροος (erŭthrókhroos)
- ἐρῠθρώδης (erŭthrṓdēs)
- λευκέρῠθρος (leukérŭthros)
- ῠ̔περέρῠθρος (hŭperérŭthros)
- ῠ̔πέρῠθρος (hŭpérŭthros)
Descendants
[edit]
λευκός (leukós) | γλαυκός (glaukós), κῐλλός (kĭllós), πολῐός (polĭós), φαιός (phaiós), χαροπός (kharopós) | ᾰ̓μαυρός (ămaurós), κελαινός (kelainós), μαυρός (maurós), μέλᾱς (mélās) |
ἐρῠθρός (erŭthrós); κᾰρῡ́κῐνος (kărū́kĭnos), κόκκῐνος (kókkĭnos), φοινός (phoinós) | πυρρός (purrhós); ὄρφνῐνος (órphnĭnos) | μήλινος (mḗlinos), ξᾰνθός (xănthós); ὠχρός (ōkhrós) |
πρᾰ́σῐνος (prắsĭnos) | χλωρός (khlōrós) | χλωρός (khlōrós); χλωρομέλᾱς (khlōromélās) |
κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos); γλαυκός (glaukós), κᾰλάϊνος (kăláïnos) | κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos) | κῠᾰ́νεος (kŭắneos), ὑᾰκῐ́νθῐνος (huăkĭ́nthĭnos) |
ἰόεις (ióeis), φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (hălourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphŭ́reos), οἶνοψ (oînops) | φοινῑ́κεος (phoinī́keos); ᾰ̔λουργής (hălourgḗs), πορφῠ́ρεος (porphŭ́reos) | ῥόδινος (rhódinos), ῥοδόεις (rhodóeis) |
References
[edit]- “ἐρυθρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐρυθρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἐρυθρός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἐρυθρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἐρυθρός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἐρυθρός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2063 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek adjectives
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- grc:Colors