रुधिर

See also: रोध्र

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৰুধিৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬭᬸᬥᬶᬭ (Balinese script)
• রুধির (Bengali script)
• 𑰨𑰲𑰠𑰰𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀭𑀼𑀥𑀺𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ရုဓိရ (Burmese script)
• રુધિર (Gujarati script)
• ਰੁਧਿਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌰𑍁𑌧𑌿𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦫꦸꦣꦶꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂩𑂳𑂡𑂱𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ರುಧಿರ (Kannada script)
• រុធិរ (Khmer script)
• ຣຸຘິຣ (Lao script)
• രുധിര (Malayalam script)
• ᡵᡠᢡᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘨𑘳𑘠𑘱𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠷᠤᢑᠾᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧈𑧔𑧀𑧒𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐬𑐸𑐢𑐶𑐬 (Newa script)
• ରୁଧିର (Odia script)
• ꢬꢸꢤꢶꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆫𑆶𑆣𑆴𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖨𑖲𑖠𑖰𑖨 (Siddham script)
• රුධිර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩼𑩒𑩮𑩑𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚤𑚰𑚜𑚮𑚤 (Takri script)
• ருதி⁴ர (Tamil script)
• రుధిర (Telugu script)
• รุธิร (Thai script)
• རུ་དྷི་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒩𑒳𑒡𑒱𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨫𑨃𑨜𑨁𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hrudʰrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hrudʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰrós (“red”), from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬙𐬀- (raoⁱδita-), Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós) Latin ruber, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, Old Church Slavonic рудъ (rudŭ), Lithuanian raúdas, Old English rēad (whence English red).

The epenthesis of -i- from expected *rudhrá is due to influence by रुधिक्रा (rudhikrā́).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾu.dʱi.ɾɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɾu.d̪ʱi.ɾɐ/

Adjective

रुधिर • (rudhirá)

1. red, blood-red, bloody

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of रुधिर

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	रुधिरः (rudhiráḥ)	रुधिरौ (rudhiraú) रुधिरा¹ (rudhirā́¹)	रुधिराः (rudhirā́ḥ) रुधिरासः¹ (rudhirā́saḥ¹)
vocative	रुधिर (rúdhira)	रुधिरौ (rúdhirau) रुधिरा¹ (rúdhirā¹)	रुधिराः (rúdhirāḥ) रुधिरासः¹ (rúdhirāsaḥ¹)
accusative	रुधिरम् (rudhirám)	रुधिरौ (rudhiraú) रुधिरा¹ (rudhirā́¹)	रुधिरान् (rudhirā́n)
instrumental	रुधिरेण (rudhiréṇa)	रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रुधिरैः (rudhiraíḥ) रुधिरेभिः¹ (rudhirébhiḥ¹)
dative	रुधिराय (rudhirā́ya)	रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रुधिरेभ्यः (rudhirébhyaḥ)
ablative	रुधिरात् (rudhirā́t)	रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रुधिरेभ्यः (rudhirébhyaḥ)
genitive	रुधिरस्य (rudhirásya)	रुधिरयोः (rudhiráyoḥ)	रुधिराणाम् (rudhirā́ṇām)
locative	रुधिरे (rudhiré)	रुधिरयोः (rudhiráyoḥ)	रुधिरेषु (rudhiréṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of रुधिरा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	रुधिरा (rudhirā́)	रुधिरे (rudhiré)	रुधिराः (rudhirā́ḥ)
vocative	रुधिरे (rúdhire)	रुधिरे (rúdhire)	रुधिराः (rúdhirāḥ)
accusative	रुधिराम् (rudhirā́m)	रुधिरे (rudhiré)	रुधिराः (rudhirā́ḥ)
instrumental	रुधिरया (rudhiráyā) रुधिरा¹ (rudhirā́¹)	रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रुधिराभिः (rudhirā́bhiḥ)
dative	रुधिरायै (rudhirā́yai)	रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रुधिराभ्यः (rudhirā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	रुधिरायाः (rudhirā́yāḥ) रुधिरायै² (rudhirā́yai²)	रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रुधिराभ्यः (rudhirā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	रुधिरायाः (rudhirā́yāḥ) रुधिरायै² (rudhirā́yai²)	रुधिरयोः (rudhiráyoḥ)	रुधिराणाम् (rudhirā́ṇām)
locative	रुधिरायाम् (rudhirā́yām)	रुधिरयोः (rudhiráyoḥ)	रुधिरासु (rudhirā́su)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of रुधिर

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	रुधिरम् (rudhirám)	रुधिरे (rudhiré)	रुधिराणि (rudhirā́ṇi) रुधिरा¹ (rudhirā́¹)
vocative	रुधिर (rúdhira)	रुधिरे (rúdhire)	रुधिराणि (rúdhirāṇi) रुधिरा¹ (rúdhirā¹)
accusative	रुधिरम् (rudhirám)	रुधिरे (rudhiré)	रुधिराणि (rudhirā́ṇi) रुधिरा¹ (rudhirā́¹)
instrumental	रुधिरेण (rudhiréṇa)	रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रुधिरैः (rudhiraíḥ) रुधिरेभिः¹ (rudhirébhiḥ¹)
dative	रुधिराय (rudhirā́ya)	रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रुधिरेभ्यः (rudhirébhyaḥ)
ablative	रुधिरात् (rudhirā́t)	रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रुधिरेभ्यः (rudhirébhyaḥ)
genitive	रुधिरस्य (rudhirásya)	रुधिरयोः (rudhiráyoḥ)	रुधिराणाम् (rudhirā́ṇām)
locative	रुधिरे (rudhiré)	रुधिरयोः (rudhiráyoḥ)	रुधिरेषु (rudhiréṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• रुधिरोद्गारिन् (rudhirodgārin)

Noun

रुधिर • (rudhirá) stem, m

1. the bloodred planet or Mars
2. a kind of precious stone (compare रुधिराख्य (rudhirā*khya))

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of रुधिर

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	रुधिरः (rudhiráḥ)	रुधिरौ (rudhiraú) रुधिरा¹ (rudhirā́¹)	रुधिराः (rudhirā́ḥ) रुधिरासः¹ (rudhirā́saḥ¹)
vocative	रुधिर (rúdhira)	रुधिरौ (rúdhirau) रुधिरा¹ (rúdhirā¹)	रुधिराः (rúdhirāḥ) रुधिरासः¹ (rúdhirāsaḥ¹)
accusative	रुधिरम् (rudhirám)	रुधिरौ (rudhiraú) रुधिरा¹ (rudhirā́¹)	रुधिरान् (rudhirā́n)
instrumental	रुधिरेण (rudhiréṇa)	रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रुधिरैः (rudhiraíḥ) रुधिरेभिः¹ (rudhirébhiḥ¹)
dative	रुधिराय (rudhirā́ya)	रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रुधिरेभ्यः (rudhirébhyaḥ)
ablative	रुधिरात् (rudhirā́t)	रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रुधिरेभ्यः (rudhirébhyaḥ)
genitive	रुधिरस्य (rudhirásya)	रुधिरयोः (rudhiráyoḥ)	रुधिराणाम् (rudhirā́ṇām)
locative	रुधिरे (rudhiré)	रुधिरयोः (rudhiráyoḥ)	रुधिरेषु (rudhiréṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Noun

रुधिर • (rudhirá) stem, n

1. saffron
2. name of a city

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of रुधिर

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	रुधिरम् (rudhirám)	रुधिरे (rudhiré)	रुधिराणि (rudhirā́ṇi) रुधिरा¹ (rudhirā́¹)
vocative	रुधिर (rúdhira)	रुधिरे (rúdhire)	रुधिराणि (rúdhirāṇi) रुधिरा¹ (rúdhirā¹)
accusative	रुधिरम् (rudhirám)	रुधिरे (rudhiré)	रुधिराणि (rudhirā́ṇi) रुधिरा¹ (rudhirā́¹)
instrumental	रुधिरेण (rudhiréṇa)	रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रुधिरैः (rudhiraíḥ) रुधिरेभिः¹ (rudhirébhiḥ¹)
dative	रुधिराय (rudhirā́ya)	रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रुधिरेभ्यः (rudhirébhyaḥ)
ablative	रुधिरात् (rudhirā́t)	रुधिराभ्याम् (rudhirā́bhyām)	रुधिरेभ्यः (rudhirébhyaḥ)
genitive	रुधिरस्य (rudhirásya)	रुधिरयोः (rudhiráyoḥ)	रुधिराणाम् (rudhirā́ṇām)
locative	रुधिरे (rudhiré)	रुधिरयोः (rudhiráyoḥ)	रुधिरेषु (rudhiréṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Bengali: রুধির (rudhir)
• Pali: rudhira
• → Old Javanese: rudhira
  • > Javanese: ꦫꦸꦢꦶꦫ (rudira), ꦭꦸꦢꦶꦫ (ludira) (inherited)
  • → Balinese: ᬭᬸᬥᬶᬭ (rudira)
• → Tamil: உதிரம் (utiram) (learned)
• → Telugu: రుధిరము (rudhiramu) (learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “रुधिर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0884.