Appendix:Osing Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Osing, compared with definitions in English. The Osing language has the ISO 639-3 language code: [osi].

Presentation

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For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

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No. English Osing
basa Osing
ꦨꦱ​ꦎꦱꦶꦁ​
1 I nisun, awakisun, isyun isun, hyun, hun, kyawula, kawula
2 you (singular) nira, hira, ira, sira, sampéyan, rika
3 he, she, it enggihyé, enggihé, enggiyé
4 we awak dhèwèk
5 you (plural) [Term?]
6 they dhèwèkné
7 this kèk, nya, nyiki, iki, wéné
8 that nika, ika, niku, iku
9 here mriki, kènè
10 there kyana, kana, mrika
11 who syapa, sapa, sinten
12 what pyaran, paran
13 where [Term?]
14 when wayakyendi, wayakendi
15 how kelendi (endi), kepundi
16 not hing, dyéné, déné, dyudu, dudu, myasa, masa
17 all sawegung, sekèhé
18 many enggyek, enggek, engkyeg, engkeg, njyerebel, jerebel, rimbyit, rimbit, gejyag, gejag, gejyèg, gejèg
19 some sapiryang, sapirang
20 few jiwir, kedhik, ipil, ipet
21 other linton, lintun, sèjyèn, wenèh
22 one ékya, sijyi, sak, rara
23 two rwa, kyalih
24 three telu, tri, tigyang
25 four kyawan, catyur
26 five lima
27 big gedyen, agyeng
28 long caplang, landhung, thongklang, jibros
29 wide wyar, wéran, wéra, pethar
30 thick kandel, tebel
31 heavy manteb, wabyot
32 small ruwil, rawit, mendhil
33 short pungklek, purek, cingkrek, menthek
34 narrow glupek, slekek, slupek, rupek, rupit, mlethet, klupek, spek, sompok, supek
35 thin ampyis, ampis
36 woman wyadon, èstri
37 man (adult male) lanang, priya
38 man (human being) jyalma, jalma, tityang
39 child anak
40 wife rayat, simyah, simah, semah
41 husband laki
42 mother babuh, emak, ema'
43 father abyah
44 animal sato, tukang
45 fish mina, iwak
46 bird pyeksi, manuk
47 dog sedyar, segyawon, asyu
48 louse pinjyal, temyah, limpyit, byista
49 snake syarpa, syawer
50 worm gyarèk, cacing
51 tree pokok
52 forest gryeng, greng, alas
53 stick lencer, teken
54 fruit woh
55 seed wiji
56 leaf godyong
57 root odod, oyod, punjer
58 bark (of a tree) lulub
59 flower sekar
60 grass sukyet, tèkyi
61 rope tali
62 skin kaleb, carman
63 meat dyagying
64 blood erah
65 bone belung
66 fat (noun) gyajih
67 egg tigyan
68 horn sungu
69 tail buntut
70 feather simbyar, wulu
71 hair rambut
72 head sèp, siryah
73 ear karna
74 eye mata
75 nose byacot
76 mouth becong, cyangkem, cyongor, cyocot
77 tooth untu
78 tongue (organ) ilyat
79 fingernail tracak
80 foot sothang, ajug
81 leg batis, cokor
82 knee dyengkul
83 hand asta, tangan
84 wing tlampik, sriwi
85 belly madyaran, gyarba
86 guts ucus
87 neck gulu, tenggek
88 back gigir
89 breast [Term?]
90 heart jyantung
91 liver gyalih, atos
92 to drink ombé (ngombé)
93 to eat ganyang (ngganyang), paem (maem)
94 to bite gawèl (nggawèl), gayar (nggayar)
95 to suck ceceb (nyeceb)
96 to spit idu (ngidu)
97 to vomit pelekok (melekok)
98 to blow ebeb (nyebeb), sebul (nyebul)
99 to breathe agep (ngagep), ongsrong (ngongsrong)
100 to laugh unyik (angyunyik, ngunyik)
101 to see sinawang, sawang (nyawang)
102 to hear pireng (mireng), rungu (ngrungokè)
103 to know wuninga (wuningani), sumrap, semrap
104 to think galih (nggalih)
105 to smell aras (ngaras, diaras)
106 to fear gingging, wedyèn, giris, ingyas
107 to sleep glinting, sarèn
108 to live hurip
109 to die njekethat, njembolong, pejyah, tilyar, modyar
110 to kill tigyas (nigyas)
111 to fight èkèr (èkèran), tukar (tukaran)
112 to hunt buru (mburu)
113 to hit gyambleng (nggyambleng), gyasak (nggyasak), jegug (njegug), samplak (nyamplak)
114 to cut potheng (motheng), tirus (nirus), buged (mbuged), keteb (ngeteb)
115 to split ceplak (nyeplak), kepluk (ngepluk)
116 to stab cubel (nyubel), cos (ngecos), sudyuk (nyundyuk)
117 to scratch cemok (nyemok), kruwek (ngruwek)
118 to dig jugyèr (njugyèr)
119 to swim keloyong (loyong, ngeloyong), langé (ngelangé), langi (ngelangi)
120 to fly ayang (ngayang), iber (miber)
121 to walk sabil (nyabil)
122 to come rawuh
123 to lie (as in a bed) linsir (nggelinsir)
124 to sit njelémpoh (jelémpoh), njegogog (jegogog), liprak (nggeliprak)
125 to stand ègrèng (mègrèng)
126 to turn (intransitive) pinyer (minyer), gasing (gyasing), kelibeng (ngelibeng)
127 to fall geblug (gemeblug), gelog, dyawah
128 to give uwèh (uwèni), andum (ngandum)
129 to hold gelathé (gelyathé), tekep (nekep)
130 to squeeze peres (meres)
131 to rub sengki (nyengki), osog (ngosog)
132 to wash asab (ngasab)
133 to wipe usuk (ngusuk), usep (ngusep), ulap (ulap)
134 to pull cembing (nyembing), byateg (mbateg)
135 to push séngkol (nyéngkol), dhorong (ndhorong)
136 to throw srampat (nyrampat), slorong (nylorong)
137 to tie talè (talèni)
138 to sew setik (nyetik)
139 to count rèken (ngrèken)
140 to say canten (nyanten, cantenan), alok (ngalok), wada (ngada)
141 to sing ura (ngura), gyandyang (nggyandyang, ngagyandyang, ngegyandyang), ledyung (ngeledyung)
142 to play main (amain)
143 to float kampul (ngampul), kèmbyang (ngèmbyang)
144 to flow ilèn (ngilèn), gryajyag (nggryajyag)
145 to freeze beku (mbeku)
146 to swell sekar (nyekar)
147 sun serngéngé, surya
148 moon rembulan
149 star setèr, kartika, lintyang, bintyang
150 water banyu, tirtha
151 rain jawah (jyawah), gecek
152 river ilyén
153 lake telaga
154 sea seganten, segyanten
155 salt sarem (syarem), garem (gyarem), uyah
156 stone séla
157 sand pasir, grasak (gryasak), wedhi
158 dust beledug (ledug), belebug (lebu)
159 earth talatah, siti, lemah
160 cloud awang
161 fog ampak, pedhut
162 sky langit
163 wind byayu, wangin
164 snow salju, kembyang ès
165 ice ès
166 smoke kebul, beluk, welek
167 fire gni
168 ash kelawuk (awu)
169 to burn tunu (nunu), ebong (ngebong)
170 road dyalan, mergi
171 mountain gunung, mèru
172 red abrit, abang
173 green biru
174 yellow jenar, gyading
175 white pethak, séta
176 black gelingseng, gutheng, cemeng, celereng, jelitheng
177 night malem, dalu
178 day rina, rinten
179 year taun, saka
180 warm anget
181 cold bedhidhing, edhem, asrep
182 full epor, mèmbrèt, petel (metel)
183 new énggyal
184 old tuwèk, kethak
185 good éba, luhung, pekik, yahut
186 bad èlèk, ala
187 rotten berek, wukan
188 dirty beluwek, cèmot, ceri
189 straight jelejer, pelempeng, kenceng, sènter
190 round wungkul
191 sharp (as a knife) rancab (ngrancab)
192 dull (as a knife) bethok, kedhul
193 smooth lunyu
194 wet gebles, keplèh
195 dry kesep, esat, perkingking, kemelethak, gyaring
196 correct payu (mayu), leser
197 near parek, celak, pedhek
198 far kelip, adoh, tebih
199 right tengen, kanan
200 left kiri
201 at neng, ning
202 in lebet, jro, jru
203 with kelayan (kalih), sareng, saha
204 and kelawan (lan)
205 if lamun (mun), dyak
206 because awit, jyalar (jyalaran)
207 name nami, asma

Bibliography

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  • Kamus Bahasa Using-Bahasa Indonesia [Osing-Indonesian Dictionary]‎[1] (in Osing), Banyuwangi: Pemerintah Kabupaten Banyuwangi [Banyuwangi Regencial Government], 2002
  • Struktur Sastra Lisan Osing Banyuwangi [Oral Structure of Osing]‎[2] (in Indonesian), Indonesia: Data Pokok Kebahasaan dan Kesastraan [National Central Data of Linguistic and Literature], 1995

See also

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Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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