Appendix:Walloon Swadesh list

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

This is a Swadesh list of words in Walloon, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

[edit]
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

[edit]

For pronouns, the first one given is for the one doing the action (eg: dji magne = I eat), the second, for the one target of the action (eg: avou mi = with me). When the first vowel of a word is between parenthesis, it means it is an "instable vowel", it disapears (it is not pronounced nor written) when the word comes after a word ending in an audible vowel (eg: al sitoele, at the star; but: li stoele, the star)


No. English Walloon
walon
1 I dji; mi
2 you (singular) vos
3 he, she, it i; lu
4 we nos; nozôtes
5 you (plural) vos; vozôtes
6 they i; zels
7 this ci
8 that çoula
9 here chal, droci
10 there la, låvå
11 who
12 what cwè
13 where wice
14 when cwand
15 how comint
16 not nén
17 all tot
18 many bråmint
19 some sacwants
20 few
21 other ôte
22 one on, onk
23 two deus
24 three troes
25 four cwate
26 five cénk
27 big grand
28 long longou
29 wide lådje
30 thick s(i)pès
31 heavy pezant
32 small p(i)tit
33 short court
34 narrow s(i)troet
35 thin mwinre
36 woman feme
37 man (adult male) ome
38 man (human being) djin
39 child efant
40 wife feme
41 husband ome
42 mother mame
43 father pa
44 animal biesse
45 fish pexhon
46 bird oujhea, moxhon
47 dog tchén
48 louse piou
49 snake sierpint
50 worm halene
51 tree åbe
52 forest bwès
53 stick baston
54 fruit frut
55 seed grinne
56 leaf foye
57 root raecene
58 bark (of a tree) schoice
59 flower fleur
60 grass yebe
61 rope coide
62 skin pea
63 meat tchå
64 blood sonk
65 bone oxhea
66 fat (noun) cråxhe
67 egg
68 horn coine
69 tail cawe
70 feather plome
71 hair tch(i)vea, poyaedje
72 head tiesse
73 ear oraye
74 eye ouy
75 nose nez
76 mouth boke
77 tooth dint
78 tongue (organ) linwe
79 fingernail ongue
80 foot
81 leg djambe
82 knee dj(i)no
83 hand mwin
84 wing aile
85 belly vinte
86 guts boyeas
87 neck hatrea, gozî
88 back dos
89 breast pwetrene
90 heart cour
91 liver foete
92 to drink boere
93 to eat magnî
94 to bite hagnî
95 to suck sucî
96 to spit raetchî
97 to vomit r(i)nåder
98 to blow shofler
99 to breathe respirer
100 to laugh rire
101 to see vey
102 to hear ôre
103 to know saveur
104 to think tuzer
105 to smell sinti
106 to fear aveur peu
107 to sleep doirmi
108 to live viker
109 to die mori
110 to kill touwer
111 to fight si bate
112 to hunt tchessî
113 to hit bouxhî
114 to cut côper
115 to split pårti
116 to stab
117 to scratch greter
118 to dig schåvler
119 to swim nedjî
120 to fly voler
121 to walk roter
122 to come v(i)ni
123 to lie (as in a bed) coûkî
124 to sit ashir
125 to stand astamper
126 to turn (intransitive) tourner
127 to fall tchair, toumer
128 to give d(i)ner
129 to hold t(i)ni
130 to squeeze s(i)trinde
131 to rub froyî
132 to wash netyî
133 to wipe xhorbi
134 to pull saetchî
135 to push poûssî
136 to throw taper
137 to tie loyî
138 to sew keuze
139 to count conter
140 to say dire
141 to sing tchanter
142 to play djouwer
143 to float floter
144 to flow couler
145 to freeze djaler
146 to swell infler
147 sun solea
148 moon lune
149 star s(i)toele
150 water aiwe
151 rain plouve
152 river aiwe
153 lake lak
154 sea mer
155 salt
156 stone pire
157 sand såvlon
158 dust poûssire
159 earth tere, daegn
160 cloud nûlêye
161 fog brouyård
162 sky cir
163 wind vint
164 snow nivaye
165 ice glaece
166 smoke foumire
167 fire feu
168 ash cinde
169 to burn broûler
170 road voye
171 mountain montinne
172 red rodje
173 green vert
174 yellow djaene
175 white blanc
176 black noer
177 night nute
178 day djoû
179 year anêye
180 warm tchôd
181 cold froed
182 full plin
183 new novea
184 old
185 good bon
186 bad måva, mwais
187 rotten pouri
188 dirty mannet, måssî
189 straight droet
190 round rond
191 sharp (as a knife) côpant, awijhî
192 dull (as a knife) diswijhî
193 smooth lisse, doûs
194 wet frexh
195 dry setch
196 correct djusse
197 near près
198 far lon
199 right droete
200 left hintche
201 at a
202 in dins
203 with avou
204 and et, eyet
205 if si
206 because paski
207 name no

See also

[edit]
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
(edit this template)