fo-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "fo"

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish fo- (“under, beneath; about, around”) (compare modern faoi), from Proto-Celtic *uɸo-, from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“under, up from under”).

Prefix

fo-

sub-, under-, hypo-, secondary, subsidiary
minor, lesser; light, trivial
odd, occasional

Derived terms

Irish terms prefixed with fo-

Mutation

Mutated forms of *fo-*
radical	lenition	eclipsis
fo-	fho-	bhfo-

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “fo-”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fo, fa, fá”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Manx

Etymology

From fo, from Old Irish fo (“under, beneath; towards, into, through; throughout, over; on, about, around”).

Prefix

fo-

sub-, under-

Derived terms

Manx terms prefixed with fo-

Mutation

Mutation of *fo-*
radical	lenition	eclipsis
fo-	o-	vo-

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fo, fa, fá”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Irish

Alternative forms

fu-

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *uɸo-. Prefix form of fo.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɸo]

Prefix

fo-

sub-, under-

Derived terms

Descendants

Irish: fo-
Manx: fo-
Scottish Gaelic: fo-

Mutation

Mutation of *fo-*
radical	lenition	nasalization
fo-	ḟo-	fo- pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fo, fa, fá”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From fo, from Old Irish fo (“under, beneath; towards, into, through; throughout, over; on, about, around”).

Prefix

fo-

sub-, under-, infra-

Derived terms

References

Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fo, fa, fá”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Ternate

Etymology

Cognate with Tehit f- (“first-person plural inclusive prefix”).

Pronoun

fo- (Jawi فو-)

first-person plural inclusive clitic, we

References

Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

		independent		subject proclitic	possessive
		informal	formal	subject proclitic	possessive
singular	1st person	ngori	fangare^m, fajaru^f	to	ri
	2nd person	ngana	ngoni, jou ngoni	no	ni
	3rd person	una^m, mina^f		o^m, mo^f, i^nh	i^m, mi^f, ma^nh
plural	1st person inclusive	ngone		fo	na, nga
	1st person exclusive	ngomi	fangare ngomi^m, fajaru ngomi^f, fara ngomi¹	mi	mi, mia
	2nd person	ngoni		ni	na, nia
	3rd person	ana^h, ena^nh		i^{h, nh}, yo^{h, †}, ya^{nh, †}	na^h, nga^h, ma^nh