fofera

Old Irish

Etymology

From fo- +‎ feraid.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɸoˈɸʲera]

Verb

fo·fera (prototonic ·furea, verbal noun fuar)

1. to prepare, to provide
2. to cause, to produce, bring about

   Synonyms: ar·áili, do·áirci, im·folngai

For quotations using this term, see Citations:fofera.

Usage notes

Relative forms of this verb often takes the infixed direct object pronoun d- (“it”) in an anticipatory function when the direct object is explicit, for example:

is ed in sin fod·era in n‑erigim ― that is what causes the complaint (literally, “that is what causes it the complaint”)

Note that d- in the above example does not actually agree with erigem (“complaint”), as the pronoun is masculine or neuter but the noun is feminine.

Inflection

Complex, class A I present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive

		1st sg	2nd sg	3rd sg	1st pl	2nd pl	3rd pl	passive sg	passive pl
present indicative	deut.	fu·firim	fo·ferai	fo·fera; fod·era, fudd·era, fot·era (with infixed pronoun d-)	fa·eram (with infixed pronoun a-)			fo·ferthar
	prot.						·foíret
imperfect indicative	deut.
	prot.
preterite	deut.
	prot.
perfect	deut.			fo·ruar				fo·roired
	prot.							·foruireth
future	deut.			fo·irfea				fom·firfider (with infixed pronoun m-)
	prot.
conditional	deut.
	prot.
present subjunctive	deut.
	prot.			·furea
past subjunctive	deut.			fu·erad
	prot.	·foírin		·foíred
imperative				foíred
verbal noun		fuar
past participle		foiride
verbal of necessity

Descendants

• Irish: faoi deara (from infixed fod·era, rebracketed as fo dera)

Mutation

Mutation of fofera

radical	lenition	nasalization
fo·fera	fo·ḟera	fo·fera pronounced with /-β(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fofera”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 518