feraid

Middle Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish feraid, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to heed”).

Verb

feraid (conjunct ·fera, verbal noun ferthain)

1. to grant
2. to supply, to provide
   • c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:

     Ro·ferad failte friu uile, ocus ructha chuci-sium isin mbruidin.

     They were all made welcome and brought to him in the hall.

     (literally, “A welcome was provided to them all…”)

Inflection

• Passive singular perfect deuterotonic: ro·ferad

Descendants

• Irish: fear (“to grant”)

Mutation

Mutation of feraid

radical	lenition	nasalization
feraid	ḟeraid	feraid pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “feraid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *werāti. Perhaps from a root Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to turn”) related to *h₂werg-, *werp-, and *wert-. For the semantic development compare the development of Latin versō (“to turn”) to French verser (“to pour”).

Pedersen instead connects it a different Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to heed”), compare with German gewähren (“to grant, allow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfʲeriðʲ/

Verb

feraid (conjunct ·fera)

1. to grant

   Synonyms: do·indnaig, ernaid

2. to supply, to provide

   ferais fáilte fris ― welcomed him (literally, “provided a welcome to him”)

3. to pour, to shower, to shed (precipitation)

   Synonym: do·fortai

Inflection

Simple, class A I present, s preterite, a subjunctive

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Abs.			ferid
	Conj.		·ferai	·fera	·feram		·ferat
	Rel.
Imperfect indicative
Preterite	Abs.		fersai	ferais
	Conj.			·fer
	Rel.
Perfect	Deut.			ro·fer
	Prot.			·ruar
Future	Abs.
	Conj.
	Rel.
Conditional
Present subjunctive	Abs.
	Conj.			·roirea (ro-form)			·roíret (ro-form)
	Rel.
Past subjunctive				·ferad
Imperative			fer
Verbal noun
Past participle
Verbal of necessity

Derived terms

• do·fera (“to cause”)
• fo·fera (“to prepare”)

Related terms

• adbar (“matter, material”)

Descendants

• Middle Irish: feraid
  • Irish: fear (“to grant”)

Mutation

Mutation of feraid

radical	lenition	nasalization
feraid	ḟeraid	feraid pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “feraid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language