fofúasna

Old Irish

Etymology

From fo- +‎ uss- +‎ anaid. The preverb fo- in the deuterotonic forms is the result of a reduplication of the first preverb of the prototonic stem and does not occur prototonically.

Verb

fo·fúasna (verbal noun fúasnad)

1. to agitate, to disturb
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 94^c8

     .i. húare as serb ⁊ nad ṁbí ní du ailgen indi, fa·fuasna són ⁊ fa·ceird dia aicniud.

     Because it is bitter and there is nothing soft in it, it disturbs him and drives him from his nature.

   • c. 815-840, “The Monastery of Tallaght”, in Edward J. Gwynn, Walter J. Purton, transl., Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume 29, Royal Irish Academy, published 1911-1912, paragraph 36, pages 115-179:

     Ma fósnather trist do tabirt for nech nó aithis, troscud ind.

     If you are disturbed so as to lay a curse on anyone, or revile him, fasting [is imposed for it].

   • c. 895–901, Vita tripartita Sancti Patricii, published in Bethu Phátraic: The tripartite life of Patrick (1939, Hodges, Figgis), edited and with translations by Kathleen Mulchrone, line 452

     O'tchúala in rí inní sein, fo·rúasnad co mór.

     When the king heard that, he was mightily disturbed.

Inflection

Complex, class A I present, a subjunctive

		1st sg	2nd sg	3rd sg	1st pl	2nd pl	3rd pl	passive sg	passive pl
present indicative	deut.			fu·fúasna				fu·fúasnither
	prot.								·fúasnaiter
imperfect indicative	deut.
	prot.
preterite	deut.
	prot.
perfect	deut.							fo·ruasnad
	prot.
future	deut.
	prot.
conditional	deut.
	prot.
present subjunctive	deut.
	prot.							·fósnather
past subjunctive	deut.
	prot.
imperative
verbal noun		fúasnad
past participle		fúasnaidi (nominative plural)
verbal of necessity

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “fo-fúasna”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language