User:Nicodene/Sandbox3

Minimal sets:

• 1
  • fin [ˈfiŋ]
  • fen [ˈfaŋ]
  • fun [ˈfuŋ]
• 2
  • ben [ˈbɛŋ]
  • ven [ˈbeŋ]
• 3
  • oso [ˈɔsʊ] “bone”
  • oso [ˈosʊ] “bear”
• 4
  • vila [ˈbilɐ]
  • bala [ˈbalɐ]
  • bola [ˈbɔlɐ] "ball"
  • bola [ˈbolɐ] "bread bun"
  • bula [ˈbulɐ]
• 5
  • paso [ˈpasʊ]
  • peso [ˈpesʊ] “weight”
  • peso [ˈpɛsʊ] “I weigh”

Pronunciation differences: Pontevedra (western Galicia) vs. Ferrol (central Galicia):

• leite [ˈlejtɪ] :: [ˈlɛjtɪ]
• aquela [aˈkelɐ] :: [aˈkɛlɐ]
• ollo [ˈoʝʊ] :: [ˈɔʝ˕ʊ]
• noite [ˈnojtɪ] :: [ˈnɔjtɪ]

Pronunciation differences: south Pontevedra vs. most other dialects:

• mel [ˈmel] :: [ˈmɛl]
• neve [ˈneβ̞ɪ] :: [ˈnɛβ̞ɪ]
• queres [ˈkeɾɪs] :: [ˈkɛɾɪs]

Pronunciation differences: western Galician vs. central/eastern:

• tempo [ˈtempʊ] :: [ˈtɛmpʊ]
• dente [ˈden̪tɪ] :: [ˈdɛn̪tɪ]
• ponte [ˈpon̪tɪ] :: [ˈpɔn̪tɪ]
• longo [ˈloŋɡʊ] :: [ˈlɔŋɡʊ]

However, everyone agrees on:

• sempre [ˈsɛmpɾɪ]
• quente [ˈkɛn̪tɪ]
• fento [ˈfɛn̪tʊ]
• tenro [ˈtɛnrʊ]
• onte [ˈɔn̪tɪ]
• ponla [ˈpɔnlɐ]
• pomba [ˈpɔmbɐ]

Homographs: native words vs. Spanish borrowings
(Spanish [e̞, o̞] adapted by Galician as [ɛ, ɔ] whether stressed or unstressed)

• fecha [ˈfetʃɐ] “sip” :: [ˈfɛtʃɐ] “date”
• corte [ˈkoɾtɪ] “stall” :: [ˈkɔɾtɪ] “cut”
• rodar [rʊˈð̞aɾ] “cut” :: [rɔˈð̞aɾ] “roll”
• botar [bʊˈtaɾ] “throw” :: [bɔˈtaɾ] “vote”
• rentiña [rɪn̪ˈtiɲɐ] “little rent” :: [rɛn̪ˈtiɲɐ] “very close”
• cordeiro [kʊɾˈð̞ejɾʊ] “lamb” :: [kɔɾˈð̞ejɾʊ] “rope-maker”

Variation of stressed mid-vowels in neologisms:

• seso “brain” [ˈsesʊ] ~ [ˈsɛsʊ]
• problema [pɾʊˈβ̞lemɐ] ~ [pɾʊˈβ̞lɛmɐ]
• silencio [siˈlen̟θjʊ] ~ [siˈlɛn̟θjʊ]
• condor [ˈkon̪duɾ] ~ [ˈkɔn̪duɾ]
• ostra [ˈostɾɐ] ~ [ˈɔstɾɐ]

Nasalization of vowels surrounded by nasals:

• moneca [mõˈnɛkɐ]
• mamón [mãˈmõŋ]
• membro [ˈmẽmbɾʊ]
• niño [ˈnĩɲʊ]
• neno [ˈnẽnʊ]
• nome [ˈnɔ̃mɪ]

Environments that favour low-mid vowels:

• Trisyllables with initial stress:
  • xénero [ˈʃɛnɪɾʊ]
  • néboa [ˈnɛβ̞ʊa]
  • método [ˈmɛtʊð̞ʊ]
  • óptimo [ˈɔptɪmʊ]
  • óspede [ˈɔspɪð̞ɪ]
  • óxido [ˈɔksɪð̞ʊ]
• Disyllables with initial stress and a final consonant:
  • débil [ˈdɛβ̞ɪl]
  • néctar [ˈnɛktɐɾ]
  • tenis [ˈtɛnɪs]
  • fósil [ˈfɔsɪl]
  • cosmos [ˈkɔzmʊs]
  • xoves[ˈʃɔβ̞ɪs]
• Disyllables with final stress:
  • bidé [biˈð̞ɛ]
  • Xosé [ʃʊˈsɛ]
  • café [kaˈfɛ]
  • avó [aˈβ̞ɔ]
  • dominó [dɔmiˈnɔ]
  • capó [kaˈpɔ]
• Paroxytones with a rising diphthong in the final syllable:
  • leria [ˈlɛɾjɐ]
  • serie [ˈsɛɾjɪ]
  • egua [ˈɛɣ̞wɐ]
  • croio [ˈkɾɔjʊ]
  • eloxio [ɛˈlɔʃjʊ]
  • inocuo[iˈnɔkwʊ]
• Stressed monosyllables:
  • fe [ˈfɛ]
  • pé [ˈpɛ]
  • té [ˈtɛ]
  • do [ˈdɔ]
  • nó [ˈnɔ]
  • só [ˈsɔ]

Some exceptions

• to the trisyllable rule:
  • bébedo [ˈbeβ̞ɪð̞ʊ]
  • lóstrego [ˈlostɾɪɣ̞ʊ]
  • cóncavo [ˈkoŋkaβ̞ʊ]
• to the paroxytone rule:
  • prémio [ˈpɾemjʊ]
• to the monosyllable rule:;
  • bo [ˈbo]

Examples showing the productivity of

• the trisyllable rule:
  • atleta [aˈtletɐ] :: atlético [aˈtlɛtikʊ]
  • escena [ɪsˈθenɐ] :: escénico [ɪsˈθɛnikʊ]
  • átomo [ˈatʊmʊ] :: atómico[aˈtɔmikʊ]
  • período [pɪˈɾiʊð̞ʊ] :: periódico [pɪˈɾjɔð̞ikʊ]
• the paroxytone rule:
  • excelente [ɛksθɪˈlen̪tɪ] :: excelencia [ɛksθɪˈlɛn̟θjɐ]
  • colono [kʊˈlonʊ] :: colonia [kʊˈlɔnjɐ]
  • Plutón [pluˈtoŋ] :: plutonio [pluˈɔnjʊ]

• Correlation of low-mids with syllable-coda /l/:

• 1
  • pelve [ˈpɛlβ̞ɪ]
  • celta [ˈθɛl̪tɐ]
  • colma [ˈkɔlmɐ]
  • volta [ˈbɔl̪tɐ]
• 2
  • cordel [kʊɾˈð̞ɛl]
  • hotel [ɔˈtɛl]
  • caracol [kaɾaˈkɔl]
  • alcohol [alˈkɔl]
• 3
  • xel [ˈʃɛl]
  • mel [ˈmɛl]
  • fel [ˈfɛl]
  • col [ˈkɔl]
  • gol [ˈɡɔl]
  • fol [ˈfɔl]

Correlation of /ɛ/ with final stress + following /ɾ, n/:

• muller [muˈʝɛɾ]
• taller [taˈʝɛɾ]
• chofer [tʃɔˈʝɛɾ]
• sartén [saɾˈtɛŋ]
• refén [rɪˈfɛŋ]
• alguén [alˈɣ̞ɛŋ]

Correlation of /o/ (!) with final stress + following /ɾ, n/:

• suor [suˈoɾ]
• fedor [fɪˈð̞oɾ]
• doutor [dowˈtoɾ]
• legón [lɪˈɣ̞oŋ]
• carbón [kaɾˈβ̞oŋ]
• son [ˈsoŋ]

Correlation of /ɔ/ with final stress + following coronal obstruent:

• arroz [aˈrɔθ]
• foz [ˈfɔθ]
• robot [rʊˈβ̞ɔt]

Correlation of low-mids with following coda plosive (generally found in loanwords):

• sexo [ˈsɛksʊ]
• obxecto [ɔβ̞ˈʃɛktʊ]
• inepto [iˈnɛptʊ]
• paradoxo [paɾaˈð̞ɔksʊ]
• rock [ˈrɔk]
• stop [ɪsˈtɔp]

Correlation of low-mids with preceding [j, w]:

• fiestra [ˈfjɛstɾɐ]
• ciencia [ˈθjɛn̟θjɐ]
• sueco [ˈswɛkʊ]
• sequela [seˈkwɛlɐ]
• idiota [iˈð̞jɔtɐ]
• padiola [paˈð̞jɔlɐ]
• quórum [ˈkwoɾuŋ]
• secuoia [sɪˈkwɔjɐ]

Correlation of high-mids with following [j, w]:

• feira [ˈfejɾɐ]
• mouto [ˈmowtʊ]
• touro [ˈtowɾʊ]
• peito [ˈpejtʊ]
• loita [ˈlojtɐ]
• cousa [ˈkowsɐ]
• cereixa [θɪˈɾejʃɐ]
• roibo [ˈrojβ̞ʊ]
• roupa [ˈrowpɐ]

In some dialects, [ɛ] correlates with following [w]:

• deus [ˈdews]
• xudeu [ʃuˈð̞ɛw]
• bocareu, deu, veu [bʊkaˈɾɛw], [ˈdɛw], [ˈbɛw]

(892–3)