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User:Benwing2/lashi-references-to-delete-2025-02-24

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Beginning at Mon Feb 24 16:43:18 2025

  • Page 14 : Found match for regex: From {{inh|zh|sit-pro|*s/d-krwak||frighten}} (STEDT). Cognate with {{cog|bo|སྐྲག་}}, {{cog|my|ကြောက်}}, {{cog|lsi|kyuk}} ({{zh-ref|Hill, 2019}}).
  • Page 15 : Found match for regex: Possibly from {{inh|zh|sit-pro|*s-ram-s||otter}} ({{zh-ref|Matisoff, 2010}}). If so, cognate with {{cog|bo|སྲམ}}, {{cog|lsi|tr=ˀśam}}, {{cog|my|ဖျံ}} ({{zh-ref|Hill, 2019}}). See {{zh-ref|Matisoff (2010)}} for a possible explanation for the apparent discrepancy in the coda (Chinese -t vs. Tibeto-Burman -m).
  • Page 24 da: Found match for regex: From {{inh|mhx|sit-pro|*dan ~ daj||single, one, whole, only}}. Cognate with {{cog|lsi|da}}, {{cog|my|တည်း||only, sole}} and {{cog|my|တ||one}}.
  • Page 32 sa: Found match for regex: From {{inh|mhx|sit-pro|*s-hjwəj-t||water; liquid; body fluid}}. Cognate with {{cog|lsi|suid"}} and {{cog|my|သွေး}}.
  • Page 38 lab: Found match for regex: Cognate with {{cog|lsi|loeb}} and {{cog|my|လှုပ်}}.
  • Page 40 ma: Found match for regex: Cognate with {{cog|lsi|muì}} and {{cog|my|အမွေ}}.
  • Page 50 nang: Found match for regex: From {{inh|cnk|tbq-kuk-pro|*naŋ}}, from {{inh|cnk|sit-pro|*na-ŋ|*naŋ|thou}}. Cognates include {{cog|lsi|nang}} and {{cog|my|နင်}}.
  • Page 53 dau: Found match for regex: Cognate with {{cog|lsi|ladu}} and {{cog|my|တူ||hammer}}.
  • Page 55 Toyota: Found match for regex: * Lashi: {{t|lsi|Tuyuta}}
  • Page 64 sam: Found match for regex: From {{inh|mhx|sit-pro|*g-sum||three}}. Cognate with {{cog|lsi|soem"}} and {{cog|my|သုံး||three}}.
  • Page 79 LSI: Found match for regex: {{also|lsi}}
  • Page 118 daug: Found match for regex: From {{inh|mhx|sit-pro|*duk ~ tuk||water; liquid; body fluid}}. Cognate with {{cog|lsi|dug'}} and {{cog|my|တောက်||poisonous}}.
  • Page 133 Samsung: Found match for regex: * Lashi: {{t|lsi|Samsung}}
  • Page 134 Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/s-ŋja: Found match for regex: **** {{desc|lsi|'''ŋə̆³¹''' tso³³}}
  • Page 135 Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/lak ~ C-jak: Found match for regex: ***** {{desc|lsi|lò}}
  • Page 137 ထိုး: Found match for regex: According to {{zh-ref|Hill (2019)}} (p. 64), from an older {{m|my||tr=*tuiwḥ}}, and cognate with {{cog|lsi|tr=tha:uH}}; he gives no potential non-Burmish cognates. STEDT gives no etymology (thûi "thrust, stab, strike").
  • Page 138 Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/s-riŋ ~ s-r(j)aŋ: Found match for regex: **** {{desc|lsi|htsáng|t=to give birth}}
  • Page 139 ဝါ: Found match for regex: Cognate with {{cog|lsi|tr=-ˀu|t=cotton}} (Hill 2019, p. 68) with further origin uncertain. Not given etymology by STEDT (wa "cotton"), while Luce adduces {{cog|bo|བལ|t=wool}} as a cognate.[1] Note also similarities to {{cog|vi|vải|t=cloth, fabric}}.
  • Page 140 နွေး: Found match for regex: From {{inh|my|sit-pro|*nwe|t=warm, hot}}, an allofam of {{m|sit-pro|*C-n(w)an ~ *C-n(w)at|t=to burn, light (a fire); hot}}. Cognates include {{cog|lsi|ngé|t=hot}}, {{cog|och|-}} {{och-l|熱|id}} (STEDT).
  • Page 142 Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/tsa: Found match for regex: ***** {{desc|lsi|xoo”|t=salt}}
  • Page 143 Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/na-ŋ: Found match for regex: ***** {{desc|lsi|nang}} {{IPAchar|/naŋ³¹/}}
  • Page 151 Chiang Mai: Found match for regex: * Lashi: {{t|lsi|Chengmay}}
  • Page 152 တည်း: Found match for regex: From {{inh|my|sit-pro|*dan ~ daj||single, one, whole, only}}. Cognate with {{cog|lsi|da||one}}, as well as {{cog|och|-}} {{och-l|但|only; but}}. {{rfe|my|source? STEDT doesn't list Burmese tâñ "only, no more" as a descendant of *(d/t)a(n/y). Luce gives {{cog|och|-}} {{och-l|單|single, alone}} as a cognate.<ref>{{R:sit:Luce 1981|page=62|head=-AÑ Finals (32. Only (after numerals); No more than)}}</ref>}}
  • Page 156 ဆောက်: Found match for regex: From {{inh|my|tbq-lob-pro|*ʔtsukᴴ}}, from {{inh|my|sit-pro|*tsuk ~ tsik}}. Cognates include {{cog|lsi|tsuk}} and {{cog|zh|築|tr=zhù}}.
  • Page 157 ဆိတ်: Found match for regex: From {{inh|my|tbq-lob-pro|*V-ci:tᴸ|t=goat, sheep}}, from {{inh|my|tbq-pro|*r-tsit|t=goat, beard, goatee, yak-hair}}. Cognate with {{cog|lsi|choyt}}, {{cog|ii|ꍶ||goat}}, {{cog|sit-jap|tsʰɤt||goat}}, {{cog|nxq|ceel||goat}}, {{cog|duu|vchit||goat}} (STEDT).
  • Page 160 သီး: Found match for regex: From {{inh|my|sit-pro|*sej|t=fruit; rose; round object}}. Cognate with {{cog|bo|སེ}} and {{cog|lsi|shí}}. Luce compares {{cog|och|-}} {{och-l|實|fruit; substance}},[2] though modern reconstructions of the Old pronunciation do not match very well.
  • Page 162 I/translations: Found match for regex: * Lashi: {{t|lsi|ngo}}
  • Page 164 Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/lwa(ː)j: Found match for regex: *** {{desc|lsi|lø}}
  • Page 165 Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/taŋ: Found match for regex: **** {{desc|lsi|htáng}}
  • Page 168 smi: Found match for regex: From {{inh|ero|sit-pro|*mi||female}}, compare {{cog|zhb|mi³³ wo⁵⁵||old lady}}, {{cog|pmi|m̥i¹¹ tsø⁵⁵||daughter}}, {{cog|nmy|mi³⁵ ||female}}, {{cog|lsi|mji̱⁵³ ||female}}, {{cog|ii|ꀋꃋ||daughter}}, {{cog|blk|mŷ |gloss=woman}} and {{cog|och|妹}}.
  • Page 268 Myitkyina: Found match for regex: * Lashi: {{t|lsi|Myitkyina}}
  • Page 321 water/translations: Found match for regex: * Lashi: {{tt|lsi|gjei³¹}}
  • Page 324 mawng: Found match for regex: From {{inh|cnk|tbq-kuk-pro}}, from {{inh|cnk|sit-pro}}. Cognates include {{cog|lsi|máng}}.
  • Page 341 jɔ̃³¹: Found match for regex: From {{inh|bxd|sit-pro|-}}. Cognate with {{cog|my|ယင်း||that}}, {{cog|mhx|yao꞉}}, {{cog|atb|yang}}, {{cog|lsi|nyang꞉}} and Longchuan {{cog|acn|ȵ̊aŋ³¹}}.
  • Page 342 mi³¹: Found match for regex: From {{inh|bxd|sit-pro|*mi||girl; female; feminine suffix}}. Cognate with {{cog|my|အ'''မိ'''||mother}} (and possibly also {{l|my|'''မိန်း'''မ||woman}}), {{cog|ii|ꃌ||woman; matron; wife}}, {{cog|txg|𗕪||woman}}, {{cog|sit-jap|tɯ-me||daughter}}, {{cog|ero|sme||daughter; mother}}, {{cog|hni|ssaq '''miq'''||daughter; woman}}, {{cog|lhu|zad '''mid'''||daughter}}, {{cog|nxq|mil||woman; daughter}}, {{cog|sit-bok|ȵe məː||girl; woman; female}} and {{cog|kar-pro|*hmɨᴮ||female; woman}}. Compare {{cog|atb|'''myi'''we}}, {{cog|lsi|'''myi:''' yi:}}, Longchuan {{cog|acn|'''ȵi³¹''' mɔʔ³¹||wife}}, Luxi {{cog|acn|'''mjiʔ³¹''' ʑɛ⁵¹||wife}} and {{cog|hpo|'''mì''' sà(ʔ)}} ~ {{l|hpo|'''''mì''' zà''}}. Shared roots between "wife" and "woman" occur cross-linguistically, compare {{w|English language|English}} {{m|en|wife}} and {{m|en|woman}}.
  • Page 351 ɣaʔ³¹: Found match for regex: From {{inh|bxd|sit-pro|*k-rak||chicken, fowl}}.[3] Cognate with {{cog|my|ကြက်}}, with the prefix dropped. Also cognate with {{cog|ii|ꃬ}}, {{cog|lis|ꓭꓸ#etymology_2|ꓭꓸ}}, {{cog|hni|aq '''ha'''}}, {{cog|txg|𗡗||chicken}}, {{cog|ero|ɣra}}, {{cog|sit-tos|vo⁵³}} and {{cog|sit-bok|po '''rok'''}}. Compare {{cog|mhx|qo,}}, {{cog|atb|woq}}, {{cog|lsi|gyo,}}, Longchuan {{cog|acn|kʐuaʔ⁵⁵}} and possibly {{cog|hpo|chòˀ}}.
  • Page 352 ja̠m⁵⁵: Found match for regex: From {{inh|bxd|sit-pro|*k-jim ~ k-jum|t=house; pit; womb}}. Cognate with {{cog|my|အိမ်}}, {{cog|bo|ཁྱིམ|t=house}}, {{cog|och|窨}},[4] {{cog|lis|ꓧꓲʼ|t=home}}, {{cog|ero|jo}}, {{cog|jiq|jə́m}} and {{cog|txg|𗹨|t=house, tent}}. Compare with {{cog|mhx|yham}}, {{cog|atb|yvum}}, {{cog|lsi|yhoem:}}, and Longchuan {{cog|acn|in⁵⁵}}.
  • Page 353 jui⁵⁵: Found match for regex: {{unc|bxd}}. Likely related with {{cog|sit-tan-pro|*ju|t=demon/evil spirit}}, cf. {{cog|sit-bok|u ju|t=ghost}}, also {{cog|och|鬼|t=spirit, demon}}, and {{cog|txg|𗢛|t=demon}}, {{cog|ero|jə|t=ghost, spirit}}, and {{cog|nuf|ʑui³³}}. Compare {{cog|mhx|yui}}, {{cog|lsi|yu'}}.
  • Page 354 Rhymes:Italian/ɛlsi: Found match for regex: {{rhymes nav|it|ɛ|lsi}}
  • Page 355 faʔ⁵⁵ kʰjɛʔ⁵⁵: Found match for regex: From faʔ⁵⁵ ("leaf (in compound)") + kʰjɛʔ⁵⁵ ("counter for flat thin objects or sheets"). Compare {{cog|mhx|fo' khye'}} and {{cog|lsi|fu, khyab,}} .
  • Page 356 Rhymes:Italian/alsi: Found match for regex: {{rhymes nav|it|a|lsi}}
  • Page 357 kʰjɛʔ⁵⁵: Found match for regex: Cognate with {{cog|my|ချပ်||t=numerical classifier for flat objects}} (<{{cog|obr|ခ္လပ်|tr=khlap}}). Possibly ultimately from {{inh|bxd|sit-pro|*s-lap||leaf}}, thus cognate with {{cog|och|-}} {{och-l|葉}} ("leaf"), {{cog|bo|ལོ་མ|'''ལོ'''་མ||t=leaf}} and {{cog|kac|lap|t=leaf}}. Compare {{cog|mhx|khye'}} and {{cog|lsi|khyab'}} .
  • Page 358 na̠k⁵⁵: Found match for regex: This form is inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan, while in Pela (actually, the whole Maruic languages[5]) there is a new form tɛ̃⁵⁵ for the meaning of "year", which can be also used alone. Cf. {{cog|mhx|zae}}, {{cog|atb|zan}} and {{cog|lsi|zan'}}.
  • Page 359 xao: Found match for regex: Cognate with {{cog|lsi|xang:}} and {{cog|my|ဆင်}}.
  • Page 360 i̠³⁵: Found match for regex: Etymology unclear. Maybe a common innovative form in some Burmish languages, thus cognate with {{cog|atb|i}}, {{cog|lsi|eig'}} and Luxi {{cog|acn|ak⁵⁵}}. Whether these forms are related to forms with initial s-/ʃ-(as in {{cog|mhx|shid'}}) or not is unclear but seems possible.
  • Page 361 qid: Found match for regex: From {{inh|mhx|sit-pro|*rəj||water; liquid; body fluid}}. Cognate with {{cog|lsi|gyid}} and {{cog|my|ရေ}}.
  • Page 362 sham:: Found match for regex: From {{inh|mhx|sit-pro|*sjim||to sweep}}. Cognate with {{cog|lsi|shoem"}}.
  • Page 363 xae: Found match for regex: Cognate with {{cog|lsi|xam:}} and {{cog|my|ဆံ}}.
  • Page 364 nhao:: Found match for regex: Cognate with {{cog|lsi|nhang:}} and {{cog|my|နှင်||to drive out, to expel, to banish}}.
  • Page 365 dau:: Found match for regex: Cognate with {{cog|lsi|du}} and {{cog|my|တူ||similar}}.
  • Page 366 daung: Found match for regex: Cognate with {{cog|lsi|dung'}} and {{cog|my|တောင်||arm; cubit}} as in {{cog|my|အတောင်||wings; feather}}.
  • Page 367 mao": Found match for regex: Cognate with {{cog|lsi|mang"}}, {{cog|my|မင်း||lord}} and {{cog|zh|孟}}.
  • Page 368 lao": Found match for regex: Cognate with {{cog|lsi|lang"}} and {{cog|my|လင့်||to wait for}}.
  • Page 369 cad': Found match for regex: Cognate with {{cog|lsi|ceug}} and {{cog|my|စုတ်||to tear; tattered}}.
  • Page 370 tʃuŋ³¹: Found match for regex: Probably from {{bor|bxd|zh|種#Pronunciation_1||kind, sort}}. Compare {{cog|atb|zhung}} and {{cog|lsi|jung}}.
  • Page 371 kʰui³⁵: Found match for regex: From {{inh|bxd|sit-pro|*d-kʷəj-n||dog}}. Cognate with {{cog|my|ခွေး||t=dog}} (from {{cog|obr|ခုယ်|tr=hkuy||dog}}), {{cog|och|犬||dog}}, {{cog|bo|ཁྱི||dog}}, {{cog|ii|ꈌ||dog}}, {{cog|lis|ꓘꓶꓽ||''(archaic)''dog}}, {{cog|nxq|kee||dog}}, {{cog|txg|𗘂||dog}}, {{cog|sit-jap|'''kʰɯ'''na||dog}}, {{cog|ero|'''kə''' ta||dog}}, {{cog|kac|gwi||dog}}, {{cog|lus|ǔi||dog}}, {{cog|mni|ꯍꯨꯢ||dog}} and {{cog|sit-bok|i '''kiː'''||dog}}. Compare {{cog|mhx|kha:}} ~ {{m|mhx|la'''kha:'''||dog}}, {{cog|atb|kui}}, {{cog|lsi|la'''khuid”'''}}, Longchuan {{cog|acn|xui³¹}} and {{cog|hpo|tă '''kʰwìʼ'''}}.
  • Page 372 sɛ̃³⁵: Found match for regex: Only found in Maruic languages. Compare {{cog|mhx|'''sin꞉''' do;}}, {{cog|atb|woq '''san'''}}, and {{cog|lsi|khyid꞉ '''sain”'''}}.
  • Page 373 tsɛ̃⁵⁵: Found match for regex: From {{inh|bxd|sit-pro|*m-dzam||bridge}}. Cognate with {{cog|bo|ཟམ་པ||bridge}}, {{cog|ii|ꋒ||bridge}}, {{cog|nuf|gu⁵⁵ '''dza³³'''||bridge}}, {{cog|lis|ꓖꓳꓽ '''ꓙꓱꓻ'''||bridge, ladder}}, {{cog|hni|zol||bridge, ladder}}, {{cog|nxq|zzoq||bridge}}, {{cog|txg|𗋻||bridge}}, {{cog|sit-jap|ndzom||bridge}}, {{cog|ero|dzo||bridge}}, {{cog|pmi|dzã³⁵||bridge}} and {{cog|duu|dzɑ̆m⁵⁵||bridge}}. Compare {{cog|mhx|zae}}, {{cog|atb|zam}}, {{cog|lsi|zam}}, Longchuan {{cog|acn|tɕam⁵⁵}} and Luxi {{cog|acn|tsam³¹}}.
  • Page 374 ja̠m⁵⁵ saŋ⁵⁵: Found match for regex: From {{m|bxd|ja̠m⁵⁵||home}} + {{m|bxd|a³¹ '''saŋ⁵⁵'''||lord, host}} Compare with {{cog|mhx|yham sang}}, {{cog|atb|yvumsing}}, {{cog|lsi|yhoem꞉ seing꞉}}, and Lianghe {{cog|acn|ɑŋ³¹ ʂəŋ³¹||host, lord}}.
  • Page 375 pam⁵⁵: Found match for regex: From {{inh|bxd|sit-pro|-}}. Cognate with {{cog|my|ပုံ||pile, to pile up}}, possibly {{cog|bo|ཕུང་པོ||pile}}, {{cog|ii|ꁧ||mountain, pile}}, {{cog|nuf|bɔ³³||pile}}, {{cog|lis|ꓑꓱꓺ||heap, pile}}, {{cog|nxq|ba||pile}}, possibly {{cog|sit-jap|rmbɯ||to pile up}}, possibly {{cog|txg|𗪽||to gather}}, {{cog|pmi|bu⁵⁵||pile}}, {{cog|kac|bum||mountain, to pile up}}, {{cog|kar-pro|*plomᴮ||to pile up}}, {{cog|cdm|'''पोम्‍ह्‌'''सा||tr='''pomh''' sa|to pile up}}, {{cog|mni|ꯄꯥꯝ||hilly terrain}} and {{cog|sit-bok|pum||to pile up}}. Compare {{cog|mhx|bam}}, {{cog|atb|bum}}, {{cog|lsi|boem}} and Longchuan {{cog|acn|pum⁵⁵}}.
  • Page 376 tʃø³⁵: Found match for regex: Possibly cognate with {{cog|my|စေ့||t=to come to specified time}}. Compare {{cog|mhx|joe”}}, {{cog|atb|zhe}}, {{cog|lsi|ju”}} and Luxi {{cog|acn|tɕuɛ⁵¹}}.
  • Page 377 pjɛ̠³⁵: Found match for regex: From {{inh|bxd|sit-pro|-}}. Cognate with {{cog|my|ဘီး||comb}}, {{m|my|ဖြီး||to comb, to brush (hair)}}, {{lb|bxd|possibly}} {{cog|zh|-}} {{och-l|篦}}, {{cog|nuf|pɹe̱⁵⁵||comb}}, {{cog|lis|ꓑꓶꓸ||comb; to comb}}, {{cog|hni|'''peiq''' toq||comb}}, {{cog|nxq|berl||to comb}}, {{m|nxq|'''berl''' mei||comb}}, {{cog|nmy|ʁuo⁵⁵ '''pəəʴ³¹'''||comb}} and {{lb|bxd|possibly}} {{cog|bca|sul '''pind'''||comb}}. Compare {{cog|mhx|pye꞉}}, {{cog|atb|byve}}, {{cog|lsi|pyi”}}, Luxi {{cog|acn|pjɛ⁵⁵}} and {{cog|hpo|phyè||to comb}}, {{m|hpo|'''phyè''' xò||comb}}.
  • Page 378 u³¹ lam⁵¹: Found match for regex: From {{compound|bxd|u³⁵|lam³¹|t1={{lb|bxd|in compounds}} head|t2=classifier for round things; generic classifier}}. Compare {{cog|mhx|au꞉ lam꞉}}, {{cog|atb|ulvum}} and {{cog|lsi|vhu” loem}}.
  • Page 379 u³⁵: Found match for regex: From {{inh|bxd|tbq-lob-pro|-}}. Cognate with {{cog|my|ဦး||head; first}}, {{cog|ii|ꀑ||pos=''literary''|head}}, {{cog|nuf|'''u³¹''' phu⁵⁵ ||head}}, {{cog|lis|'''ꓪꓴꓸ''' ꓓꓵꓺ||head}} and {{cog|hni|'''wuq'''duq||head}}. Compare {{cog|mhx|au꞉||head}}, {{cog|atb|u||head}}, {{cog|lsi|'''vhu”''' loem}}, Mangshi {{cog|acn|'''u⁵⁵''' nɔŋ⁵⁵}} and Xiandao {{cog|acn|'''u³¹''' kɔŋ³¹ }}.
  • Page 380 a³¹-: Found match for regex: Compare {{cog|obr|အ|tr=a}}, {{cog|atb|a}} and {{cog|lsi|a}}. Possibly also related with {{cog|ii|ꀋ}}. STEDT considers forms with zero-initial being derivations from {{inh|bxd|sit-pro|*ma|t=not}}.
  • Page 381 tʰø⁵⁵: Found match for regex: From {{inh|bxd|sit-pro|-}}. Possibly cognate with {{cog|my|ထွေ||{{gl|archaic}}to say; pronouncement made by an august person {{gl|from [[w:Old Burmese|Old Burmese]] {{m|obr|ထုယ်|tr=htuy}}}}}}, {{cog|txg|𘊴||to say, to speak}}; Cognate with {{cog|yiv|tsʰo³³ '''tʰɯ²¹'''||voice}}, {{cog|yix|i³³ '''tʰɯ³³'''||voice}}, {{cog|hni|ddoq'''teil'''||voice, sound}} and {{cog|jiu|ɑ³³'''tʰə⁴⁴'''||voice, sound}}. Compare {{cog|mhx|thoe}}, {{cog|atb|te}}, {{cog|lsi|thui:}} and Longchuan {{cog|acn|ŋ̊eŋ³⁵ '''the⁵⁵'''}}.
  • Page 381 tʰø⁵⁵: Found match for regex: Cognate with {{cog|my|ထို||that}} {{gl|from [[w:Old Burmese|Old Burmese]] {{m|obr|ထိဝ်|tr=htiw}} ~ {{m|obr|ထိုဝ်|tr=htuiw}}}}, {{cog|ii|ꀊ'''ꄶ'''||that}} (possibly also {{l|ii|ꄚ||here}}), {{cog|lis|ꓕꓱꓻ||this}}, Dazhai {{cog|hni|tyul||that}}, {{cog|nxq|tee||that}}, {{cog|ero|ə '''thə'''||that (yonder)}} and {{cog|cng|thɛː||that}}. Compare {{cog|mhx|thoe}}, {{cog|lsi|thu꞉}} and Longchuan {{cog|acn|tʰe⁵⁵}}.
  • Page 382 Module:User:Theknightwho/test3/data: Found match for regex: * Lashi: {{tt|lsi|gjei³¹}}
  • Page 383 lsi: Found match for regex: * {{langcat|lsi}}

Elapsed time: 0 mins 38.47 secs Ending at Mon Feb 24 16:43:56 2025

  1. ^ {{R:sit:Luce 1981|page=8|head=-WA Finals (141. Cotton (raw)}}
  2. ^ {{R:sit:Luce 1981|page=|head=-I and -E Finals (105. Fruit; to Fruit)}}
  3. ^ The Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus
  4. ^ Jacques, Guillaume, 嘉绒语与上古汉语 (rGyalrong language and Old Chinese) (2005; Presentation at the International Symposium on Old Chinese Reconstruction)
  5. ^ Nishi Yoshio. 1999. Old Burmese: toward the history of Burmese. Four papers on Burmese. Tokyo: ILCAA.