ja̠m⁵⁵ saŋ⁵⁵

Pela

Etymology

From ja̠m⁵⁵ (“home”) + a³¹ saŋ⁵⁵ (“lord, host”) Compare with Lhao Vo yham sang, Zaiwa yvumsing, Lashi yhoem꞉ seing꞉, and Lianghe Achang ɑŋ³¹ ʂəŋ³¹ (“host, lord”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ja̠m⁵⁵ saŋ⁵⁵/

Noun

ja̠m⁵⁵ saŋ⁵⁵

1. lord, master
2. host

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “master”): tʃɔn⁵⁵ (“slave; servant”)
• (antonym(s) of “host”): paŋ³⁵, paŋ³¹ va⁵⁵ (“guest”)

Derived terms

• ja̠m⁵⁵ saŋ⁵⁵ mji̠³¹ (“hostess, female host”)

 

Pronoun

ja̠m⁵⁵ saŋ⁵⁵

1. oneself

   ja̠m⁵⁵ saŋ⁵⁵ a³¹ mu⁵⁵

   matters of oneself

   ja̠m⁵⁵ saŋ⁵⁵ jɔ̃³¹ nuŋ⁵⁵

   one's own mother

Antonyms

• sŭ.pɛ̠⁵⁵ (“others, someone other than oneself”)

Adverb

ja̠m⁵⁵ saŋ⁵⁵

1. by oneself

   ja̠m⁵⁵ saŋ⁵⁵ xa⁵⁵ ɛ³¹ faʔ⁵⁵ kʰjɛʔ⁵⁵

   tea planted by oneself

Usage notes

When indicating “(by) oneself, on one's own”, ja̠m⁵⁵ saŋ⁵⁵ can be used both interchangeably with jɔ̃³¹ (which originally grammaticalised from the 3rd person singular personal pronoun) or jɔ̃³¹ pau³⁵ (“alone, on one's own”), or together with jɔ̃³¹.

References

• Dai Qingxia, Jiang Ying, Kong Zhien, A Study of Pela Language (2007; Publishing House of Minority Nationalities, Beijing)
• Huang Bufan (editor), Xu Shouchun, Chen Jiaying, Wang Huiyin, A Tibeto-Burman Lexicon (1992; Central Minorities University, Beijing)
• Mangshi Jinghpo ethnicity Association of Development and Progress Studies(芒市景颇族发展进步研究学会)(ed.), Han-Zaiwa-Pela Dictionary (汉文载瓦文波拉语对译词典) (2018; Dehong Nationalities Publishing House, Mangshi)