-ci

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ci"

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ťi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ t͡sɪ]

Suffix

-ci

1. (archaic) the infinitive ending

Related terms

• -ti
• -t

French

Etymology

From ci (“here”), older form of ici. Similar to Latin -ce, but not a direct continuation of it.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /si/

Particle

-ci

1. Used with the demonstrative ce and all its forms in order to specify the meaning “this, these”.

   Antonym: -là (“that, those”)

   Cette chambre-ci est plus grande que l’autre.

   This room is bigger than the other one.

   L’autre chambre était plus petite que celle-ci.

   The other room was smaller than this one.

   Cet homme-ci n’est pas mon mari.

   This man is not my husband.

   Ces valises-ci ne sont pas les miennes.

   These suitcases are not mine.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• ceci
• celle-ci
• celles-ci
• celui-ci
• ceux-ci

Hungarian

Etymology

From -c (diminutive suffix) +‎ -i (diminutive suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [t͡si]

Suffix

-ci

2. (diminutive suffix) Used mostly in given names, but also in other words.

   ‎László + ‎-ci → ‎Laci

   ‎futball (“football, soccer”) + ‎-ci → ‎foci

Derived terms

Hungarian proper noun clippings suffixed with -ci

Hungarian noun clippings suffixed with -ci

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Italian

Pronoun

-ci

1. enclitic form of ci; appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive, accusative and dative forms when the object is first plural person

   dare (“to give”) → darci (“to give ourselves; to give us; to give for us”)

   vendere (“to sell”) → venderci (“to sell ourselves; to sell us; to sell to us”)

   servire (“to serve”) → servirci (“to serve ourselves; to serve us; to serve to us”)

Usage notes

The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :

-are → -arci

-ere → -erci

-ire → -irci

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurci (“to introduce ourselves; to introduce us; to insert in us”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -ci.

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /kiː/, [kiː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃi/, [t͡ʃiː]

Etymology 1

Declined forms of -cus (adjectival suffix).

Suffix

-cī

1. inflection of -cus:
   1. nominative/vocative masculine plural
   2. genitive masculine/neuter singular

Etymology 2

A declined form of -cum (nominal suffix).

Suffix

-cī n

1. genitive singular of -cum

Nupe

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃī/

Suffix

-ci

1. (added to nouns) Used to form an agent noun

   ‎ebasan (“divination”) + ‎-ci → ‎ebasanci (“diviner”)

   ‎nuwangbin (“swimming”) + ‎-ci → ‎nuwangbinci (“swimmer”)

   ‎dòkò (“horse”) + ‎-ci → ‎dòkòci (“horse-rider”)

   ‎enunù (“hoeing”) + ‎-ci → ‎enunùci (“farmer”)

2. (added to a proper noun) Suffix denoting a resident or inhabitant of (the place denoted by the proper noun); used to form a demonym

   ‎Nupe (“Nupe”) + ‎-ci → ‎Nupeci (“Nupe person”)

   ‎Pátígi (“Patigi”) + ‎-ci → ‎Pátígici (“Patigi person”)

   ‎latí (“farm”) + ‎-ci → ‎latíci (“rural person”)

3. (added to nouns) Used to form plant names from the name of the fruit

   ‎ègbà (“deleb palm fruit”) + ‎-ci → ‎gbàci (“deleb palm tree”)

   ‎ekò (“shea nut kernel”) + ‎-ci → ‎kòci (“shea tree”)

   ‎yìkunnu (“palm fruit”) + ‎-ci → ‎yìkunnuci (“oil palm tree”)

Derived terms

(agent suffix):

Nupe terms suffixed with -ci (agent suffix)

(demonymic suffix):

Nupe terms suffixed with -ci (demonymic suffix)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃī/

Suffix

-ci

2. Used to form ordinal numerals

   Twabàci (“Seventh”)

Further reading

• Alhaji, Gabra Ibrahim A Morphological Analysis of Nouns and Adjectives In The Nupe Language, 2012

Old Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /t͡ɕi/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /t͡ɕi/

Suffix

-ci

1. Alternative form of -ć

Derived terms

Old Polish terms suffixed with -ci

Polish

Pronunciation

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕi/

Suffix

-ci

1. (Middle Polish, not productive) Alternative form of -ć

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -ci

Salar

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *-ti.

Pronunciation

• (Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA^(key): [d͡ʑi]

Suffix

-ci

1. -ed (past tense participle)

   Men zide yumuda, samsaq, soğanlarnı al gelci. ― I bought (lit. bought and came) eggs, garlic, scallions, etc. at the market.

   Men aña galaci. ― I liked him/her.

   İşgi gün volcı. ― It's been two days.

References

• Ma, Chengjun, Han, Lianye, Ma, Weisheng (December 2010) “-ci”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 363
• Dwyer, Arienne M. (2007) “-ci”, in Salar: A Study in Inner Asian Language Contact Processes: Part I: Phonology‎^[3], 1st edition, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 48

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـجی, from Proto-Turkic *-či.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒi/, /ˈd͡ʒi/

Suffix

	preceding vowel
	A / I	E / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
default	-cı	-ci	-cu	-cü
assimilated	-çı	-çi	-çu	-çü

-ci

1. Suffix appended to words to create a noun, denoting a profession, occupation or inclination.

Usage notes

• Stress is carried onto the suffix when appended to a word with stress on the last syllable:

  büyü /byˈjy/ becomes büyücü /by.jyˈd͡ʒy/

• Stress doesn't shift when appended to a word that is stressed elsewhere:

  voleybol /voˈlej.boɫ/ becomes voleybolcu /voˈlej.boɫ.d͡ʒu/

Derived terms

Turkish terms suffixed with -ci

Related terms

• -ici

References

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “جی”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[4], Constantinople: Mihran, page 453