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冰

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 氷 and 仌
冰 U+51B0, 冰
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51B0
← 冯
[U+51AF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 冱 →
[U+51B1]

Translingual

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Stroke order
Traditional 冰
Simplified 冰
Japanese 氷
Korean 氷

Han character

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冰 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈一水 (IME), four-corner 32130, composition ⿰冫水)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 131, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1612
  • Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 295, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+51B0

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 冰
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Vulgar character
Characters in the same phonetic series (仌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
冫 *prɯŋ
冰 *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ
砅 *pʰrɯŋ, *rads
馮 *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ
憑 *bɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) : semantic 水 + phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ). The above vulgar character in Shuowen Jiezi is 凝.

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 冰
alternative forms
仌
冫
氷
𣲝
𨻱
仌
冫
氷
𣲝
𨻱
𣲙
仒
 

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed). Compare Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”), and perhaps Tangut 𘒓 (*par¹, “to congeal”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019; Jacques, 2014).

Within Chinese, 凌 (OC *rɯŋ, “ice”) and possibly 凝 (OC *ŋrɯŋ, “to congeal”) are usually considered cognates (STEDT; Zhengzhang, 2003; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). However, they are phonologically difficult to reconcile with the Tibeto-Burman cognates above (cf. Schuessler, 2007).

STEDT also includes 雱 (OC *pʰaːŋ, “heavy (snowfall)”) and 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “snowflake”) in the Chinese comparandum of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am.

Alternatively, this may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”), from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 冰
Mandarin Beijing /piŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /piŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /piŋ²¹/
Jinan /piŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /piŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /piŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /piŋ²¹/
Xining /piə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /piŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /pĩn³¹/
Ürümqi /piŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /pin⁵⁵/
Chengdu /pin⁵⁵/
Guiyang /pin⁵⁵/
Kunming /pĩ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /pin³¹/
Hefei /pin²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /piəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /piŋ¹³/
Hohhot /pĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /piŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /pin⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /pin³³/
Wenzhou /peŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /piʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /pɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /pin³³/
Xiangtan /pin³³/
Gan Nanchang /pin⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /pen⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /pen²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /peŋ⁵³/
Nanning /peŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /piŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /piŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /piŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pain⁵⁴/
/peiŋ⁵⁴/ 新
Shantou (Teochew) /piã³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔbeŋ²³/
Rime
Character 冰
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 筆陵切
Baxter ping
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/piŋ/
Li
Rong 		/piəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/pĭəŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 冰
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bīng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ping ›
Old
Chinese 		/*p.rəŋ/ (dialect: *p.r- > *pr-)
English ice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 冰
Reading # 1/2
No. 856
Phonetic
component 		仌
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		冫
Old
Chinese 		/*pŋrɯŋ/

Definitions

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冰

  1. ice (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 嚿 c)
    冰塊／冰块  ―  bīngkuài  ―  ice cube
  2. ice-cold
  3. to freeze; to ice
  4. (slang, drug) methamphetamine; meth; ice
    溜冰  ―  liūbīng  ―  to smoke meth
  5. a surname: Bing
Synonyms
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  • (ice):
Dialectal synonyms of 冰 (“ice”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 冰, 凌
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 冰
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 冰
Taiwan 冰
Chifeng 冰, 冰冰
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 冰
Harbin 冰
Wuchang (Yingchengzi) 冰
Shenyang 冰, 凍
Singapore 冰
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 冰
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 冰
Tangshan 冰
Cangzhou 冰
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 凌
Baoding 冰
Shijiazhuang 冰
Weifang (Weicheng) 凍凍
Weifang (Fangzi) 凍凍
Changle 凍凍
Shouguang 凍凍
Rizhao 凍凍
Wulian 凍凍
Jinan 冰, 凍凍
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 冰
Qingdao 冰
Weifang (Hanting) 凍凍
Changyi 凍凍
Gaomi 凍凍
Zhucheng 凍凍
Anqiu 凍凍
Linqu 凍凍
Qingzhou 凍凍
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 冰, 冰凌
Wanrong 冬凌
Zhengzhou 冰
Xi'an 冰
Dingbian 冰
Xining 冰
Xuzhou 凍凍, 冰冰, 冰
Qimen (Anling; Junhua) 冰凍
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 冰
Lanzhou 冰, 凍
Ürümqi 冰
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 冰, 凌冰, 凌冰兒
Muli 凌冰子
Chongqing 冰, 凌冰兒
Wuhan 凌, 凌冰, 冰, 凍
Guiyang 冰, 凌冰 in nature
Kunming 冰凌
Guilin 冰
Pingle 冰
Liuzhou 冰
Luzhai 冰
Nanning (Wuming) 冰
Binyang (Nanjie) 冰
Hechi (Yizhou) 冰
Luocheng (Dongmen) 冰
Tianlin (Langping) 凝
Xiangzhou (Nalu) 冰
Reshuitang (Longling) 冰
Mae Salong (Lancang) 冰
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 冰
Oudomxay 冰棒
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 冰, 凍
Yangzhou 冰
Nantong 凍
Hefei 冰凍, 冰
Chuzhou 冰凍
Hong'an 凌冰
Cantonese Guangzhou 雪, 冰
Hong Kong 冰, 雪
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 冰
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 冰
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 冰
Zhongshan (Chongkoumen, Nanlang; Tanka) 冰, 雪
Taishan 冰
Taishan (Guanghai) 冰, 雪
Dongguan 冰, 雪
Yangjiang 冰
Wuzhou 冰
Yulin 冰
Hepu (Lianzhou) 冰
Hepu (Shatian) 冰
Guiping (Jintian) 冰
Guiping (Jiangkou) 冰
Guiping (Madong) 冰
Beiliu 冰
Baise 冰
Qinzhou 冰
Qinzhou (Changtan) 冰
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 冰
Beihai 冰
Beihai (Nankang) 冰
Beihai (Yingpan) 冰
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 冰
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 冰
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 冰
Chongzuo (Laituan) 冰, 霜 dated
Fusui (Qujiu) 冰, 霜 dated
Lingchuan (Yangjia) 冰
Danzhou 冰
Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) 冰
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 冰
Singapore (Guangfu) 冰
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 冰
Móng Cái 冰
Yangon (Taishan) 冰
Mandalay (Taishan) 冰
Gan Nanchang 冰, 冰凌
Pengze 凌冰
Yanshan (Hekou) 冰
Lichuan 冰凌
Pingxiang 冰, 凌冰 dated; in nature
Hakka Meixian 凝, 冰
Xingning 凝餅
Huidong (Daling) 凝
Dongguan (Qingxi) 冰
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 冰
Wuhua (Huacheng) 硬凝
Wuhua (Changbu) 凝
Wuhua (Mianyang) 冰
Heyuan (Bendihua) 冰
Wengyuan 冰
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 硬凝
Liannan 冰
Jiexi 冰
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 冰
Changting 凌冰
Wuping 凌冰
Wuping (Yanqian) 凌冰
Wuping (Pingyu) 硬凝
Liancheng 凌冰
Liancheng (Peitian) 凌冰
Ninghua 凌冰
Yudu 冰
Ningdu 凌冰
Ruijin 凌冰
Shicheng 凌冰
Shangyou (Shexi) 硬構
Tonggu (Sandu) 凌冰
Ganzhou (Panlong) 凌冰
Dayu 凌冰
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 冰
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 冰
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 冰
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 冰
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 冰
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 冰
Hong Kong 冰
Yangxi (Tangkou) 冰
Yangchun (Sanjia) 冰
Xinyi (Sihe) 雪
Xinyi (Qianpai) 冰
Gaozhou (Xindong) 冰
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 冰
Huazhou (Xin'an) 冰
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 冰
Lianjiang (Qingping) 冰
Mengshan (Xihe) 冰
Luchuan 冰
Bobai (Shahe) 冰
Bobai (Longtan) 冰
Bobai (Lingping) 冰
Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang) 冰
Xingye (Gaofeng) 冰
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 冰
Pingle (Tong'an) 冰
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 冰
Senai (Huiyang) 冰
Singkawang 雪
Pontianak (Meixian) 雪
Huizhou Jixi 冰, 凍冰
Shexian (Xianggao) 冰
Shexian (Daguyun) 冰, 凍冰
Qimen (Anling; Minhua) 冰凍
Jin Taiyuan 冰, 冰凌
Datong 冰
Datong (Yunzhou) 冰
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 冰凌
Xinzhou 冬蠟
Changzhi 冰凌
Linhe 冰
Jining 冰
Hohhot 冰
Handan 冰
Northern Min Jian'ou 冰, 霜冰
Pucheng (Shibei) 冰
Eastern Min Fuzhou 冰
Gutian 冰
Southern Min Xiamen 冰, 霜
Quanzhou 冰, 霜
Zhangzhou 冰, 霜
Tainan 冰
Penang (Hokkien) 霜, 冰
Singapore (Hokkien) 霜, 冰
Manila (Hokkien) 霜
Pingnan (Pingtian) 冰
Guiping (Xiaowen) 冰
Guiping (Dongsheng) 冰
Guilin (Biyange) 冰
Chaozhou 霜, 冰
Shantou 冰
Jieyang 冰
Bangkok (Teochew) 霜水
Phnom Penh (Teochew) 冰霜
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 冰
Singapore (Teochew) 霜
Pontianak (Teochew) 冰
Wenchang 冰
Haikou 冰
Central Min Yong'an 霜冰
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 冰
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 冰
Nanning (Gejiayuan) 冰
Nanning (Zhegulu) 冰
Nanning (Silian) 冰
Nanning (Xiuxiang) 冰
Binyang 冰
Chongzuo (Laituan) 冰
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Wutong, Lingui) 冰
Guilin (Liutang, Lingui) 冰
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 冰
Lingchuan (Gaoqiao) 冰
Guanyang (Guanyinge) 雪
Shehua Fu'an 冰
Fuding 冰
Luoyuan 冰
Sanming 冰
Shunchang 冰
Hua'an 冰
Guixi (Zhangping) 冰
Cangnan 冰
Jingning (Hexi) 冰
Lishui 冰
Longyou 冰
Chaozhou 冰
Fengshun 雪
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 涼槓
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 凝鉤子
Wu Shanghai 冰
Shanghai (Songjiang) 冰
Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) 冰
Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) 冰
Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) 冰
Shanghai (Chongming) 冰
Suzhou 冰
Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang) 冰
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 冰
Wuxi 冰
Changshu 冰, 冰凍
Kunshan 冰
Jiaxing 冰
Changzhou 冰, 結冰
Liyang 冰
Yixing 冰
Danyang 冰, 凍
Danyang (Tongjiaqiao) 冰
Jingjiang 冰
Jiangyin 冰
Huzhou (Shuanglin) 冰
Hangzhou 冰
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 冰
Shaoxing 冰
Zhuji (Wangjiajing) 冰凍
Shengzhou (Chongren) 冰
Shengzhou (Taiping) 冰
Ningbo 冰
Yuyao 冰
Taizhou (Huangyan) 冰
Wenzhou 冰, 霜冰 in nature
Quzhou 冰
Jinhua 冰
Jinhua (Tangxi) 冰
Yongkang 冰
Xiang Changsha 凌, 凌冰 in nature
Xiangxiang 冰
Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) 凌構子
Shuangfeng 構冷子
Hengshan 冰
Hengshan (Baiguo) 冰
Qinglong (Changliu Laba Miao) 冰, 凌, 凌構

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 冰 – see 凝 (“to coagulate; to congeal; to freeze; to focus; to concentrate; etc.”).
(This character is an ancient form of 凝).

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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冰

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. Alternative form of 氷.

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
冰
ひょう
Hyōgai
on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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冰(ひょう) • (Hyō) 

  1. An orthographic borrowing of the Chinese surname 冰 (bīng), Bing

Korean

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Hanja

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冰 (eumhun 얼음 빙 (eoreum bing))

  1. Alternative form of 氷 (“hanja form? of 빙 (“ice”)”)

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Alternative forms

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Han character

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冰: Hán Việt readings: băng (悲(bi)陵(lăng)切(thiết))[2][3][4][5]
冰: Nôm readings: băng[2][4][5][6], phăng[4][7][5][6], bâng[2][4][7], văng[3][4], bưng[4]

  1. chữ Hán form of băng (“ice”).

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  1. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Trần (2004).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Bonet (1899).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hồ (1976).
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