不平等條約
Appearance
See also: 不平等条約
Chinese
[edit]unequal; discriminatory | pact; treaty | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (不平等條約) | 不平等 | 條約 | |
simp. (不平等条约) | 不平等 | 条约 |
Etymology
[edit]First attested in volume 73 of 新民叢報 [1906]:
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- 一言蔽之,則領事裁判權者,實不平等條約之結果也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- Yīyánbìzhī, zé lǐngshì cáipànquán zhě, shí bùpíngděng tiáoyuē zhī jiéguǒ yě. [Pinyin]
- In short, the granting of extraterritorial jurisdiction to foreign consulates is, in reality, a consequence of unequal treaties.
一言蔽之,则领事裁判权者,实不平等条约之结果也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
However, the concept of unequal treaty dates back earlier. An instance of referring to treaties (條約/条约) as unequal (不平等) can be found in an article translated from a Japanese newspaper article and published in 時務報 in 1897:
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- 我國與歐美諸邦訂盟,誤作不平等之條約。邇來實四十餘年,為其所屈,苦已極矣。然我國重邦交之義,守公私交際之法,今也盡行改訂,而所餘者,唯奧國耳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- Wǒguó yǔ ōuměi zhū bāng dìngméng, wù zuò bùpíngděng zhī tiáoyuē. Ěrlái shí sìshí yú nián, wéi qí suǒ qū, kǔ yǐ jí yǐ. Rán wǒguó zhòng bāngjiāo zhī yì, shǒu gōngsī jiāojì zhī fǎ, jīn yě jìnxíng gǎidìng, ér suǒ yú zhě, wéi Àoguó ěr. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
我国与欧美诸邦订盟,误作不平等之条约。迩来实四十余年,为其所屈,苦已极矣。然我国重邦交之义,守公私交际之法,今也尽行改订,而所余者,唯奥国耳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
The concept of unequal treaties gained traction towards the conclusion of World War I and was subsequently popularized by Sun Yat-sen in 1923, leading to its widespread usage.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bat1 ping4 dang2 tiu4 joek3
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): put-pêng-téng tiâu-iok
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄉㄥˇ ㄊㄧㄠˊ ㄩㄝ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bùpíngděng tiáoyue
- Wade–Giles: pu4-pʻing2-têng3 tʻiao2-yüeh1
- Yale: bù-píng-děng tyáu-ywē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bupyngdeeng tyauiue
- Palladius: бупиндэн тяоюэ (bupindɛn tjaojue)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu⁵¹ pʰiŋ³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵ ɥɛ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: bat1 ping4 dang2 tiu4 joek3
- Yale: bāt pìhng dáng tìuh yeuk
- Cantonese Pinyin: bat7 ping4 dang2 tiu4 joek8
- Guangdong Romanization: bed1 ping4 deng2 tiu4 yêg3
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɐt̚⁵ pʰɪŋ²¹ tɐŋ³⁵ tʰiːu̯²¹ jœːk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-pêng-téng tiâu-iok
- Tâi-lô: put-pîng-tíng tiâu-iok
- Phofsit Daibuun: putpengdeang diau'iog
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /put̚³²⁻⁴ piɪŋ²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiau²³⁻³³ iɔk̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /put̚³²⁻⁴ piɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiau²⁴⁻¹¹ iɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
Noun
[edit]不平等條約
- unequal treaty (treaty forced upon weaker nations by imperialist power)
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
不 | 平 | 等 | 條 | 約 |
ふ Grade: 4 |
びょう Grade: 3 |
とう > どう Grade: 3 |
じょう Jinmeiyō |
やく Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 不平等條約 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 不平等條約, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) |
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
不 | 平 | 等 | 條 | 約 |
Noun
[edit]不平等條約 • (bulpyeongdeungjoyak) (hangeul 불평등조약)
- hanja form? of 불평등조약 (“unequal treaty”)
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