unequal treaty

English

Noun

unequal treaty (plural unequal treaties)

1. treaty forced upon weaker nations (China) by imperialist power
   • 1957, Chung-cheng (Kai-shek) Chiang, “Introduction”, in Soviet Russia in China: A Summing-up at Seventy‎^[1], New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 5:

     In China, where a subcolonial state had resulted from a series of unequal treaties imposed upon her, the Russian Communists found fertile soil for the reception of their ideas, and thus prepared the way for their subversive infiltration.

   • 2011, Henry Kissinger, On China‎^[2], New York: Penguin Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 59–60:

     Officials charged with managing China’s foreign relations offered concessions in various cities — but they deliberately invited multiple sets of foreigners to share in the spoils, so that they could “use barbarians against barbarians” and avoid dominance by any one power. They eventually insisted on scrupulous adherence to the “unequal treaties” with the West and to foreign principles of international law, not because Chinese officials believed them to be valid, but because such conduct provided a means to circumscribe foreign ambitions.

Translations

treaty forced upon weaker nations by imperialist power

• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 不平等條約／不平等条约 (bat¹ ping⁴ dang² tiu⁴ joek³)

  Hokkien: 不平等條約／不平等条约 (put-pêng-téng tiâu-iok)

  Mandarin: 不平等條約／不平等条约 (zh) (bùpíngděng tiáoyuē)

• Japanese: 不平等条約 (ふびょうどうじょうやく, fubyōdō jōyaku)
• Korean: 불평등조약 (bulpyeongdeungjoyak)
• Vietnamese: hiệp ước bất bình đẳng