mur

See also: MUR, múr, mùr, mûr, mür, and můr

Languages (35)

Aromanian • Asturian • Breton • Catalan • Cimbrian • Dalmatian • Danish • Franco-Provençal • French • Hausa • Indonesian • Irish • Leonese • Livonian • Lolopo • Lombard • Middle French • Middle Low German • Norman • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Occitan • Old English • Old French • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old Spanish • Piedmontese • Polish • Romanian • Scottish Gaelic • Spanish • Sumerian • Swedish • Tolai • Welsh

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Page categories

Aromanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mūrus, from Old Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to strengthen”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mur/

Noun

mur m (plural muri)

1. wall

   Synonyms: greb, stizmã

Related terms

• murisci

Asturian

Alternative forms

• mure

Etymology

From Latin mūrem, accusative singular of mus, from Proto-Indo-European *muh₂s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmuɾ/, [ˈmuɾ]

Noun

mur m (plural mures)

1. mouse

   Synonyms: ratu, xurnia

Breton

Etymology

From Middle Breton mur, from Old Breton mur, from Proto-Brythonic *mʉr, from Latin mūrus.

Noun

mur f

1. wall

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan mur, from Latin mūrus, from Old Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to strengthen”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈmur]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

mur m (plural murs)

1. wall

Derived terms

• Mur de les Lamentacions

Related terms

• extramurs
• intramurs
• mural
• muralla

Further reading

• “mur” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “mur”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “mur” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “mur” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cimbrian

Etymology

Probably ultimately from Latin morus; cf. Italian mora, moro.

Noun

mur f

1. blackberry

References

• Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin mare, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Noun

mur

1. sea

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmuːˀr/, [ˈmuˀɐ̯], [ˈmuɐ̯ˀ]
• Rhymes: -ur

Etymology 1

From Old Norse múrr m, borrowed via Old English mūr or Old Saxon mūr from Latin mūrus. Compare also German Mauer f, Dutch muur m.

Noun

mur c (singular definite muren, plural indefinite mure)

1. wall (defence structure)
2. wall (a wall-like structure built by overlapping bricks or by stones)
3. (soccer) wall

Declension

Declension of mur

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	mur	muren	mure	murene
genitive	murs	murens	mures	murenes

Derived terms

• mure

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

mur

1. imperative of mure

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mūrus.

Noun

mur m (plural murs) (ORB, broad)

1. wall

References

• mur in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• mur in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French mur, from Old French mur, from Latin mūrus, from Old Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Italic *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to strengthen”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /myʁ/
• Rhymes: -yʁ

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: mûr, murs, mûrs, mure, mûre, mures, mûres, murent

Noun

mur m (plural murs)

1. wall

Derived terms

• aller droit dans le mur
• au pied du mur
• avoir été bercé trop près du mur
• emmurer
• être dos au mur
• faire le mur
• les murs ont des oreilles
• mur de Berlin
• mur de soutènement
• mur des Lamentations
• mur du son
• mur mitoyen
• muraille
• muret
• pariétaire des murs
• parler à un mur
• tégénaire des murs

 

See also

• paroi

Further reading

• “mur”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Hausa

Etymology

Borrowing from Arabic مُرّ (murr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mûr/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [mʊ̂r]

Noun

mûr̃ m

1. myrrh

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch moer, a shortening of moerschroef, from moer (“mother”) +‎ schroef (“bolt”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mur/

Noun

mur (first-person possessive murku, second-person possessive murmu, third-person possessive murnya)

1. nut (fastener for a bolt)

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /mˠəɾˠ/

Determiner

mur

1. Ulster form of bhur

Leonese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

mur m (plural mures)

1. mouse

References

• AEDLL

Livonian

Alternative forms

• mu'r (Courland)

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *murëh. Cognate with Estonian mure, Finnish murhe.

Noun

mur

1. grief
2. sorrow

Declension

Declension of mur (84)

	singular (ikšlug)	plural (pǟgiņlug)
nominative (nominatīv)	mur	murūd
genitive (genitīv)	mur	murūd
partitive (partitīv)	murtõ	murīdi
dative (datīv)	murrõn	murūdõn
instrumental (instrumentāl)	murkõks	murūdõks
illative (illatīv)	murrõ	murīž
inessive (inesīv)	mursõ	murši
elative (elatīv)	murstõ	muršti

Lolopo

Etymology

From Proto-Loloish *mraŋ² (Bradley). Cognate with Nuosu ꃅ (mu), Burmese မြင်း (mrang:).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mɤ²¹]

Noun

mur 

1. (Yao'an) horse

Lombard

Etymology

From Latin mūrus, from Proto-Italic *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to strengthen”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmyːr/ (Milanese)

Noun

mur m

1. wall

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French mur, from Latin mūrus, from Old Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Italic *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to strengthen”).

Verb

mur m (plural murs)

1. wall

Descendants

• French: mur

References

• mur on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)

Middle Low German

Noun

mur or mür f

1. Alternative form of mure.

Norman

Etymology

From Old French mur, from Latin mūrus, from Old Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mei (“to fix, to build fortifications or fences”).

Noun

mur m (plural murs)

1. (Guernsey) wall

Synonyms

• muthâle (Jersey)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse múrr, from Latin murus.

Noun

mur m (definite singular muren, indefinite plural murer, definite plural murene)

1. a wall (a free-standing barrier, typically made of bricks, stone or concrete)

   En vegg av tre er mindre solid enn en mur av stein.

   A wall made of wood is less solid than a wall made of stone.

Usage notes

Norwegian uses two different words for "wall". One, "mur", refers to independent outdoor structures used to fortify and delineate. The other, "vegg", is used to refer to the walls of a building, regardless of its location and material composition. Both are occasionally used metaphorically, "mur" more so. "Mur" can also refer to the type of material such walls are typically made of, hence the possible construction "murvegg", meaning the wall of a house composed of brick or concrete.

Derived terms

• brannmur
• Den kinesiske mur
• grunnmur
• murstein
• murverk
• steinmur
• betalingsmur

References

• “mur” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse múrr, from Latin murus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mʉːr/

Noun

mur m (definite singular muren, indefinite plural murar, definite plural murane)

1. a wall (of stone, concrete or similar material)

   Ein vegg av tre er mindre solid enn ein mur av stein.

   A wall made of wood is less solid than a wall made of stone.

Usage notes

• The words mur and vegg are both translated into English as wall. However, they are widely distinguished in the following manner: only mur is commonly used for freestanding walls. Only vegg is commonly used for the walls of a building, whether internal or external. Mur is restricted to stone or concrete walls, whereas vegg is used regardless of material. A wall made from brick or stone can be called a murvegg.

Derived terms

• brannmur
• den kinesiske muren
• grunnmur
• murstein
• murverk
• steinmur

References

• “mur” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Occitan

Alternative forms

• mura (Guardiol)

Etymology

From Old Occitan mur, from Latin mūrus, from Old Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mei (“to fix, to build fortifications or fences”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /myr/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

mur m (plural murs)

1. wall

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *mūrā, borrowed from Latin mūrus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /muːr/

Noun

mūr m

1. a wall

   Synonym: weall

Declension

Declension of mūra (weak)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	mūra	mūran
accusative	mūran	mūran
genitive	mūran	mūrena
dative	mūran	mūrum

References

• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “múr”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎^[1], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Old French

Etymology

From Latin mūrum, accusative singular of mūrus, from Old Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Italic *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mei (“to fix, to build fortifications or fences”).

Noun

mur oblique singular, m (oblique plural murs, nominative singular murs, nominative plural mur)

1. wall

Descendants

• Bourguignon: meur
• Middle French: mur
  • French: mur
• Norman: mur

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin mūrem, accusative singular of mus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmuɾ/

Noun

mur m (plural murs)

1. A mouse or rat
   • 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 326 (facsimile):

     oſ uiu iaz(er) com(o) iaz / o cõello aſcõdud ou o mur

     he saw them hiding like a cowering rabbit or a mouse.

Descendants

• ⇒ Galician: murar
• ⇒ Portuguese: murar

  Trasmontano: muro (“mouse”)

Old Spanish

Etymology

From Latin mūrem, accusative singular of mūs.

Noun

mur m

1. mouse
   • 1251, anonymous, Calila e Dimna 14, (ed. by Juan Manuel Cacho Blecua, María Jesús Lacarra, Madrid: Castalia, 1993):

     Et alçó los ojos contra las dos ramas et vio estar en las raízes dellas dos mures, el uno blanco et el otro negro, royendo sienpre, que non quedavan.

     And he raised his eyes towards the two branches [he was hanging on from], and saw that at the roots there were two mice, one white and the other black, constantly gnawing to the point there hardly remained any roots anymore.

Piedmontese

Etymology

From Latin mūrum, accusative singular of mūrus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /myr/

Noun

mur m

1. wall

Derived terms

• muraja
• murèt

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *mey-der.

Proto-Italic *moiros

Latin mūrusbor.

Proto-West Germanic *mūrā

Old High German mūra

Middle High German mūrebor.

Polish mur

Borrowed from Middle High German mūre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmur/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ur
• Syllabification: mur
• Homophone: mór

Noun

mur m inan (diminutive murek)

1. wall (defensive rampart)

   Synonym: wał

2. wall (structure built for defense surrounding an area)

   Synonym: wał

Declension

Declension of mur

	singular	plural
nominative	mur	mury
genitive	muru	murów
dative	murowi	murom
accusative	mur	mury
instrumental	murem	murami
locative	murze	murach
vocative	murze	mury

Derived terms

particle

• na mur beton

 

Related terms

adjectives

• murarski
• murowy

 

nouns

• murarka
• murarstwo
• murarz

 

verbs

• murować
• wmurować
• wmurowywać
• wymurować
• wymurowywać
• zamurować
• zamurowywać

 

Descendants

• → Belarusian: мур (mur)
• → Lithuanian: mūras
• → Slovak: múr
• → Ukrainian: мур (mur)

Further reading

• mur in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• mur in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mur/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin mōrus, from Ancient Greek μόρον (móron).

Noun

mur m (plural muri)

1. blackberry bush

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	mur	murul		muri	murii
genitive-dative	mur	murului		muri	murilor
vocative	murule			murilor

Related terms

• mură

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin mūrus (19th century). Perhaps preserved as popular in its use as a rare regionalism from Maramureș and Ardeal.

Noun

mur m (plural muri)

1. (rare) wall

   Synonyms: perete, zid

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	mur	murul		muri	murii
genitive-dative	mur	murului		muri	murilor
vocative	murule			murilor

Scottish Gaelic

Conjunction

mur

1. Alternative form of mura

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mūrem. Displaced by ratón, an augmentative form of rata (“rat”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmuɾ/ [ˈmuɾ]
• Rhymes: -uɾ
• Syllabification: mur

Noun

mur m (plural mures)

1. (archaic) mouse

   Synonym: ratón

Related terms

• murciélago
• múrido
• musaraña

 

Further reading

• “mur”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

Sumerian

Romanization

mur

1. Romanization of 𒄯 (mur)

Swedish

en mur (the immediate intuition for the word)

en till mur (another mur – size is irrelevant)

mur (sense 2)

Etymology

From Old Swedish mur, from Latin murus, possibly through an intermediate like Middle Low German mûre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmʉːr/
• Rhymes: -ʉːr

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

mur c

1. a (usually free-standing) wall built of overlapping bricks or stones or cement or the like

   Berlinmuren

   the Berlin Wall

   kinesiska muren

   the Great Wall of China

   Hadrianus mur

   Hadrian's Wall

   1. a wall (defensive structure surrounding a city, castle, etc.)
2. (uncountable) the type of material such a wall is made of, usually brick (including when not making up a free-standing wall)

   Vi gjorde ett hål i rummets trävägg och såg att det var mur innanför

   We made a hole in the wooden wall of the room and saw that there was brick behind it

3. (soccer) a wall

Usage notes

An inner or outer wall of a building is a vägg. More rarely, mur might refer to a vägg made of brick or the like. Other terms for such a vägg is murvägg or murad vägg.

Declension

Declension of mur

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	mur	murs
	definite	muren	murens
plural	indefinite	murar	murars
	definite	murarna	murarnas

Derived terms

• murbruk (“mortar”)
• murgröna (“common ivy”)
• ringmur (“city wall”)
• stadsmur (“city wall”)
• tiga som muren

Related terms

• murare
• mura

Descendants

• → Finnish: muuri

See also

• mura igen (“brick up”)
• mura in (“immure”)
• tegelsten (“brick”)
• vall

References

• mur in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• mur in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• mur in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• rum

Tolai

Alternative forms

• amur

Pronoun

mur

1. Second-person dual pronoun: you two

Declension

Tolai personal pronouns

	singular	dual	paucal	plural
1st person exclusive	iau	amir mir	amital mital	avet ave1
1st person inclusive	-	dor	datal	dat da1
2nd person	u	amur mur	amutal mutal	avat ava1
3rd person	ia i	dir di	dital	diat dia1
1) The plural pronouns lose the final -t when preceding a verb.

Welsh

mur

Etymology

From Middle Welsh mur, from Old Welsh mur, from Proto-Brythonic *mʉr, from Latin mūrus.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /mɨːr/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /miːr/
• Rhymes: -ɨːr
• Homophone: mŷr; mir (South Wales)

Noun

mur m (plural muriau)

1. wall

Usage notes

The most commonly used word for “wall” in Welsh is wal. The word mur is used most often when referring to large walls such as the defensive walls of a city or Mur Mawr Tsieina (“the Great Wall of China”). It is also used in compound words, for example murlun, rhagfur, cellfur, briwydd y mur. The word pared refers to an internal partition wall whereas magwyr is a literary word for an external wall, little used now but preserved in such things as place and plant names.

Derived terms

• briwydd y mur
• carreg ben mur
• cellfur
• cenllys y muriau
• craidd mur
• chwerwlys y mur
• dringwr muriau
• duegredyn y muriau (“wall-rue”)
• haidd y mur
• llysiau'r-bystwn y muriau
• Mur Antwn
• Mur Hadrian
• Mur Mawr Tsienia
• Mur Wylofain
• murio
• muriog
• murlen
• murlun
• murol
• rhagfur (“bulwark, rampart”)

 

Mutation

Mutated forms of mur

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
mur	fur	unchanged	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.