capio

See also: Cæpio

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈka.pi.oː/, [ˈkäpioː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈka.pi.o/, [ˈkäːpio]

Etymology 1

From Old Latin kapio, from Proto-Italic *kapjō, from Proto-Indo-European *kapyéti, from the root *kap- (“to seize, grab”).

Cognate with Albanian kap,^[1]^[2] Breton kavout, Welsh cael, English have, heave, Lithuanian kàmpt, Ancient Greek κάπτω (káptō).

Alternative forms

kapiō (Early Latin)

Verb

capiō (present infinitive capere, perfect active cēpī, supine captum); third conjugation iō-variant

to take, to capture, to catch, to seize, to take captive, to storm
Synonyms: expugnō, teneō, obsideo, retineo, comprehendō, dēprehendō, apprehendō, arripiō, prehendō, capessō, occupō, prehēnso
to take on, adopt
capere consilium ― to make a resolution
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 7.26:
  Cōnsilium cēpērunt ex oppidō profugere
  Adopted a design to flee from the town
to hold, to contain
Synonyms: habeō, contineo, teneō, comprehendō, apprehendō, concipio
to occupy, to possess
Synonyms: potior, possideō, obtineō, compleō, adipīscor, apprehendō, teneō, comprehendō, obsideō
to take hold of, to take possession of, to possess
Metus mē cēpit. ― Fear took hold of me.
to take in, to comprehend, to understand
Synonyms: apprehendō, comprehendō, dēprehendō, accipiō, cognōscō, concipiō, teneō, apīscor, complector, excipiō, exaudiō, cōnsequor

Antonyms: nesciō, ignōrō
to choose, select, elect
Synonyms: legō, dēligō, ēligō, optō, adoptō, dēsūmō, dēstinō, sēpōnō, sūmō, creō
to reach (usually indicates traveling by sea)
to take in, to receive
to get, to receive (said of property, value, money)
to captivate, to charm, to fascinate, to enchant
Synonyms: indūcō, sēdūcō, dēdūcō, sollicitō, persuādeō, alliciō, pelliciō

Conjugation

Conjugation of capiō (third conjugation iō-variant)

indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	capiō	capis	capit	capimus	capitis	capiunt
	imperfect	capiēbam	capiēbās	capiēbat	capiēbāmus	capiēbātis	capiēbant
	future	capiam	capiēs	capiet	capiēmus	capiētis	capient
	perfect	cēpī	cēpistī	cēpit	cēpimus	cēpistis	cēpērunt, cēpēre
	pluperfect	cēperam	cēperās	cēperat	cēperāmus	cēperātis	cēperant
	future perfect	cēperō	cēperis	cēperit	cēperimus	cēperitis	cēperint
	sigmatic future¹	capsō	capsis	capsit	capsimus	capsitis	capsint
passive	present	capior	caperis, capere	capitur	capimur	capiminī	capiuntur
	imperfect	capiēbar	capiēbāris, capiēbāre	capiēbātur	capiēbāmur	capiēbāminī	capiēbantur
	future	capiar	capiēris, capiēre	capiētur	capiēmur	capiēminī	capientur
	perfect	captus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	captus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	captus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	capiam	capiās	capiat	capiāmus	capiātis	capiant
imperfect	caperem	caperēs	caperet	caperēmus	caperētis	caperent
perfect	cēperim	cēperīs	cēperit	cēperīmus	cēperītis	cēperint
pluperfect	cēpissem	cēpissēs	cēpisset	cēpissēmus	cēpissētis	cēpissent
sigmatic aorist¹	capsim	capsīs	capsīt	capsīmus	capsītis	capsint
passive	present	capiar	capiāris, capiāre	capiātur	capiāmur	capiāminī	capiantur
imperfect	caperer	caperēris, caperēre	caperētur	caperēmur	caperēminī	caperentur
perfect	captus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	captus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	cape	—	—	capite	—
active	future	—	capitō	capitō	—	capitōte	capiuntō
passive	present	—	capere	—	—	capiminī	—
passive	future	—	capitor	capitor	—	—	capiuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		capere	cēpisse	captūrum esse	capī	captum esse	captum īrī
participles		capiēns	—	captūrus	—	captus	capiendus, capiundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		capiendī	capiendō	capiendum	capiendō	captum	captū

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Derived terms

Descendants

Aromanian: ncap, ncãpeari
Catalan: cabre, caber, capir
Danish: kapere
⇒ English: capture, catch, chase
Friulian: capî
Old French:
- Old French: chavoir, chevoir
- Old French: chevir, chavir, kevir
  - French: chevir
  - Norman: quevir
Italian: capire
- → Ladin: capir
- → Piedmontese: capì
- → Venetan: capir
- → German: kapieren
  - → Polish: kapować
Occitan: caber
Old Galician-Portuguese: caber
- Galician: caber
- Portuguese: caber
Romanian: încăpea, încăpere
Romansch: chapir, capir, tgapeir
Sicilian: capiri, càpiri
Spanish: caber

Etymology 2

From the above verb + -iō.

Noun

capiō f (genitive capiōnis); third declension

A taking
(law) The right of property acquired by prescription

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	capiō	capiōnēs
genitive	capiōnis	capiōnum
dative	capiōnī	capiōnibus
accusative	capiōnem	capiōnēs
ablative	capiōne	capiōnibus
vocative	capiō	capiōnēs

Synonyms

(a taking): captus

References

^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “kap”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 169
^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “kap”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi

“capio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“capio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
capio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be unable to sleep: somnum capere non posse
- to begin with a thing: initium capere; incipere ab aliqua re
- to derive (great) profit , advantage from a thing: fructum (uberrimum) capere, percipere, consequi ex aliqua re
- to suffer loss, harm, damage: detrimentum capere, accipere, facere
- to derive pleasure from a thing: voluptatem ex aliqua re capere or percipere
- to infer by comparison, judge one thing by another: coniecturam alicuius rei facere or capere ex aliqua re
- to form a plan, make a resolution: consilium capere, inire (de aliqua re, with Gen. gerund., with Inf., more rarely ut)
- I am undecided..: incertus sum, quid consilii capiam
- I forget something: oblivio alicuius rei me capit
- to take a lesson from some one's example: sibi exemplum sumere ex aliquo or exemplum capere de aliquo
- to take pleasure in a thing: laetitiam capere or percipere ex aliqua re
- to be vexed about a thing: dolorem capere (percipere) ex aliqua re
- to take courage: animum capere, colligere
- to be touched with pity: misericordia moveri, capi (De Or. 2. 47)
- the house is not large enough for all: domus non omnes capit (χωρειν)
- to take food: cibum sumere, capere
- let the consuls take measures for the protection of the state: videant or dent operam consules, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat (Catil. 1. 2. 4)
- to take up one's arms: arma capere, sumere
- to occupy a position (with troops): capere, occupare locum
- to capture horses: capere equos
- to take, storm a town: oppidum capere, expugnare
- to take to flight: fugam capessere, capere
- to take a person alive: capere aliquem vivum
- to capture a boat: navem capere, intercipere, deprehendere
- (ambiguous) bare-headed: capite aperto (opp. operto)
- (ambiguous) with head covered: capite obvoluto
- (ambiguous) to be blind: oculis captum esse (vid. sect. IV. 6., note auribus, oculis...)
- (ambiguous) to be affected by disease in every limb; to be paralysed: omnibus membris captum esse
- (ambiguous) to be overcome by sleep: somno captum, oppressum esse
- (ambiguous) to recklessly hazard one's life: in periculum capitis, in discrimen vitae se inferre
- (ambiguous) to be out of one's mind: mente captum esse, mente alienata esse
- (ambiguous) to be fired with love: amore captum, incensum, inflammatum esse, ardere
- (ambiguous) to subtract something from the capital: de capite deducere (vid. sect. XII. 1, note Notice too...) aliquid
- (ambiguous) to condemn some one to death: capitis or capite damnare aliquem
- (ambiguous) to repeal a death-sentence passed on a person: capitis absolvere aliquem
- (ambiguous) Solon made it a capital offence to..: Solo capite sanxit, si quis... (Att. 10. 1)
- (ambiguous) to suffer capital punishment: supplicio (capitis) affici

[1] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “kap”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 169

[2] Demiraj, B. (1997) “kap”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: […]] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎^[1] (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi

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